日粮中添加凝结芽孢杆菌对仔猪血浆抗氧化指标和肠黏膜生长的影响

试验研究了日粮中添加凝结芽孢杆菌对仔猪血浆抗氧化指标和肠黏膜生长的影响。选取30头体重相近的21日龄健康断奶仔猪随机分为3组(对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组),每组10个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组在基础日粮的基础上分别添加2.0×10~6、2.0×10~7 CFU/g的凝结芽孢杆菌。正试期21 d,试验结束时前腔静脉采血后屠宰取样。结果显示:与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组断奶仔猪血浆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、空肠和回肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值、回肠总蛋白(TP)含量及RNA与DNA的比值均显著提高(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组仔猪血浆丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ组空肠TP含量及TP/DNA显著提高(P<0.05)。在本试验条件下,日粮中添加凝结芽孢杆菌可以提高断奶仔猪的抗氧化能力,促进仔猪肠道黏膜细胞的增殖与更新,从而改善了肠道黏膜形态结构。     

Ultrastructure of the intestinal mucosa in pigs experimentally inoculated with an edema disease-producing strain of Escherichia coli (0139:K12:H1)

The intestinal tissues from 11 pigs orally inoculated with Escherichia coli (E. coli, 0139:K12:H1) were examined by transmission electron microscopy. The colonization of E. coli along the small intestinal mucosa was found in seven principals without any major changes in the enterocytes from day 2 to day 7 after inoculation when the experiment was terminated. Lesions of vessels of the intestinal mucosa could be detected as early as two days after inoculation and persisted until the experiment was terminated. Lesions consisted of endothelial swelling and vacuolation, subendothelial fibrin deposition, perivascular edema, microthrombus formation, endothelial proliferation, and necrosis of the tunica media. The possible pathogenesis of the disease is discussed.     

不同水平玉米赤霉烯酮对断奶母仔猪血清酶、代谢产物和肠道形态的影响

本试验旨在研究不同水平玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)对断奶母仔猪血清酶、代谢产物和肠道形态的影响。选取28日龄平均体重为(14.01±0.86)kg、健康的三元杂交(杜×长×大)雌性断奶仔猪40头,随机分为4组,每组10头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验1组、试验2组和试验3组在基础饲粮中分别添加0.5、1.0和1.5 mg/kg ZEA。预试期10 d,正试期35 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,各试验组的谷草转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶和乳酸脱氢酶活性显著升高(P0.05);试验2组的血清总胆固醇含量显著升高(P0.05);试验3组血清尿素氮和高密度脂蛋白(HDL)含量显著升高(P0.05),血清总蛋白含量则显著降低(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,试验组十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度和隐窝深度都显著增大(P0.05)。试验1组和试验2组十二指肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度值显著提高(P0.05),空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度值显著降低(P0.05),回肠绒毛高度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度值都显著升高(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,试验组十二指肠绒毛高度明显增大且排列疏松无序,小肠腺数量减少,黏膜厚度变薄。4)与对照组相比,试验组空肠绒毛高度增大,小肠腺数量减少,并且试验2组和试验3组空肠上皮脱落固有层裸露。5)与对照组相比,试验1组和试验2组回肠绒毛高度增大且黏膜下层内弥散淋巴细胞增多。由此可见,饲粮中添加ZEA(0.5~1.5 mg/kg)改变了断奶母仔猪的肝脏代谢和肠道的形态结构,进而影响断奶母仔猪的健康生长。     

地衣芽孢杆菌对脂多糖应激仔猪肠道形态、肠黏膜抗氧化能力和免疫力的影响

本试验旨在研究地衣芽孢杆菌对脂多糖(LPS)应激仔猪肠道形态、肠黏膜抗氧化能力和免疫力的影响。试验选用35日龄、平均体重为(10.0±0.5)kg的苏山猪90头,随机分成3组(对照组、LPS组和BL+LPS组),每组3个重复,每个重复10头仔猪。其中,对照组和LPS组仔猪均饲喂基础饲粮;BL+LPS组仔猪饲喂添加500 mg/kg地衣芽孢杆菌的基础饲粮。预试期3 d,正试期21 d,于正试期第21天从每个重复中选2头仔猪腹腔注射LPS(LPS组和BL+LPS组)或等量的灭菌生理盐水(对照组),注射24 h后屠宰取样。结果显示:1)与对照组相比,LPS应激显著降低了仔猪十二指肠二胺氧化酶(DAO)、空肠一氧化氮合成酶(NOS)活性及空肠一氧化氮(NO)含量(P<0.05),显著提高了血浆中NO含量和NOS活性(P<0.05);显著降低了空肠绒毛高度和绒隐比、回肠绒隐比(P<0.05);显著降低了十二指肠、空肠和回肠谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH⁃Px)、十二指肠和回肠超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性(P<0.05);显著降低了空肠上皮细胞中淋巴细胞、空肠和回肠上皮细胞中杯状细胞数量(P<0.05);显著降低了血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量,提高了回肠黏膜白细胞介素-6(IL⁃6)和白细胞介素-1β(IL⁃1β)含量(P<0.05)。2)与LPS组相比,饲粮添加地衣芽孢杆菌显著提高了LPS应激仔猪回肠DAO和NOS活性(P<0.05);显著提高了空肠黏膜GSH⁃Px活性显著提高(P<0.05),显著降低了十二指肠黏膜丙二醛(MDA)含量(P<0.05);显著提高了血清IgG含量(P<0.05)。由此可见,LPS应激导致仔猪肠黏膜损伤,在饲粮中添加地衣芽孢杆菌可提高LPS应激仔猪的肠黏膜抗氧化能力和免疫力,一定程度上促进肠道形态的修复,减缓LPS应激导致的肠道损伤。     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸灌胃对超早期断奶仔猪血浆中游离氨基酸及小肠形态结构与功能的影响

本试验旨在研究N-乙酰半胱氨酸(N-acetylcysteine,NAC)灌胃对超早期断奶仔猪血浆中游离氨基酸、小肠形态结构及功能的影响。将22头体重为(2.99±0.41)kg的7日龄断奶仔猪随机分为对照组和NAC组,每组11个重复,每个重复1头猪。在饲喂人工乳的基础上,NAC组每天每头按50 mg/kg体重进行NAC灌胃,对照组每天每头进行同体积的生理盐水灌胃。于试验第11天按0.1 g/kg体重的剂量给仔猪灌服D-木糖溶液,1 h后前腔静脉采血,然后屠宰取小肠组织样,刮取肠黏膜及制作组织切片。结果表明:与对照组相比,NAC组显著提高了超早期断奶仔猪平均日增重(P0.05);提高了超早期断奶仔猪血浆中谷氨酰胺、胱氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸水平(P0.05),降低了血浆中尿素氮、半胱氨酸、色氨酸水平和二胺氧化酶活力(P0.05);NAC灌胃提高了哺乳仔猪十二指肠黏膜的绒毛高度/隐窝深度(P0.05),有降低十二指肠隐窝深度的趋势(P0.10),有提高空肠绒毛宽度和回肠绒毛高度的趋势(P0.10)。在本试验条件下,NAC灌胃可改善小肠形态结构与屏障功能,提高氨基酸的利用率,调节血浆中部分氨基酸的含量。     

不同锌源对母羊和羔羊体液免疫及羔羊肠道黏膜组织形态和免疫的影响

本试验旨在研究妊娠母羊饲粮中添加不同锌源对母羊和羔羊体液免疫及羔羊肠道组织形态、黏膜免疫功能的影响.选取体重(38.1±9.7)kg、胎次(第2～3胎)相近的怀双羔湘东黑山羊21只,随机分为3组,每组7个重复,每个重复1只羊.各组分别在基础饲粮中添加60 mg/kg的硫酸锌、蛋氨酸螯合锌和甘氨酸螯合锌.基础饲粮中锌含量...     

Effects of dietary supplementation of Chinese medicinal herbs on polymorphonuclear neutrophil immune activity and small intestinal morphology in weanling pigs

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary Chinese medicinal herbs (CMH) supplementation composed of Panax ginseng, Dioscoreaceae opposite, Atractylodes macrocephala, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Ziziphus jujube and Platycodon grandiflorum, on the performance, intestinal tract morphology and immune activity in weanling pigs. Two hundred and forty weaned pigs were assigned randomly to four dietary groups including the negative control (basal diet), 0.1% CMH, 0.3% CMH and 0.114% antibiotic (Chlortetracycline calcium Complex, Sulfathiazole and Procaine Penicillin G) supplementation groups for a 28-day feeding trial. Results indicated that both CMH supplementation groups had a better gain and feed/gain than control group (CT) during the first 2 weeks of the experimental period. The 0.3% CMH had a significant decrease in the diarrhoea score in first 10 days of experimental period when compared with other groups. The CMH supplementation groups had a higher villous height, increased lactobacilli counts in digesta of ileum and decreased coliform counts in colon compared with CT. The immune activities of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs), including the respiratory burst and Salmonella-killing ability, were significantly enhanced in CMH supplementation groups at day 7 of experiment period. The CMH and antibiotic supplementations increased the nutrient digestibility such as dietary dry matter, crude protein and gross energy in weanling pigs. In conclusion, the dietary CMH supplementation improved intestinal morphology and immune activities of PMNs, thus giving rise to nutrient digestibility and reduce diarrhoea frequency in weanling pigs.     

The influence of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 pufa) on lactobacilli adhesion to the intestinal mucosa and on immunity in gnotobiotic piglets

The effect of application of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFA) on intestinal colonization by Lactobacillus paracasei and on cellular immunity has been investigated in gnotobiotic pigs. The administration of polyunsaturated fatty acids positively affected the adhesion of Lactobacillus paracasei to the jejunal mucosa of gnotobiotic piglets. When compared to the control group, the number of Lactobacillus paracasei adhering to the jejunal mucosa was by 12% higher in piglets of the experimental group (5.10 log 10/cm2 vs. 4.55 log 10/cm2). The respective counts of Lactobacillus paracasei adhering to the ileal and colonic mucosa of 28 day old gnotobiotic piglets reached 4.45 and 5.05 log 10/cm2 in group C and 4.44 and 4.95 log 10/cm2 in group E. Omega-3 PUFA supplementation increased the phagocytic activity of neutrophils by almost 100% on day 28 of life as well as the subpopulations of lymphocytes (CD8) in the peripheral blood of germ-free piglets on day 21 of life. Our results indicate that the action of probiotics in the gut may be modulated by dietary PUFA. The stimulatory effect of PUFA upon adhesion of lactobacilli could be used for enhancing the effectiveness of probiotics in inhibiting digestive tract pathogens.     

五味止痢合剂对大肠杆菌致小鼠腹泻的治疗作用

【目的】研究五味止痢合剂对大肠杆菌致小鼠腹泻的治疗效果。【方法】 选择4周龄清洁级ICR小鼠，分为空白对照组(BC)、模型对照组(MC)、五味止痢合剂高(W-H)、中(W-M)、低剂量组(W-L)和盐酸环丙沙星药物对照组(CPFX)。每组20只，除BC组外均腹腔注射大肠杆菌，构建小鼠腹泻模型，建模5 h后，W-H、W-M、W-L组小鼠分别灌胃25、20、15 mL/kg BW五味止痢合剂(相当于生药2.5、2.0、1.5 g/kg BW)，CPFX组小鼠灌胃盐酸环丙沙星20 mL/kg BW，MC组和BC组灌胃等量生理盐水，2次/d，连用5 d。停药后14 d计算腹泻率和保护率。另取100只小鼠按照上述方法分组和给药，分别于给药后第2天，停药后第1、7和14天采集十二指肠和空肠。HE染色观察各组十二指肠黏膜层形态，采用ELISA试剂盒测定空肠分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)和十二指肠α-干扰素(IFN-α)和白介素-4(IL-4)细胞因子的含量，采用免疫组织化学法检测十二指肠黏膜修复因子增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)和转化生长因子-α(TGF-α)表达情况。【结果】 在停药后第14天，W-H和W-M组腹泻保护率分别高达95%和90%，死亡率均为0，均与CPFX组相当。在治疗过程中，W-H、W-M组小鼠小肠绒毛逐步趋于完整，淋巴细胞浸润逐渐减少，黏膜形态逐步趋于正常。W-H、W-M和CPFX组的空肠sIgA含量均显著高于MC组(P<0.05)。与MC组比较，在停药后第1、7和14天各给药组均能显著抑制空肠黏膜IFN-α的分泌(P<0.05)，显著提升IL-4的分泌(P<0.05);在停药后第14天，W-H组IFN-α和IL-4含量与BC组接近。在停药后第1和7天，W-H和CPFX组肠道修复因子PCNA表达量显著高于MC组(P<0.05);在停药后第1天，W-H和CPFX组肠道修复因子TGF-α表达量显著高于MC组(P<0.05)，在停药后第7天W-H和CPFX组TGF-α表达与MC组相比无显著差异(P>0.05);在停药后第14天各组间PCNA和TGF-α的表达均无显著差异(P>0.05)。【结论】 2.5 g/kg BW五味止痢合剂灌胃给药能显著控制大肠杆菌引起的小鼠腹泻，保护率达95%。其主要通过显著提升空肠灌洗液中sIgA的含量，充分激活免疫细胞，调节肠道黏膜分泌的细胞因子IFN-α和IL-4，有效抑制肠道炎症反应，刺激肠道黏膜修复因子PCNA和TGF-α的表达发挥治疗作用。     

α-酮戊二酸对LPS慢性应激仔猪小肠黏膜形态与功能的影响

为了探讨α-酮戊二酸(AKG)能否缓解LPS慢性应激导致的仔猪小肠黏膜损伤及其机理,本试验研究了AKG对LPS慢性应激仔猪的小肠黏膜形态、血浆D-木糖的含量、血浆和小肠黏膜二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性及小肠黏膜mTOR及磷酸化的mTOR表达量的影响.18头(24±1)日龄健康断奶仔猪随机分成3个处理组(空白对照组、应激对照组、AKG组),每个处理6个重复.各组基础日粮一致,空白对照组和应激对照组饲喂基础日粮+1%淀粉,AKG组饲喂基础日粮+1%AKG.试验期为16 d.应激对照组和AKG组仔猪分别于第10、12、14和16天腹膜注射80μg·kg~(-1)BW的LPS,空白对照组注射相应剂量的灭菌生理盐水.第16天注射LPS 2 h后,按0.1g·kg~(-1)BW的剂量给仔猪灌服D-木糖溶液,注射LPS 3 h后,前腔静脉采血.第17天屠宰取小肠组织样,刮取肠黏膜及制作组织切片.结果表明:(1)与空白对照组相比,应激对照组十二指肠、空肠和回肠黏膜绒毛高度/隐窝深度、空肠和回肠磷酸化mTOR/mTOR(P-mTOR/mTOR)显著降低(P<0.05),血浆DAO活性显著升高(P<0.05).(2)与应激对照组相比,AKG组十二指肠、空肠和回肠黏膜绒毛高度/隐窝深度、空肠黏膜DAO活性、血浆D-木糖及十二指肠、空肠和回肠黏膜P-mTOR/mTOR显著升高(P<0.05).结果显示,日粮中添加1%AKG可在一定程度上改善仔猪的小肠组织学形态和吸收功能,缓解LPS慢性应激导致的仔猪小肠黏膜损伤,这与mTOR信号通路有关.     

Experimentally induced porcine proliferative enteritis in specific-pathogen-free pigs

Thirty-three, 10-week-old, specific-pathogen-free pigs were randomly allotted to 3 treatment groups: group 1--intragastrically given homogenized intestinal mucosa (crude inoculum) from pigs with naturally occurring proliferative enteritis; group 2--given cultures of Campylobacter sputorum subsp mucosalis; and group 3--controls. One pig from each group was killed 4, 7, 10, 14, 18, 21, 24, 28, 31, 36, and 38 days after inoculation. The earliest intestinal lesion observed in groups 1 and 2 was leukocytic exudate within crypt lumina and focal inflammation of the surrounding lamina propria. The lesions occurred primarily over ileal aggregated lymphoid nodules (Peyer's patches). These changes were followed by focal proliferation of immature crypt epithelial cells and infiltration of increasing numbers of macrophages into the lamina propria. Campylobacter sp-like organisms were observed within the cytoplasm of affected epithelial cells by light and electron microscopies. Lesions progressed to diffuse crypt cell proliferation, elongation of crypts, and loss of villi. Mucosal necrosis was not a prominent feature.     

Effect of orally administered epidermal growth factor on the jejunal mucosa of weaned pigs

The effect of ingested epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the small intestinal mucosa of conventionally weaned pigs was determined. At 21 days of age, 39 pigs were randomly distributed into suckling and weaned treatment groups that were administered 124 micrograms of EGF, 372 micrograms of EGF, or the dosing compound daily. Fecal water content was determined daily. On postweaning days 0, 3, 6, and 9, representative pigs from each group were euthanatized, and jejunal mucosa samples were collected for determination of villus-to-crypt ratio, total protein content, disaccharidase activities, and microbiological populations. At postweaning day 3, the 372-micrograms dose of EGF significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) increased jejunal lactase and sucrase activities in the weaned pigs. Increased lactase activity was not greater than that of the suckling pig controls, whereas sucrase activity was significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) higher than that of the suckling pig controls. Significant changes were not observed in villus-to-crypt ratio, mucosal protein content, or disaccharidase activities on other collection days.     

Effect of glutamine and spray-dried plasma on growth performance, small intestinal morphology, and immune responses of Escherichia coli K88+-challenged weaned pigs

Forty weaned barrows (5.32 +/- 0.3 kg BW) at 17 +/- 2 d of age were used to investigate the effects of feeding glutamine and spray-dried plasma on the growth performance, small intestinal morphology, and immune responses of Escherichia coli K88-challenged pigs. Pigs were allotted to four treatments including: 1) nonchallenged control (NONC); 2) challenged control (CHAC); 3) 7% (as-fed basis) spray-dried plasma (SDP); and 4) 2% (as-fed basis) glutamine (GLN). On d 11 after weaning, all pigs were fitted with an indwelling jugular catheter. On d 12 after weaning, pigs in the CHAC, SDP, and GLN groups were orally challenged with skim milk E. coli K88 culture, whereas pigs in the NONC group were orally inoculated with sterilized skim milk. Rectal temperatures and fecal diarrheic scores were recorded and blood samples collected at 0 (baseline), 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h after the challenge for serum hormone and cytokine measurements. At 48 h postchallenge, all pigs were killed for evaluation of small intestinal morphology. There was no effect of feeding SDP or GLN on growth performance during the 11-d prechallenge period (P = 0.13). At 48 h after the challenge, CHAC pigs had decreased ADG (P = 0.08) and G:F (P = 0.07) compared with the NONC pigs; however, SDP and NONC pigs did not differ in G:F, and GLN and NONC pigs did not differ for ADG and G:F. At 6, 36, and 48 h after the challenge, CHAC, SDP, and GLN pigs had increased rectal temperature relative to the baseline (P = 0.09). At 12 and 36 h after the challenge, CHAC pigs had the highest incidence of diarrhea among treatments (P = 0.08). Serum IL-6 and ACTH were not affected by treatment or time after E. coli challenge (P = 0.11). In proximal, midjejunum, and ileum, CHAC pigs had greater villous atrophy and intestinal morphology disruption than NONC pigs (P < 0.01), whereas SDP and GLN pigs had mitigated villous atrophy and intestinal morphology impairment after E. coli challenge. Pigs in the SDP had the lowest GH at 12 h and the greatest GH at 36 h after the challenge among treatments (P = 0.08). Pigs in the NONC had the highest IGF-1 at 12 and 36 h postchallenge (P < 0.04). These results indicate that feeding glutamine has beneficial effects in alleviating growth depression of E. coli K88-challenged pigs, mainly via maintaining intestinal morphology and function, and/or possibly via modulating the somatotrophic axis.     

基于转录组测序分析研究枸芪多糖对育肥猪肠黏膜免疫功能的作用机理

本试验旨在研究枸芪多糖对育肥猪肠黏膜免疫调控的关键基因,阐明其对肠黏膜免疫功能的可能作用机理.选用80～90日龄的健康育肥母猪180头,随机分为2组,每组6个重复,每个重复15头猪.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加0.1％的枸芪多糖,试验期90 d.采集育肥猪的空肠肠段,提取RNA后进行转录组测序分析差异免疫...     

Effects of Recombinant E. coli Expressing Heat-stable Enterotoxin on Intestinal Morphology and Antioxidant Capacity in Seven Days old Piglets

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of recombinant E.coli expressing heat-stable enterotoxin(STa) on intestinal absorption and barrier function, intestinal morphology and antioxidant capacity of 7 days old piglets. Twenty-four 7 days old piglets were allotted to four treatments:control group (artificial milk), STa group (artificial milk +2×10⁹ CFU E.coli LMG194-pBAD-STa), LMG194 group (artificial milk +2×10⁹ CFU E.coli LMG194), and K88 group (artificial milk +2×10⁹ CFU E.coli K88).The pigs were treated with E.coli on the 5th day and slaughtered on the 7th day. The results showed that, compared with the control group, villus height in jejunum, ileum and duodenum, crypt depth and villus height/crypt depth in duodenum, and small intestine villi surface area were significantly decreased in STa group (P<0.05). The activities of catalase (CAT) in ileum and colon, total nitric oxide synthase (TNOS) in serum, ileum, jejunum and colon, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon were significantly decreased in STa group (P<0.05). STa group also had a higher levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in serum (P<0.05). These results suggested that recombinant E.coli expressing STa could lead to intestinal injury and oxidative stress of 7 days old piglets.     

表达耐热肠毒素的重组大肠杆菌对7日龄仔猪肠道形态结构及抗氧化功能的影响

试验旨在研究表达耐热肠毒素（STa）的重组大肠杆菌对7日龄仔猪肠道形态结构及抗氧化功能的影响。选取24头7日龄仔猪,随机分在4个日粮处理组,分别为对照组（人工乳）,STa组（人工乳+2×10⁹ CFU重组菌LMG194-pBAD-STa）,LMG194组（人工乳+2×10⁹ CFU大肠杆菌LMG194）,K88组（人工乳+2×10⁹ CFU大肠杆菌K88）。试验第5天进行攻毒,第7天屠宰取样,测量小肠黏膜的绒毛高度和隐窝深度,检测空肠、回肠、结肠及血清中的过氧化氢酶（CAT）、总一氧化氮合成酶（TNOS）与诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）的活力及血清中丙二醛（MDA）与过氧化氢（H₂O₂）的含量。试验结果表明,与对照组相比,STa组仔猪各肠段绒毛高度均显著降低（P<0.05）,十二指肠隐窝深度及绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值显著降低（P<0.05）,十二指肠、空肠、回肠绒毛表面积显著降低（P<0.05）;同时,STa组回肠、结肠CAT活力显著降低,血清、空肠、回肠和结肠中的TNOS活力显著降低（P<0.05）,STa组结肠iNOS活力显著降低（P<0.05）,STa组血清中的MDA与H₂O₂含量显著提高（P<0.05）。结果显示,表达STa的重组大肠杆菌可导致7日龄仔猪肠道结构损伤和抗氧化能力下降。     

玉米赤霉烯酮中毒大鼠卵巢组织Bax和Bcl-2的表达

10周龄SD大鼠单剂量腹腔注射5mg／kg玉米赤霉烯酮玉米油溶液，分别于3、6、12、24、48h时剖杀取卵巢组织，检测不同时间卵巢组织Bax和Bcl-2的表达。结果显示，病理组织学观察发现卵巢组织出现不同程度损伤，卵泡颗粒细胞发生凋亡。免疫组化SP法试验组与对照组卵巢组织中均有Bax和Bcl-2的表达，并且随着时间的推进呈现动态变化。Bax在3、6、12h时表达量上调，表达量与对照组比较差异显著（P〈0．05），24、48h时表达量下降，与对照组比较差异不显著（P〉O．05）。3～48h卵巢组织中Bcl-2表达量与对照组比较差异不显著（P〉0．05）。结果表明，大鼠玉米赤霉烯酮中毒可引起卵巢组织的病变及颗粒细胞凋亡，且Bax在玉米赤霉烯酮中毒大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡中起着重要作用，Bcl-2的作用不明显。     

Dehydrogenase activity in small intestine mucosa in experimental coccidiosis in suckling pigs]

The activities of 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (EC. 1.1.1.30.; HBD) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC. 1.1.1.41; ICD) were evaluated microdensitometrically in the mucosa of duodenum, jejunum and ileum of 19 conventional piglets infected on the first day after parturition (DAP) with oocysts of Eimeria debliecki coccidium (infection dose of 200,000 oocysts). The two investigated enzymes are deposited in mitochondria which are dispersed in the supra-, para- and infranuclear region of absorption cells (Fig. 1). The synthesis of the two dehydrogenases was investigated in the small intestine mucosa in the period of 1st to 10th day after infection (DAI). The HBD and ICD activities were also followed in the small intestine of four control conventional piglets at the age of 2-5 days (Tab. I). The two dehydrogenases could be characterized by a topographic gradient; it means that their activity was increasing in the small intestine mucosa through duodenum in an aboral direction. The ICD activity is higher in the intestinal mucosa of healthy piglets (Figs. 2 and 3), where its topic concentration was more marked while the HBD activity is dispersed in enterocytes (Fig. 4). In infected piglets the density of the two enzymes was demonstrated to decrease already in the starting period of experimental infection, and it reaches the lowest values for the first time on DAI 5-6 (Fig. 5, Tab. II), then on DAIs 9 (HBD; Fig. 6, graph 11)) or 8 (ICD, Fig. 7 and 10). In the period of experimental infection no statistically significant predisposition to the hypoactivity of target dehydrogenases nor its marked shift were observed. Somewhat rapid resumption of synthesis was demonstrated as soon as on DAI 8 in ICD (Fig. 8); its activity on DAI 10 in the intestinal mucosa corresponded to the 93% activity of this dehydrogenase recorded in the small intestine of control piglets. The density of HBD to the same day (DAI 10) reached in the intestinal mucosa of infected piglets the values making only 44.7% of those demonstrated in the intestinal mucosa of the control group of animals.     

The Effect of Dietary Sulphate Copper Supplementation on Growth Performance, Intestinal Digestive Enzymes and Absorptive Transporters in Weanling Pigs

The experiment was conducted to assess the effects of dietary supplementation of Cu on the growth performance,digestive enzymes,tissue minerals and absorptive transporters in small intestinal mucosa of weanling pigs.One hundred crossbred pigs weaned at 28±2 d of age were assigned randomly to one of the following diets with 5 replicates:corn-soybean basal diet with 10,100,175,250 mg/kg of Cu as CuSO4·5H2O.The results showed that 250 mg/kg Cu had a positive effect (P0.05) on average daily gain,daily feed intake and ratio of gain/feed.Compared to 10 mg/kg Cu,higher Cu had significant effect on the apparent digestibility of protein and fat (P0.05).The supplementing of Cu improved amylase and lipase activity in jejunum content and lipase in pancreas (P0.05) and had no effect on intestinal morphology.The liver Cu elevated approximately 4-fold in pigs fed diet with 250 mg/kg Cu compared with pigs fed diet with 10 mg/kg Cu,no increases were observed in pigs receiving the lower level of Cu (100 and 175 mg/kg).Both Fe and Zn contents in kidney and liver were not affected by Cu supplementation.There was no positive effect (P0.05) of Cu supplementation on PepT1 (peptide transporter 1) and SGLT1 (sodium/glucose cotransporter) mRNA abundance in intestinal mucosa.However,higher supplementing level (250 mg/kg) significantly elevated the DMT1 (divalent metal transporter) mRNA abundance in duodenum mucosa.These results suggested that dietary supplementation with 250 mg/kg Cu could improve growth performance,nutrient digestibility and intestinal enzyme activities of weanling pigs.