兔产气荚膜梭菌SD12株的分离与血清型鉴定

从山东某兔场病死兔中分离到一株致病菌,经厌氧培养、菌落形态学观察、培养特性、生化反应、小白鼠毒力试验、动物回归试验、分子生物学试验,结果表明,该病原菌为厌氧菌,对小白鼠和家兔具有强致病力,为A型产气荚膜梭菌,并命名为SD12株。     

鸭源H9亚型禽流感病毒的分离及其生物学特性的研究

从南京某肉鸭养殖场用灭菌棉拭共采集肉鸭的泄殖腔样品20份,通过SPF鸡胚尿囊腔传代接种法分离到1株病毒。HA-HI试验表明:该病毒可凝集鸡红细胞,不能被ND、EDS-76阳性血清抑制,但能被H9阳性血清所抑制,为H9亚型AI。该分离株生物学特性研究结果表明,对鸡表现为弱致病性,而对鸭无致病性。能在小鼠体内良好的增殖,并且可引起发病和死亡。     

Comparative pathogenicity of selected bovine viral diarrhea virus isolates in gnotobiotic lambs

The infectivity and pathogenicity of selected bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) isolates were determined in gnotobiotic, colostrum-deprived neonatal lambs. Five-day-old cesarean-derived gnotobiotic lambs were exposed to 1 of 10 BVDV isolates via aerosol suspension. These isolates were from tissues or secretions of calves or lambs affected with respiratory tract disease, weak neonatal calves, aborted bovine fetuses, or reference Singer or Draper BVDV. The pathogenicity of each isolate, relative to the others, was evaluated in lambs by measurement of the neutralizing antibody response, virus isolation from nasal secretions or tissues, and postmortem lesions. The BVDV isolates varied in their infectivity and pathogenicity. Singer, the cytopathic reference strain, was the most lymphotrophic isolate and stimulated the greatest neutralizing antibody response. Encephalitis was the most consistent lesion observed and was used as the final determinant of relative pathogenicity of the viruses. The most neuropathogenic isolates were the 2 viruses originating from lambs affected with respiratory tract disease, the 2 weak neonatal calf isolates, and 1 isolate from an aborted bovine fetus. The least pathogenic isolates were the 2 reference isolates, Draper and Singer; the 2 mucosal disease isolates; and 1 isolate originating from an aborted bovine fetus.     

新城疫病毒强毒株的分离与鉴定

从发病率为１００％、病死率为９７％的鸡群中分离到１株病毒。该病毒凝集鸡红细胞的作用可被新城疫标准阳性血清所抑制,证明所分离的毒株为新城疫病毒。鸡胚半数致死量、最小致死量致死鸡胚的平均时间、１日龄雏鸡脑内致死指数、６周龄雏鸡静脉致死指数、血凝解脱及血凝素热稳定性等试验表明,分离毒为新城疫病毒强毒株,其毒力比标准强毒Ｆ４８Ｅ８株还强。血凝抑制试验和中和试验表明,分离毒的血凝性与Ｆ４８Ｅ８相同,但中和特性与Ｆ４８Ｅ８有较大差异     

The impact of animal age, bacterial coinfection, and isolate pathogenicity on the shedding of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in aerosols from experimentally infected pigs

The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of different variables (animal age, bacterial coinfection, and isolate pathogenicity) on the shedding of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in aerosols. Animals were grouped according to age (2 versus 6 mo) and inoculated with a PRRSV isolate of either low (MN-30100) or high (MN-184) pathogenicity. Selected animals in each group were also inoculated with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. The pigs were anesthetized and aerosol samples (1000 breaths/sample) collected on alternating days from 1 to 21 after PRRSV inoculation. The results indicated that animal age (P = 0.09), M. hyopneumoniae coinfection (P = 0.09), and PRRSV isolate pathogenicity (P = 0.15) did not significantly influence the concentration of PRRSV in aerosols. However, inoculation with the PRRSV MN-184 isolate significantly increased the probability of aerosol shedding (P = 0.00005; odds ratio = 3.22). Therefore, the shedding of PRRSV in aerosols may be isolate-dependent.     

病死孔雀中新城疫病毒的分离和鉴定

从疑似患新城疫的病死孔雀中分离出1株病毒,该病毒具有血凝活性,在血凝试验和血凝抑制试验中,能凝集鸡的红细胞,且血凝活性能被新城疫阳性血清所抑制.通过试验测定鸡胚最小致死量（EMLD）,鸡胚平均致死时间（MDT）,血凝素热稳定性,脑内接种致病指数（ICPI）及静脉接种致病指数（IVPI）,结果表明,该分离病毒为新城疫嗜内脏速发型毒株.     

狐狸源致病性维氏气单胞菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

本研究通过生物学特性、16S rRNA基因和4种等看家基因的序列测定与分析,对分离自北京动物园死亡狐狸病变组织的1株细菌进行鉴定,并对其进行小鼠致病力试验及药物敏感性试验。结果显示:该细菌为革兰氏阴性杆菌,培养特性、理化反应与维氏气单胞菌温和生物型基本相同;根据16S rRNA基因和dnaJ、rpoD、gyrB、cpn60等看家基因的系统进化及其同源性分析,确定所分离的细菌与维氏气单胞菌属于同一系统发育分支,各基因同源性最高分别为97.6%～99.9%。分离菌株对CD-1小鼠有较强的致病作用,其半数致死量为2.8×105cfu/只;对氧氟沙星、头孢他啶等14种抗菌药物敏感,对青霉素G、克林霉素等9种抗菌药物耐药。     

Pathogenicity of emerging Japanese type 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in experimentally infected pigs

To clarify the pathogenicity of Japanese type 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolate in experimentally infected pigs, we evaluated clinical signs and monitored viremia for 21 days post-inoculation (dpi). Lungs were mottled, tanned and reddish in appearance; had lesions predominantly in the cranial, middle and accessory lobes; and failed to collapse at 10 dpi. Although microscopic lesions of lungs were reproduced using the Japanese emerging type 1 PRRSV isolate under experimental conditions, no significant differences were noted between the challenge and control groups regarding mean rectal temperature and daily weight gain. These results provide useful insights into the limited pathogenicity of single infection with the Japanese type 1 PRRSV isolate in piglets, which differ from findings in reported field cases.     

立枯丝核菌病原致病性及苜蓿品种抗病性研究

为了探明立枯丝核菌对苜蓿种苗的致病性,本研究采用菌饼上放置种子的方法,将分离自3个地点6个苜蓿品种上的6个菌株接种于14个紫花苜蓿品种的种子上,14 d测定相对发芽率、根长、苗长和病情指数。结果表明,参试菌株的菌降低了种子的发芽,从金皇后分离到的菌株对苗长的抑制作用最强;致病性差异显著(P<0.05),其中从金皇后分离出菌株的致病性最强,从丰宝中分离出菌株的致病性最弱;从金皇后、8920MF和爱菲尼特中分离出的立枯丝核菌对苜蓿种子与幼苗的致病力较强;参试的苜蓿品种对同一菌株的抗病性不同,佛拿尔、阿尔冈金和苜蓿王的抗病力最强,丰宝、丰叶721抵抗力最弱。     

鹅源鸭疫里默氏杆菌的分离和鉴定

为研究鹅源鸭疫里默氏杆菌的生化特性、药敏情况、血清型和致病性,从扬州郊区发病鹅场分离到1株细菌,经分离培养、染色镜检、生化特性鉴定、玻片凝集试验,确定为Ⅱ型鸭疫里默氏杆菌。对病料进行病毒分离试验,经过血凝试验和琼脂扩散试验,没有发现鹅新城疫病毒、禽流感病毒和小鹅瘟病毒。动物致病性试验结果表明,鸭疫里默氏杆菌分离菌株可以通过静脉注射、皮下注射和滴鼻3种途径感染鹅,出现100%的死亡率,说明分离株对扬州鹅具有很强的致病性,同时提示在鹅的免疫计划中也应该充分考虑到鸭疫里默氏杆菌的致病和传播。     

鸭源致病性嗜水气单胞菌的分离鉴定与生物学特性分析

为了解嗜水气单胞菌的肉鸭健康带毒、致病与耐药情况,对贵州省三穗县某肉鸭屠宰场临床健康肉鸭随机取样,进行嗜水气单胞菌的分离鉴定、毒力基因检测及耐药性分析。结果显示,分离菌具有嗜水气单胞菌典型的培养特征,菌落形态、菌体形态和生化特性均与嗜水气单胞菌相符;16 S rRNA基因序列系统进化树显示,该分离菌与嗜水气单胞菌聚为一支,同源性均>99%;动物回归试验显示,该分离菌对小鼠有较强的致病性;毒力基因PCR检测显示,该分离菌携带aer、hly、epa、act、alt和ahp等6种毒力基因;药敏试验结果显示,该分离菌对复方新诺明、磺胺嘧啶、环丙沙星和诺氟沙星等15种药物耐药;耐药基因PCR检测显示,该分离菌携带qnrB、Sul1和IntI1等3种耐药基因,与药敏试验表型相符。研究结果为嗜水气单胞菌的生物学特性研究及防控提供参考依据。     

1株鸡源奇异变形杆菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

[目的] 阐明青海省大通县某鸡场病鸡发病原因,为奇异变形杆菌病防控提供参考。[方法] 无菌采集病鸡肝脏、脾脏和泄殖腔拭子等样品,接种普通琼脂和SS琼脂平板进行细菌分离纯化培养,挑取平板上生长的疑似菌落进行革兰染色镜检,再将分离的菌落接种生化鉴定管进行生化鉴定,同时通过PCR扩增16S rDNA和tuf特异性基因并测序。将分离菌接种雏鸡进行致病性试验,采用K-B法评价分离菌对27种抗菌药物的敏感性。[结果] 分离菌为短杆、长杆状多形性杆菌,生化特性与奇异变形杆菌相符。PCR成功扩增出1 400 bp的16S rDNA,序列比对显示与奇异变形杆菌同源性最高,为99.9%。雏鸡致病性试验结果表明,该株奇异变形杆菌对雏鸡有致病性。药敏试验结果显示,该菌株对哌拉西林、头孢吡肟和头孢噻肟等高度敏感,对环丙沙星、奥格门汀中度敏感,对氨苄西林、阿莫西林和头孢唑啉有耐药性,提示该菌对头孢类药物高度敏感。[结论] 分离到的一株奇异变形杆菌对鸡具有较强的致病性,且对多种药物表现出耐药性。     

貉细小病毒分离鉴定及其VP2基因序列分析

本研究从山东省某貉养殖场发病貉粪便样品中分离到一株貉细小病毒(raccoon dog parvovirus,RDPV)。为了解该毒株的特性及其致病特点,对发病貉粪便处理后接种F81细胞,收获病毒液进行VP2基因序列分析、理化特性研究以及貉人工感染试验。结果显示:该分离株与RDPV参考株核苷酸同源性高达99.4%,属于犬细小病毒2型(CPV-2);对氯仿等不敏感,耐酸耐热,符合细小病毒特征;分离毒株对貉具有较强的致病力。结果表明,山东省仍存在RDPV流行且致病性有增强风险,须针对性研发RDPV疫苗,加强对RDPV流行的控制。本试验为RDPV流行病学研究提供了数据支持。     

一株鸡源地衣芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定及其益生作用的初步研究

试验从健康AA肉鸡肠道分离出一株芽孢杆菌,对该菌株进行了培养特性观察、生化鉴定、16S rRNA序列分析,并研究了该菌株的安全性及其对鸡免疫器官的影响。结果表明,该菌株为地衣芽孢杆菌,命名为BL-C;该菌株对AA肉鸡不具有致病性,可显著加快雏鸡的生长、促进免疫器官的发育,为其进一步应用于畜禽养殖提供理论依据。     

一株鹅源鸭疫里氏杆菌与鸭源分离株的致病性比较

从某发病的鹅场分离到 1株血清 1型的鸭疫里氏杆菌 ,与同地区分离到的 1株血清 1型鸭源鸭疫里氏杆菌分离株 ,分别经腿肌注射的途径攻雏鸭和雏鹅。结果表明鸭源分离株对雏鸭和雏鹅的致病性比鹅源分离株强 ,而且这 2株鸭疫里氏杆菌对雏鹅的致病性比雏鸭强     

Biological and molecular characterization of a pigeon paramyxovirus type-1 isolate found in Argentina

In this report, we describe the biological and molecular characterization of a paramyxovirus type-1 (PPMV-1) isolate found in wild pigeons in an urban habitat in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Of the nine pigeons captured, three were moribund, and the other six showed diarrhea, ataxia, tremor, torticolis, and wing paralysis. The intracerebral pathogenicity index was 1.29, and the amino acid (aa) sequence at the fusion protein cleavage site was 112GRQ KRF117. These characteristics correspond to a virulent Newcastle disease virus isolate. Nevertheless, it was not possible to reproduce the disease in chickens experimentally although the chickens exhibited seroconversion after inoculation. On the other hand, pigeons inoculated with the isolate became sick. These results provide further evidence about the unusual pathogenicity of PPMV-1 for chickens and show once more the need for more biological determinations in these cases to arrive at a final conclusion.     

10日龄肉鸭混合感染新型鸭肝炎病毒和多杀性巴氏杆菌的病原学研究

对1例疑似鸭肝炎病毒和多杀性巴氏杆菌混合感染的10日龄肉鸭采用常规的病毒、细菌鉴定方法和RT-PCR、PCR方法分别进行病毒、细菌的分离与鉴定。病毒鉴定为新型鸭肝炎病毒,细菌鉴定为荚膜血清A型多杀性巴氏杆菌多杀亚种。细菌对SPF鸡的毒力试验结果显示,分离的巴氏杆菌与强毒标准株C48-1毒力相近,为强毒株。细菌对10日龄肉鸭的致病性回归试验结果表明,一定数量的该株巴氏杆菌可导致10日龄雏鸭的感染死亡。结果表明,该批肉鸭为新型鸭肝炎病毒和A型多杀性巴氏杆菌混合感染。这是国内首例从感染鸭肝炎病毒10日龄雏鸭肝脏中分离到多杀性巴氏杆菌。     

鸭源新城疫病毒分离株的生物学特性鉴定

从河北某鸭场产蛋锐减而无其他典型新城疫症状的高抗体蛋鸭群中分离到1株病毒(命名为HB/1/06/Dk).经过鉴定,该分离株具有血凝性,可被新城疫病毒(NDV)标准阳性血清所抑制,不能被禽流感病毒(AIV H5与H9亚型)阳性血清和减蛋综合征病毒(EDSV)标准阳性血清抑制;该病毒致死鸡胚的平均时间(MDT)为67.2 h,1日龄SPF雏鸡的脑内接种致死指数(ICPI)为0.86,表明该病毒属中等毒力毒株.     

一株鸭源新城疫病毒强毒株的分离与初步鉴定

从表现腹泻、神经症状、肠道粘膜局部出血、坏死以及卵泡充血、出血为特征的病死产蛋鸭分离到一株病毒,经血凝（hemagglutinin,HA）、血凝抑制（hemagglutination inhibition,HI）和血清中和试验（seium neutralization,SN）及部分融合蛋白（F）基因的序列测定初步鉴定为新城疫病毒（Newcastle disease virus,NDV）,命名为JSD0812株。该毒株10日龄SPF鸡胚平均死亡时间（mean deathtime,MDT）为54．6h,1日龄SPF鸡脑内接种致病指数（intracerebral pathogenicity index,ICPI）为1．75,6周龄SPF鸡静脉接种指数（intravenous pathogenicity index,IvPI）为2．68,其F蛋白裂解位点氨基酸序列为^112R—R—Q—K—R—F^117,上述结果符合NDV强毒株的分子特征,证实该毒株为NDV强毒株。致病性试验表明该毒株对鸡、鸭和鹅均有很强的致病性．     

Immunosuppressive potential and pathogenicity of a recent isolate of infectious bursal disease virus in commercial broiler chickens

At 15 days of age and in the presence of measurable levels of maternal antibody against infectious bursal disease virus serotype I (1:170 virus-neutralization geometric mean titer), a recent isolate (U-28) and a prototype virulent isolate (Edgar) of the same virus caused subclinical infections in commercial broiler chickens. Isolate U-28 caused a significant reduction in the size of the bursa of Fabricius, whereas the Edgar isolate produced splenomegaly. Both isolates reduced the serological response to Newcastle disease virus. The experimental immunosuppressive potential and pathogenicity of isolate U-28 in broiler chickens confirms the role of this virus in recent infectious bursal disease outbreaks.