加强蚕种管理 确保用种安全

蚕种是蚕桑生产的基本生产资料,决定着蚕桑生产的结果。通过分析重庆市蚕种生产情况和面临的问题,提出解决问题的方法,并说明加强蚕种管理的重要性,只有加强对蚕桑基础生产资料——蚕种管理,才能确保蚕桑生产的用种安全、稳定蚕桑和茧丝绸生产、保证蚕农稳产增收。     

对加强蚕种市场管理有关问题的思考

蚕桑生产是重点蚕区的支柱产业之一,为新农村建设作出了重要贡献。蚕种是蚕桑行业重要的生产资料,依法实施蚕种的有效供给事关蚕桑发展和农村稳定。近年来无证私贩蚕种现象在部分地区有所抬头,严重影响蚕桑生产的正常开展。本文从蚕种业自身的特殊性、蚕种市场混乱的原因以及蚕种市场混乱的危害性等方面阐述了蚕种市场管理的重要性,并结合实践经验对加强蚕种市场管理的相关措施,提出探讨性意见。     

我国蚕种生产与经营存在的问题及对策

蚕种是蚕桑生产最基本的生产资料,也是蚕业科技进步的重要载体。蚕种业的稳定与发展是实现蚕丝业可持续发展的重要基础之一。通过分析近20年我国蚕种生产规模及区域分布、市场供求、生产技术与效率、经营和管理体制的变化与现状,认为我国蚕种生产与经营存在着产能过剩、区域分割、经营规模小、科研与生产脱节、民营化程度低等一系列问题。促进我国蚕种业发展,应该改革和完善蚕种经营管理体制,走市场化、民营化、规模化、一体化和规范化的发展道路。     

谈谈制好蚕种提高质量几个技术关键

蚕种生产是生产资料的生产,也是养好蚕的物质基础.蚕种质量的好与坏,直接影响到蚕桑生产的发展.特别当前全国正在实现四个现代化的大好形势下,蚕桑生产有了新的发展,对蚕种生产提出新的要求,提高蚕种质量,显得更为重要.因此,制好蚕种提高蚕种质量,是当前蚕种生产者的光荣任务,是实现四化的需要,是蚕桑发展的需要.如何制出优质的蚕种,涉及到饲料管理,养蚕和制种技术,以及各个生产环节是否抓好.从历年来的生产实践证明,要制好蚕种,提高蚕种质量,必须首先抓好饲料管理,提高桑叶质量,同时,饲养好原蚕,但有了优质的种茧有时也不一定能制出优质的蚕种,如在制种技     

浅谈提高蚕种质量的综合措施

蚕种是一种特殊商品,是蚕桑生产必不可少的生产资料,蚕种质量优劣不仅影响蚕种生产单位的声誉和效益,还直接影响到蚕农的经济利益。因此繁育高产优质的蚕种,对于促进整个茧丝绸业的健康发展十分重要。笔者根据多年从事蚕种生产经     

强化蚕种质量管理之我见

蚕种是蚕茧生产的重要生产资料,其质量的优劣直接关系到蚕桑生产的发展,尤其是西部地区蚕农的增收和脱贫致富以及农村社会的稳定.因此,随着我国加入WTO,特别是蚕种经营市场的逐渐放开,实行全国大流通、打破原有划区供种模式后,如何加强蚕种质量管理,严把质量关,为蚕区广大蚕农提供优质合格蚕种,保证西部地区蚕桑生产这个农村经济支柱产业,适应市场经济的发展要求尤为重要.为此,笔者就这一问题作一探讨.     

西昌市蚕种场防控微粒子病的做法

<正>西昌市蚕种场地处攀西地区的西昌平原,蚕种场现有自有桑园近500亩,标准化制种蚕房4800m~2,专用小蚕共育室600多m~2,专用冷库100m~2,原蚕基地有4个村共450户养蚕户,年生产桑蚕一代杂交种40多万张,全部原蚕区收茧制种。蚕种是蚕桑生产重要的生产资料,是蚕桑产业发展的基础,蚕种生产是生产资料的生产,蚕种生产一旦出现风险,就会影响蚕     

提高蚕种产量和质量的一点浅见

蚕种是蚕桑生产稳产高产的基础,也是蚕茧生产的主要生产资料。蚕种产量和质量的高低,直接影响到蚕作的丰歉和茧质的好坏,,关系着蚕桑生产的发展。优良的蚕种,孵化齐一,蚁体强健好养,为生产优质高产的蚕茧奠定了可靠的基础。因此,努力提高蚕种产量和质量是确保蚕桑生产稳定和持续发展的关健。正因为如此,我省蚕业主管部门提出了“以质为主、质量并重”的蚕种繁育方针。近年来,我场在党的改革开放总方针的指导下和在省市各业务主管部门的领导下,     

谈江苏省蚕种生产上的问题及意见

<正> 蚕种是蚕桑生产的基本生产资料。江苏省的蚕茧产量1934年突破5万吨,1989年突破了10万吨,蚕种生产随着蚕桑生产的发展,同步成倍增长,基本满足了农村对蚕种的需求。1990年全省生产原原母种1.8万蛾,原原种12.7万蛾,原种12.9万张,普通种(一代杂交种)450万张,比1989年增加了70     

桑蚕良种二级繁育三级制种体系试验初探

正自创立桑蚕良种繁育体系以来,我国桑蚕良种繁育一直采用"三级繁育四级制种"体系繁育各级蚕种。即饲育原原母种进行原原母种继代和生产原原种;饲育原原种生产原种;饲育原种生产一代杂交种。随着城乡经济发展,劳动力及其它生产资料价格大幅上涨,蚕桑生产比较效益急剧下降,蚕种生产数量逐年减少,蚕种生产成本逐年上升。为了减少蚕种生产环节,降低蚕种生产成本,稳定蚕桑丝绸产业,自2014年春蚕期开     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …