改善蚕桑生产环境做好桑树病虫调控治理

启东市从改善蚕桑生产环境着手,研究当前主要桑病虫灾害形成的基础与现今栽桑养蚕等农事操作的相互关系,期望通过蚕桑生产关系的合理调整,保持桑园生态环境的平衡,抑制桑病虫成灾进程,达到预防灾害的目的。     

浙江省桑树病虫调查初报

我省是全国的古老蚕区,桑树栽培历史久远,病虫害种类多,分布广.为了较为详细地了解全省桑树病虫害的种类、分布及主要病虫害的危害情况,为制订桑树病虫防治措施提供依据,我们从1989年开始组织了全省主要蚕桑产区县开展了桑树病虫调查,现将调查情况初报如下.调查方法根据各蚕区蚕桑生产比重,选择具代表性的市县开展调查.一、桑病虫种类、分布调查     

实施综合防治确保桑,茧丰收

近年来,我市桑园农药污染,病虫危害较为严重,,一些危害性很大的新型病虫(如断梢病等)相继传入我市。而桑树病虫害的防治一直是蚕桑生产的薄弱环节,农户单家独户防病治虫与蚕期矛盾突出。因此蚕区普遍存在桑园有病难治,有病不治,任其发展的现象,几种主要桑树害虫(如桑蓟马、桑螟等)猖撅一时,严重威胁着我市蚕桑生产的发展。针对上述情况,我们在上级业务部门的指导和有关单位的密切配合下,     

桑树病虫害防治存在的问题及对策

桑树是蚕桑生产的基础,而桑树病虫害是制约蚕桑产业持续发展的因素之一,本文对铜梁县近年桑树病虫害防治存在的问题进行了剖析。认为改变治虫观念,即化学防治与物理防治相结合,从而提高桑树病虫防治效果、保持生态平衡,这对确保桑叶增产增效、稳步发展蚕桑生产具有重要作用。     

如皋市2012年桑树主要病虫发生特点及防治措施

桑树病虫的发生具有一定的规律,但受气象环境的影响,每年的发生又具有其特点。如皋市2012年桑病虫总体偏重发生,发生期偏早,其中桑螟偏重发生,桑尺蠖重发生,桑疫病偏重发生,桑象虫中等偏重发生,斜纹夜蛾轻发生,桑蓟马中等偏重发生,红蜘蛛中等发生。通过防治技术措施和防治组织措施,有效控制桑病虫的危害,夯实蚕桑生产的基础。     

宁南县桑树病虫害发生现状与防治对策

<正>蚕业是宁南县发展农村地方经济、致富农民的支柱产业。近几年来,我县产业结构大调整,激发了农户栽桑的积极性,大力发展"6215"栽桑模式。生产模式的改变,在相应的技术措施的配套上,特别是桑树病虫防治措施上也要跟上生产发展步伐,否则病虫的为害将成为蚕桑生产中的一大隐患,影响蚕桑生产的稳定。1桑树病虫发生及防治现状病虫害暴发主要有三个条件:桑树、病虫原的存在和生态环境。桑树是一个载体,病虫原是     

当前桑田用药存在的问题及对策

桑树病虫害防治是保证蚕桑生产稳产高产的重要措施。在桑树病虫害防治工作中,农药以对病虫作用快,效果好容易被蚕农接受,生产上经常大面积使用农药防控桑树病虫害的发生和流行。特别是近几年来对桑树病虫害农药防治技术的研究和推广应用,对控制桑树病虫害发生和流行取得显著成效。但是,农药是把双刃剑,     

镇江市桑树病虫害的发生与防治

镇江地处宁镇丘陵山区,随着蚕桑生产技术水平的发展,桑树病虫害形成了相对稳定的种群结构和消长规律。本文通过对主 要桑树病虫种类、暴发成因的分析,针对防治中存在的问题,提出了防治对策。     

海安县城东镇桑树病虫害发生特点及防治策略

近年来,由于自然气候因素、害虫抗药性不断增强、生产管理程度弱化等原因,桑树病虫的危害有加重的趋势,病虫害的发生情况每年各有不同,这对做好桑保工作增加了不少难度。本文针对近年来城东镇桑树病虫害发生的现状、发生原因等进行了简要分析,提出了一些切合实际的防治措施,为我县蚕桑生产的可持续发展提供了可靠依据。     

修水县桑树保护工作十年回顾与展望

修水属亚热带湿润季风气候 ,光照充足 ,雨量充沛 ,无霜期长 ,土壤肥沃 ,优越的自然地理条件适宜种桑养蚕。因此 ,悠久的蚕业生产历史 ,广阔的地域分布 ,加之桑树品种的频繁引进 ,在适宜的气候、地貌环境中 ,病虫种类繁多 ,病虫为害成为发展蚕桑生产的重要灾害 ,严重制约了我县“三高”蚕业的稳步发展。我县桑树保护工作经历了一个从无到有的发展过程。自大面积栽桑以来 ,特别是 1991年成立蚕桑局 10年来 ,在上级有关部门的支持和帮助下 ,无论在科技力量的壮大和提高 ,还是生产方面的成就和成果 ,都取得较大的发展和进步。1　我县桑树保护的…     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …