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吉林省是玉米生产大省,为明确吉林省玉米穗期害虫种类、分布及发生情况,2013~2016年对吉林省9个地市,42个县(市/区),累计409个地点的玉米穗期害虫进行系统调查,为玉米穗期害虫的监测预警和制定合理防治策略提供科学依据。调查发现,吉林省玉米穗期有27种有害生物,隶属于3个纲,7个目,18个科。亚洲玉米螟、双斑长跗萤叶甲、叶螨和蚜虫的有虫田率均在80%以上,百株虫量和危害级别较高,是吉林省玉米的主要害虫。美洲黍潜叶蝇、古毒蛾、大青叶蝉、梨剑纹夜蛾、赤角盲蝽、白星花金龟等有虫田率在20%以下,且百株虫量<1头,尚未玉米生产造成威胁。此外,迁飞性害虫黏虫也是玉米穗期重要害虫,棉铃虫是潜在的玉米穗期重要害虫。 相似文献
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皖西麻区是安徽省大麻重点产区,面积大而集中,害虫为害日趋严重。笔者初步调查为害大麻的害虫有30多种,并进行了防治研究,现报道如下。 1、地下害虫地下害虫主要在大麻苗期为害,在我区为害大麻的有地老虎类、金针虫类、蛴螬类和蝼蛄类,以小地老虎和沟金针虫发生量最大,为害最重;蛴螬间发性为害, 相似文献
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玉米生育初期害虫,金针虫类幼虫已广为人知。但近年在北海道各地发生得最多的是夜蛾类幼虫(真野,1977)。本文以北海道东部的旱作地带为调查中心,介绍玉米生育初期害虫的有关种类和主要种类的生态。 相似文献
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海南蔗区甘蔗害虫发生情况及防治对策 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
通过一年对海南甘蔗产区9个县(市)30个乡镇进行害虫调查,发现海南甘蔗害虫共有7目36科58种,其中蜚蠊目1科1种,等翅目1科1种,直翅目5科12种,缨翅目1科1种,半翅目11科14种,鞘翅目8科14种,鳞翅目9科15种。木蠹蛾、条螟、蔗根锯天牛、蔗根象、红尾白螟和异岐蔗蝗对海南甘蔗生产具有潜在威胁的害虫种类。总结了甘蔗苗期、生长中期及后期对各类害虫的防治对策,对指导海南蔗区甘蔗生产具有重要意义。 相似文献
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经过2008年对夏直播花生高产试验中18个小区地下害虫危害花生荚果的调查分析,发现金针虫是危害夏直播花生荚果主要害虫之一。金针虫危害比率大,危害果数可达虫害果数的50.0%~84.05%,平均64.57%,占总果数的14.55%,接近蛴螬危害的2倍;其危害症状与蛴螬明显不同,会严重降低花生产量和品质,虫害果数量与有效产量呈高度负相关关系。因此在生产中应加强对金针虫的防控。 相似文献
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为探明吉林省中西部地区玉米蛾类害虫的种类及组成, 2017~2020年利用高空探照灯逐日诱集蛾类昆虫并分类,阐明各蛾类种群的动态,对蛾类群落多样性进行分析。结果表明,共采集、鉴定玉米蛾类害虫 4科 16种,优势科为夜蛾科,种数占比达 68.75%。明确各种害虫的虫源结构及危害方式,分析 9种种群数量大、可造成危害的关键害虫的种群动态。蛾类群落丰富度随时间的变化呈波浪式, 7月的群落丰富度、群落多样性都较高, 5月、 10月的群落均匀度相对较高。5月、 7月的群落相似性系数最高, 10月与各月的相似性系数都较低。明确各月优势度指数较高的种类,可为此区域蛾类害虫的监测预警与综合治理提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Insect pests are a key constraint to effective utilization of cereal crops in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), with damage caused by these pests in the stores of particular concern. Although a number of approaches have been advanced for control of storage pests of maize, uptake remains a challenge, with effectiveness of some approaches being questionable. We conducted a survey in western Kenya among 330 respondents using face to face interviews and focus group discussions to evaluate farmers' practices, knowledge and perceptions of storage pests of maize, and their current practices in managing such pests as a basis for development of efficient integrated pest management (IPM) approaches for the pests. Majority of the respondents stored maize in traditional granaries, with less than 10% of them using modern improved facilities, mainly due to inability to afford these. Majority of the respondents also cited attack of their stored grains by a number of insect pests, causing about 40% grain losses. The larger grain borer, Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae), and maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), were perceived as the most common and damaging pests. Farmers' perceptions of pests were positively and significantly influenced by level of education and farming experience, indicating that education and experience build farmers' understanding of storage pests. Storing maize in unshelled form seemed to result in less pest attack, although majority of the respondents stored their maize in shelled form. Moreover, local maize varieties were perceived to be resistant to pests. The farmers applied various control methods, with sun-drying being the most popular practice. Usage of pesticides was minimal, mainly due to high costs, lack of information, and unavailability of appropriate and effective products. There were also other cultural methods applied, such as use of smoke and insecticidal plants. The respondents decried lack of training and extension services on storage pests and their management, underscoring the need to develop extension services. The underlying mechanisms of the perceived pest resistance in local varieties of maize and cultural pest management methods need to be established for exploitation in development of effective IPM approaches. There is also need to address the challenges hindering uptake of modern storage and control approaches. 相似文献
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为了有效防控云南布朗山区木薯重要地下害虫的发生与危害,本试验针对性地开展种茎无害化药剂处理的防效评价研究。结果表明:选用环保型杀虫剂48%乐斯本乳油1 000倍液和1.8%阿维菌素乳油2 000倍液的1∶1混合液浸泡木薯种茎5和10 min后种植效果最好,平均出苗率分别由无任何处理对照的62.5%及清水对照的75.0%和75.6%显著提高到96.5%和97.0%,平均虫害率分别由无任何处理对照的56.8%及清水对照的45.0%和44.8%显著下降到6.3%和5.5%,平均产量分别由无任何处理对照的1 11 相似文献
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