球孢白僵菌对桃蚜的毒力测定

球孢白僵菌（Ｂｅａｕｗｅｒｉａｂａｓｓｉａｎａ）的６个菌株（ｂｂｓｇ８７０２、ｂｂｓｇ８７０１、ｂｂ－ｓｇ８８０１、ｂｂｄｎｕ８８０３、ｂｂｄｎ８８０４和ｂｂｄｎ８８０６）对桃蚜（Ｍｙｚｕｓｐｅｒｓｉｃａｅ）的生物测定证明,所测朱对桃蚜具有毒力。运用时间－剂量－死亡率模分析死亡率随时间和剂量的变化趋势,菌株ｂｂｓｇ８７０２对桃蚜的毒力最强,其次是ｂｂｓｇ８８０１、ｂｂｄｎ８８０６、ｂｂｄｎ８８０４     

十种常用农药与球孢白僵菌的生物学相容性

球孢白僵菌孢子粉与10种常用农药相容性的测定结果显示,随着孢子浓度上升,所试农药对孢子的抑制作用均有不同程度的增强。在1/10田间常规使用浓度下,百菌清和代森锰锌均能抑制或杀死孢子(萌发率<1％)。除阿维菌素外,所有杀虫剂均与白僵菌孢子相容,在常规使用浓度的10倍稀释液中孢子萌发率达90％以上。吡虫啉、蚜虱灵、灭多威和氟虫腈与孢子的相容性最好,其中吡虫啉和蚜虱灵对孢子萌发率的影响不明显随药剂浓度的变化而变化,即使在田间常规使用浓度下孢子萌发率也在95％以上,而阿维菌素与白僵菌的相容性极差。因此,应用白僵菌制剂防治害虫,选择生物学相容性好的农药以低剂量与白僵菌制剂混用,既可使菌剂增效,又可大幅度降低化学药剂用量。     

5种常用农药与生防菌球孢白僵菌的相容性研究

为研究农药与生防真菌球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana BBON01的相容性,测定了5种常见农药噻虫啉、四氯虫酰胺、双丙环虫酯、氯虫苯甲酰胺和咯菌腈对球孢白僵菌孢子萌发、菌丝生长及产孢量的影响。结果表明:亚致死浓度和次亚致死浓度的双丙环虫酯对孢子萌发无影响;致死浓度、亚致死浓度和次亚致死浓度的双丙环虫酯,次亚致死浓度的噻虫啉对菌丝生长无影响;致死浓度、亚致死浓度的双丙环虫酯,次亚致死浓度的噻虫啉和四氯虫酰胺对产孢量无影响;而上述药剂的其他试验浓度以及其他供试药剂的各试验浓度对球孢白僵菌的孢子萌发、菌丝生长及产孢量均具显著抑制作用。综合比较得出,供试药剂中与球孢白僵菌相容性最佳的是双丙环虫酯,在其致死浓度、亚致死浓度、次亚致死浓度下,孢子萌发率分别为91.67%、95.00%、96.33%,菌落直径分别为5.97、5.90、6.03 cm,产孢量分别为13.82×10⁷、13.74×10⁷、13.93×10⁷个孢子/m L。研究结果可为田间混用球孢白僵菌与农药防治病虫害提供参考。     

不同的球孢白僵菌对草地螟的毒力测定

用16个分离自内蒙古地区的球孢白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)菌株对草地螟(Loxostege sticticalis L.)幼虫的致病力作了室内测定.结果表明,16个菌株对草地螟幼虫均表现出一定的致病率,但毒力强弱有所不同.通过对16个菌株进行毒力测定,筛选出1个毒力相对较强,有效死亡率(僵虫率)仍较高的菌株S3.同一个菌株处理下,草地螟幼虫的累积死亡率随孢子浓度增加而上升,接种后的幼虫死亡数逐日减少.说明累积死亡率是随着处理后时间的延长而递升;菌株的半死亡时间(LT50)随浓度的增加而减小.     

球孢白僵菌可湿性粉剂对马铃薯甲虫的防治效果

从受感染的马铃薯甲虫Leptinotarsa decemlineata（Say）分离出菌株1513,经鉴定为球孢白僵菌Beauveriabassiana（菌种保藏号为ACCC32222）。为了评价其对马铃薯甲虫的防治潜力,本研究测定了不同浓度白僵菌对不同龄期马铃薯甲虫幼虫的毒力作用。结果表明,在室温条件下（22～28℃）,处理9 d时1～2龄幼虫的僵虫率与孢子浓度成正比,其LC50为3.09×107孢子mL 1;处理8 d时,对3～4龄幼虫的LC50为9.92×107孢子mL 1;而孢子浓度为1×107孢子mL 1时,虫卵未受到明显的抑制。田间施菌2250 g hm 2时,在新疆新源县的防治效果较好,18 d时98.87%的虫体落地,地表僵虫率为53.91%;而在新疆尼勒克县,仅在土壤中发现僵虫,僵虫率为19.61%。     

常用杀虫剂与球孢白僵菌的相容性及对温室白粉虱的协同防效

本试验测定6种常用杀虫剂对球孢白僵菌孢子萌发、菌丝生长和产孢量的影响,并选取相容性高的杀虫剂在10倍稀释浓度下与球孢白僵菌复配对温室白粉虱进行防治。结果表明,球孢白僵菌与10%吡虫啉WP的相容性最高,而与2.5%联苯菊酯EC和20%高氯·噻嗪酮EC相容性较差,在10倍稀释浓度下10%吡虫啉WP对孢子萌发和菌丝生长的抑制率分别为12%和3.38%,产孢量为1.94×106个/mL。对白粉虱协同防效试验中,3个处理间存在显著差异,复配药剂的防效最高能达到85.19%,在防治3d后一直维持在80%以上,高于单独使用球孢白僵菌制剂和10%吡虫啉WP的防效。因此,在温室白粉虱的防治过程中,可利用生防真菌制剂与低浓度的化学杀虫剂复配,从而达到增效作用。     

球孢白僵菌对稻水象甲成虫的毒力测定

稻水象甲Lissorhoptrus Oryzphilus Kuschel是我国检疫性水稻害虫,主要以幼虫食根致害。化学防治是该虫田间治理的主要途径,但由于其施药时间较早(一般在移栽后2周内),不利于稻田早期天敌群落的建立,故有必要探讨其它治理途径。在生物防治方面,国     

不同温度下球孢白僵菌对桃蚜的毒力

室内测定了２８、２１、１６和１１℃下球孢白僵菌对桃蚜成蚜的毒力运用时间＝剂量－死亡率模型分析了各温度折合和对桃蚜的毒力。结果表明,２８和２１℃下,桃蚜开始死亡的时间较早,而且很快达到较高死亡率。包子／ｍｌ浓度下,桃蚜接菌后３～４天开始死亡,第６天死亡率达１００％。在２１℃下,白僵菌对桃蚜的致死力比２８℃下更强。用同样浓度处理,在１６和１１℃下,桃蚜分别在接菌后么２天和第１１天开始死亡,第１０天和第     

球孢白僵菌脂肪酸、酯酶、脂肪酶及其与毒力的关系

研究12株球孢白僵菌脂肪酸、酯酶和脂肪酶的产生水平及菌株对马尾松毛虫毒力间的关系。结果表明：酯酶产生水平（E）、脂肪酶产生水平（L）及豆蔻酸百分含量（X）等与白僵菌菌株对马尾松毛虫的毒力（LT50）间存在一定的相关性，其相关方程分别为：LT50=2．0931/（lgE-5．1165）＋0．4091；LT50=-6．68L^2＋31．9886L；LT50=13．5192-8．7042X。     

球孢白僵菌与5种农药的相容性及其对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的联合毒力

本文室内评价了5种防治韭菜迟眼蕈蚊常用化学农药(辛硫磷、噻虫嗪、噻虫胺、高效氯氟氰菊酯和高效氯氰菊酯)与高毒力球孢白僵菌YB8的相容性,并测定了菌药联合使用对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的毒力效果。结果表明不同浓度的5种农药对菌株YB8生长均有一定的影响。其中噻虫嗪和噻虫胺在供试浓度下对孢子萌发无显著影响,5 d时能促进菌株YB8菌落生长,且随着浓度降低促进作用加强(抑制率为-2.26%~-15.69%),10 d时对菌株YB8生长略有抑制作用(抑制率为0.29%~8.33%);高效氯氟氰菊酯(16.7 mg/L)和高效氯氰菊酯高浓度(30 mg/L)均对孢子萌发有抑制作用(孢子萌发率分别为86.87%、86.82%),而低浓度(1.67、3 mg/L)则促进孢子萌发(孢子萌发率分别为124.96%、104.10%);二者不同浓度对菌落生长均有一定的影响,其中高效氯氰菊酯在低浓度3 mg/L时,5和10 d的菌落生长抑制率分别为-32.64%和-13.11%;辛硫磷与菌株YB8相容性差,随着浓度增加,孢子萌发率明显降低,菌落生长明显受到抑制。5种农药与菌株YB8联合使用的生物测定结果表明,联合作用时农药的LC50值降低,菌株YB8对韭蛆的LT50缩短。因此,生产上推荐菌株YB8与噻虫嗪和噻虫胺联合使用,而避免与高浓度辛硫磷、高效氯氟氰菊酯和高效氯氰菊酯联合使用。     

Potential of a strain of Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) for the control of the potato tuberworm,Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller)

The potato tuberworm, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), is one of the most important pests of potato, Solanum tuberosum L., worldwide. We evaluated six Beauveria bassiana strains with potential for control of larvae. Strain SD was the most virulent, causing up to 98% mortality 10 days after inoculation of first instars. The other tested strains (HL, XJ, SC, JL and GZ) were only marginally virulent compared to the controls. In cage trials, SD strain applied to potato plants significantly reduced the survival of tuberworm larvae. Our results suggest that strain SD may be recommended for effective biological control of P. operculella.     

庚醛与桉叶油醇组合对马铃薯块茎蛾产卵选择的影响

马铃薯块茎蛾(Phthorimaea operculella)是世界上为害马铃薯最严重的害虫之一,本研究利用桉叶油醇与庚醛驱避-引诱组合对其产卵行为进行调控,以探究最佳驱避-引诱组合规律及影响因素。在室内条件(27±1℃,L∥D=14h∥10h,RH:50%~70%)测定了桉叶油醇与庚醛单组分及两种组分驱避-引诱组合对马铃薯块茎蛾产卵选择的影响。桉叶油醇在6~12mg/L浓度范围内对马铃薯块茎蛾表现为产卵引诱作用,在18~30mg/L浓度范围内则表现为产卵驱避作用;庚醛在6~30mg/L浓度范围内对马铃薯块茎蛾表现为产卵驱避效果。将对马铃薯块茎蛾产卵行为引诱效果较好的桉叶油醇(3,6,12 mg/L)与驱避效果较好的庚醛(12,18,24mg/L)进行引诱-驱避组合,12mg/L庚醛与3mg/L桉叶油醇push-pull组合效果最好,push-pull效应达36.6%。对马铃薯块茎蛾产卵行为调控最佳的驱避-引诱组合为最低驱避浓度(12mg/L庚醛)与最低引诱(3mg/L桉叶油醇)浓度组合。产卵选择指数和push-pull效应与交配率、单雌产卵量不具有相关性,但是浓度变化可以导致交配率和单雌产卵量的变化。     

2株感染蠼螋的球孢白僵菌的分离鉴定及对草地贪夜蛾的毒力

对采自玉米田自然罹病蠼螋成虫上的病原菌进行分离培养,结合形态学和rDNA-ITS序列分析,对分离纯化获得的2株病原菌进行生物学特性测定及种类鉴定,并采用浸渍法测定了2株病原菌对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的毒力。结果表明,从自然罹病的2头蠼螋分离获得的病原菌均为球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana,编号为YY-1和HNC-1。在25℃下,YY-1和HNC-1菌株在SDAY培养基上菌落直径日增长速率分别为(3.06±0.20)mm/d和(4.57±0.23)mm/d,培养第15天时产孢量分别为(5.20±1.06)×10~7个/cm~2和(1.83±0.47)×10~8个/cm~2。球孢白僵菌YY-1和HNC-1对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫均具有致病力,其中在1.0×10~8个/mL浓度下第8天草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫累计校正死亡率分别达到83.3%和63.3%,对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的LC₅₀为1.56×10~5个/mL和2.11×10~5个/mL,LT₅₀分别为4.23 d和6.12 d。综合以上结果,2株球孢白僵菌对草地贪夜蛾幼虫具有较强的毒力,其中YY...     

球孢白僵菌对葱地种蝇成虫的毒力及繁殖力的影响

本文采用浸虫法测定了4株球孢白僵菌对1日龄葱地种蝇（本文称葱蝇）成虫的毒力,筛选出高致病力的菌株,描述了感染症状,测定了其亚致死剂量LC₂₀和LC₅₀对存活1日龄葱蝇成虫生物学参数和繁殖力的影响,并比较了5.8×10³和5.7×10⁵孢子/mL对1日龄和10日龄葱蝇成虫死亡率和单雌产卵量的差异。结果表明菌株Bb01对葱蝇成虫的致病力最强,其LC₅₀为1.76×10⁶孢子/mL,其次为菌株Bb03和Bb02,其LC₅₀分别为4.05×10⁶和1.86×10⁷孢子/mL。与对照相比,菌株Bb01亚致死剂量处理1日龄成虫后,明显延迟了葱蝇成虫的产卵前期,降低了单雌产卵量,LC₂₀浓度处理时单雌产卵量比对照下降了51.9%,LC₅₀处理下降92.2%,明显缩短了雌成虫寿命,但卵孵化率没有明显影响。虽然菌株Bb01对1日龄成虫造成的死亡率较高,但在5.7×10⁵孢子/mL下,10日龄成虫单雌产卵量比对照下降了82.5%,对种群控制效果仍较强。     

Attract‐and‐kill: a new strategy for the management of the potato tuber moths Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) and Symmetrischema tangolias (Gyen) in potato: laboratory experiments towards optimising pheromone and insecticide concentration

BACKGROUND: Sex pheromones of the potato tuber moths Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) and Symmetrischema tangolias (Gyen) are ideal tools to monitor pest flight activity but are not used as means of control. The aim of the present study was to test the suitability of an attract‐and‐kill strategy consisting of pure pheromones and the contact insecticide cyfluthrin as the active ingredient, formulated with plant oils and ultraviolet absorbers, and applied in droplet sizes of 100 µL. RESULTS: Cyfluthrin at a concentration of 5 g L^?1 resulted in the highest and fastest killing of males after 48 h, with a 100% mortality after 3–4 days. In contrast, control males survived for 13 days. In olfactometer experiments, the pheromone concentration of 0.5 g L^?1 was significantly most attractive against eight virgin females. At controlled conditions (20 °C), no reduction in efficacy of the attract‐and‐kill formulation was observed for a minimum period of 36 days, whereas under natural environmental conditions the efficacy reduced gradually after day 6 of exposure. The longer the droplet was exposed, the longer was the time to reach 100% mortality of males. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with attract‐and‐kill studies for other pest species, the results are promising as a means of achieving highly effective control of potato tuber moths under field conditions. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

草地贪夜蛾病原白僵菌的分离鉴定及其致病力研究

草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)是一种全球性重大玉米害虫, 于2019年入侵我国云南并快速蔓延, 对我国的粮食安全造成重大威胁。本研究从玉米地块自然罹病的草地贪夜蛾幼虫僵虫中分离纯化致病菌, 并回接验证, 获得一株虫生真菌菌株, 结合形态学和rDNA-ITS序列分析, 确认该菌株属于球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana, 编号为SfG01。采用浸虫法测定了该菌株对草地贪夜蛾2龄幼虫的致病活性。结果表明, 孢子悬浮液浓度为1.00×109个/mL时, 草地贪夜蛾2龄幼虫第11天累计死亡率达86.67%, LC50为4.85×107个/mL, LT50为6.50 d。表现出一定的生防潜力, 具有进一步研究价值。     

Entomopathogens (Beauveria bassiana and Steinernema carpocapsae) for biological control of bark-feeding moth Indarbela dea on field-infested litchi trees

BACKGROUND: The bark-feeding moth Indarbela dea (Swinhoe) is one of the major pests of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) in Asia. Effects on larval mortality and web production were tested by repeated, single and combined tree trunk applications of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. and the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser). Two separate application trials were conducted in different seasons on young and older larvae respectively. RESULTS: In both trials, complete or nearly complete mortality (100% and 95%) of the larvae was achieved 3 weeks after application of S. carpocapsae alone and 2 weeks after the combined application of B. bassiana and S. carpocapsae (100% in both trials). However, in the combined application, all larvae were killed by one treatment, while the application of S. carpocapsae alone needed to be repeated to reach the same result. The effectiveness of the combined entomopathogen application and of the application of S. carpocapsae alone was not influenced by the age of the larvae. However, the single applications of B. bassiana were only effective on young larvae. In both trials, web production of surviving larvae was very significantly reduced by the application of S. carpocapsae in single and combined treatments. CONCLUSIONS: As the results show, only one application is necessary in the combined application of the two entomopathogens to control I. dea, which implies that such treatment is probably the economically most relevant solution.     

环境因子对球孢白僵菌侵染桔小实蝇致病力的影响

本文测定了温湿度、紫外线及常见杀虫剂等环境因子对球孢白僵菌B6菌株侵染桔小实蝇致病力的影响。结果表明,在19℃~31℃的温度范围内,B6菌株对桔小实蝇成虫、蛹与老熟幼虫均有致病力。在19℃~25℃条件下,桔小实蝇上述三种虫态的死亡率均随着温度的升高而增加,但在28℃和31℃温度条件下,桔小实蝇的死亡率则随着温度升高而降低。在1.8×108孢子/ml浓度条件下,成虫在25℃温度条件下的致死中时LT50为6.6d,在31℃的LT50为30.2d。在不同温度条件下,B6菌株对桔小实蝇成虫的致死中时差异较大。湿度越大,球孢白僵菌致病力越强,桔小实蝇的死亡速率越快。球孢白僵菌孢子萌发率随着紫外线照射时间增加而逐步降低。测定了7种常见的杀虫剂对球孢白僵菌菌落的生长影响,其中25%高效氯氟氰菊酯、2.0%阿维菌素、40%辛硫磷和10%除尽对菌落生长有促进作用。