鸡白细胞介素-6原核表达及双抗夹心ELISA方法的建立

应用分子生物学技术原核表达ChIL-6,以ChIL-6重组蛋白为免疫原,按免疫程序分别制备兔抗和鼠抗IL-6重组蛋白的多克隆抗体。应用此抗体建立双抗夹心EL-ISA方法后,为了优化此方法本试验对该方法的最佳试验条件、标准曲线、重复性和初步应用进行确定。结果显示,经SDS-PAGE和Western-blot分析,表明ChIL-6在大肠杆菌中正确表达,为了建立检测ChIL6的双抗夹心ELISA方法,本试验应用表达的重组蛋白制备兔抗和鼠抗多克隆抗体。建立的双抗夹心ELISA方法最佳反应条件为包被抗体的质量浓度为50mg／L,4℃过夜;酶标二抗稀释度为1：400,37。C1h;应用该方法检测感染金黄色葡萄球菌后的ChIL-6,其结果与本实验室之前应用人的ELISA试剂盒检测的结果相似。结果表明,本试验建立的检测ChlL-6的双抗夹心ELISA方法可用于临床。     

鸡白细胞介素2原核表达载体的构建及表达产物的鉴定

将鸡白细胞介素2(IL-2)的cDNA克隆到原核表达载体pET-30a( )上，构建原核重组表达质粒pET-IL-2，并在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中诱导表达，37℃用IPTG诱导3.5h后，SDS-PAGE检测表明，表达蛋白以包涵体的形式存在。将诱导后的工程菌超声波裂解，离心后的沉淀用PBS洗涤5～6次，得到高纯度的目的蛋白。     

鸡IL-6真核表达载体的构建及其对新城疫LaSota疫苗的免疫增强作用研究

利用RT—PCR方法从ConA诱导的鸡脾淋巴细胞RNA中扩增出IL-6基因,与pCI—neo连接构建真核表达质粒pCI—IL-6,并研究pCI—IL-6在CEF细胞中的表达及其对新城疫LaSota疫苗的免疫增强作用。研究发现,pCI—IL-6在CEF细胞中得到表达,pCI—IL-6和LaSota疫苗联合免疫组HI抗体、CD4^＋、CD8^＋和CD3^＋T淋巴细胞百分含量从免疫后第14天起均高于LaSota疫苗单独免疫组。其中,HI抗体效价在第14、21和35天时差异显著（P〈0．05）,在第28天时差异极显著（P〈0．01）;CD4^＋、CD8^＋和CD3^＋T淋巴细胞百分含量在第14天后表现为差异显著（P〈0．05）或极显著（P〈0．01）。在免疫后第35天进行攻毒,pCI—IL-6和LaSota疫苗联合免疫组的保护率为89．5％,而LaSota疫苗单独免疫组的保护率为76．5％。结果表明,pCI—IL-6真核表达质粒在鸡体内成功表达,并能明显提高新城疫LaSota疫苗的免疫效果,具有免疫增强作用。     

猪白细胞介素-6基因的非融合原核表达研究

用DNA重组技术，将已克隆的猪IL-6基因阅读框片段插入非融合原核表达质粒pBV220中的适当位置，获得重组质粒pBVpIL-6，转化大肠杆菌DH5α后，42℃诱导阳性表达菌。经SDS-PAGE检测发现目的蛋白获得了高效表达，表达量约占总蛋白的20％。表达的蛋白以包涵体形式存在，包涵体经过变性溶解和复性后用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）做定性定量检测。ELISA结果证实了所表达的蛋白为猪IL-6，复性后具有一定活性．并测出了复性后活性蛋白的浓度。     

鸡白细胞介素4基因的克隆及其原核表达

应用RT—PCR技术,从被诱导的鸡脾脏淋巴细胞中扩增鸡白细胞介素-4（ChIL-4）基因cDNA,经克隆筛选和测序后,构建出重组质粒pGEX-6P—ChIL-4和pET—ChIL-4,分别转化相应的受体菌,经IPTG诱导和SDS—PAGE分析,结果表明ChIL-4基因在上述载体中均获得表达,融合蛋白大小分别为38ku和18ku．Western blot结果也显示,在相对分子质量38ku和18ku位置有特异性条带。这为重组ChIL-4的规模化生产、疫苗佐剂的研制及其单克隆抗体的制备奠定了基础。     

重组鸡白细胞介素-6(rChIL-6)对传染性法氏囊灭活疫苗的免疫增强机理研究

为了评价重组鸡白细胞介素-6(rChIL-6)蛋白在鸡体内的免疫增强作用机理,本研究将40只7日龄健康SPF鸡随机平均分为4组以进行rChIL-6蛋白对鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(IBDV)灭活疫苗免疫增强作用试验,于14日龄时进行免疫接种和rChIL-6蛋白注射。分别检测4组鸡免疫前和免疫后不同时间血清中IBDV抗体水平、不同细胞因子表达水平、脾淋巴细胞增殖活性和外周血T淋巴细胞增殖活性等指标以揭示rChIL-6蛋白在机体内对疫苗的免疫增强机理。结果表明:免疫后7⁴9d,rChIL-6蛋白与IBDV灭活疫苗共免疫组(第4组)鸡血清中IBDV抗体水平极显著高于IBDV灭活疫苗对照组(P<0.01);免疫后749d,rChIL-6蛋白与IBDV灭活疫苗共免疫组(第4组)鸡血清中IBDV抗体水平极显著高于IBDV灭活疫苗对照组(P<0.01);免疫后7³5d,第4组鸡血清中的白细胞介素-4、6、2(ChIL-4、ChIL-6、ChIL-2)和γ干扰素(ChIFN-γ)等4种细胞因子的表达水平极显著高于其他3组对照组(P<0.01),α干扰素(ChIFN-α)的表达水平于免疫后1435d,第4组鸡血清中的白细胞介素-4、6、2(ChIL-4、ChIL-6、ChIL-2)和γ干扰素(ChIFN-γ)等4种细胞因子的表达水平极显著高于其他3组对照组(P<0.01),α干扰素(ChIFN-α)的表达水平于免疫后14³5d期间极显著高于其他3组对照鸡(P<0.01);rChIL-6蛋白单独应用后可显著提高机体的ChIL-4、ChIL-6和ChIL-2的表达水平,但对ChIFN-γ、ChIFN-α的表达水平无明显影响。免疫后735d期间极显著高于其他3组对照鸡(P<0.01);rChIL-6蛋白单独应用后可显著提高机体的ChIL-4、ChIL-6和ChIL-2的表达水平,但对ChIFN-γ、ChIFN-α的表达水平无明显影响。免疫后7¹4d,第4组鸡的脾淋巴细胞增殖活性显著高于其他3组对照鸡(P<0.01);免疫后714d,第4组鸡的脾淋巴细胞增殖活性显著高于其他3组对照鸡(P<0.01);免疫后7²1d,第4组鸡的外周血T淋巴细胞的增殖活性稍高于其他3组对照组(P>0.05)。结果表明,rChIL-6在体液免疫和细胞免疫水平对鸡传染性法氏囊灭活疫苗免疫后均具有免疫增强作用;对机体体液免疫应答的增强能力高于细胞免疫应答。     

猪白细胞介素-2的原核表达及其生物学活性研究

本研究采用RT-PCR方法自刀豆素（Con A）刺激的猪外周血淋巴细胞总RNA中扩增克隆了猪白细胞介素-2（porcine interleutin-2,PoIL-2）成熟肽基因,并亚克隆入pQE30载体进行原核表达,对表达的融合重组猪白细胞介素-2（rPoIL-2）蛋白通过尿素变性、低浓度复性液复性、PBS溶液透析等步骤进行纯化,采用MTT法测定rPoIL-2蛋白促小鼠细胞毒性淋巴样系CTLL-2株细胞增殖活性以评价rPoIL-2的活性。结果表明,成功克隆了rPoIL-2的成熟肽基因,基因全长405 bp,编码134个氨基酸;表达的rPoIFN-α蛋白分子质量大小约为16.5 ku,与预期大小相一致;经纯化后的蛋白质纯度在96%以上;纯化的rPoIL-2蛋白促小鼠CTLL-2株细胞增殖活性最高值是对照细胞的3倍。本研究成功表达了具有生物学活性的PoIL-2蛋白,为新型基因工程抗病毒制剂和免疫增强剂的开发奠定了基础。     

鸡白细胞介素-2原核表达与生物学活性初探

根据pGEX-6p-1表达载体多克隆位点,设计带有限制性内切酶酶切位点的IL-2引物,RT-PCR克隆获得目的基因,连接pGEM-T载体,转化JM109感受态细胞,经蓝白斑筛选、测序和双酶切鉴定,与pGEX-6p-1表达载体连接,转化BL21感受态细胞,经双酶切和PCR鉴定,用IPTG诱导表达,通过菌体裂解、包涵体洗涤、溶解、复性、Sepharose 4B柱层析,SDS-PAGE和Western blot检测,证明表达并纯化了IL-2融合蛋白,而且纯化的IL-2融合蛋白具有促进淋巴细胞增殖的特性.     

猪白细胞介素-6的原核表达及其生物学活性研究

本研究采用RT-PCR方法自细菌脂多糖(LPS)刺激的猪脾脏细胞总RNA中扩增、克隆猪白介素-6(porcine interleukin-6,PoIL-6)成熟肽基因,并亚克隆入pQE30载体进行原核表达,对表达的重组融合猪白介素-6(rPoIL-6)蛋白通过尿素变性、低浓度复性液复性、PBS透析等步骤进行复性、纯化,采用PoIL-6 ELISA试剂盒检测rPoIL-6蛋白与抗PoIL-6单抗发生特异性免疫反应的活性;采用MTS法检测rPoIL-6蛋白促猪脾脏细胞的增殖活性。结果表明,成功克隆了全长555 bp的PoIL-6成熟肽基因;表达的rPoIL-6蛋白分子质量大小约20 ku;纯化后的rPoIL-6蛋白纯度在95%以上,可和抗PoIL-6单抗发生特异性免疫反应,并且具有显著促猪脾脏细胞增殖活性。     

荣昌猪白细胞介素15成熟肽基因的克隆、表达及其表达产物活性检测

运用RT—PCR技术从由刀豆蛋白（ConA）诱导培养的荣昌猪外周血淋巴细胞（PBMC）扩增出猪白细胞介素15（pIL-15）完整开放阅读框（ORF），共489bp，编码162aa。与已公布的2个猪IL-15基因核苷酸同源性均为99．4％。分子进化分析表明其与人及哺乳动物IL-15基因的进化关系较近，而与鸡的IL-15基因进化距离较远。运用PCR技术从含荣昌猪IL-15开放阅读框序列质粒中扩增其成熟蛋白编码基因，共345bp。将其定向克隆于原核表达载体pET-32a（＋）后在E．coli BL21中诱导表达，SDS-PAGE结果显示表达的融合蛋白约为34ku，重组蛋白以包涵体形式表达，表达产物约占菌体总蛋白的38．7％；Western blot分析表明，在相对分子质量34ku处有一条特异性带；对诱导重组菌进行转录检测得到约356bp的特异性片段。MTT法试验证实，表达产物初步纯化、透析复性后，可明显增强淋巴细胞的增殖。荣昌猪IL-15成熟肽成功在体外表达，获得的高效表达的产物具有一定的生物学活性。     

Monoclonal antibodies against chicken interleukin-6

Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) were produced against a recombinant (r) chicken interleukin-6 (IL-6). Eight mAbs produced were tested for isotype; ability to inhibit recombinant forms of chicken (ch), human (h) and murine (m) IL-6; and recognition of rchIL-6 by Western immunoblotting. The mAb isotypes were represented by IgG1 (one), IgG2a (six) and IgG2b (one). In a mouse B9 hybridoma cell bioassay with rmIL-6, four mAbs effectively inhibited activity of rmIL-6. Further bioassays with the four mAbs at varying concentrations showed that two of these mAbs (1.20.7 and 1.26.4) were quite effective at inhibiting rmIL-6. Recombinant forms of ch, h and mIL-6 were all tested in a bioassay with the most potent inhibiting mAb (1.26.4), and this mAb was effective in inhibiting all three recombinant IL-6 proteins. Western immunoblotting revealed identification of the original IL-6 immunogen used for mAb production. Based upon inhibition of IL-6 activity in a standard bioassay and IL-6 recognition by Western immunoblotting, mAb 1.26.4 was judged the most useful antibody for future studies and applications.     

Regulating effects of porcine interleukin-6 gene and CpG motifs on immune responses to porcine trivalent vaccines in mice

In order to develop novel immunoadjuvants to boost immune response of conventional vaccines, experiments were conducted to investigate the regulating effects of porcine interleukin-6 gene and CpG motifs as the molecular adjuvants on immune responses of mice that were co-inoculated with trivalent vaccines against Swine fever, the Pasteurellosis and Erysipelas suis. Synthetic oligodeoxynuleotides containing CpG motifs were ligated into pUC18, forming recombinant pUC18-CpG plasmid. Eukaryotic plasmid expressing porcine interleukin-6 (VPIL-6) were also constructed as molecular adjuvants in an attempt to enhance levels of immune responses of mice co-administered with the trivalent vaccines in this paper. The cellular and humoral immune responses of mice were systematically analysed, and the experimental results were observed that the number of white blood cells, monocytes, granuloytes and lymphocytes significantly increased, respectively, in the mice immunized with VPIL-6, compared with those of the control; the IgG content and titre of specific antibodies to the trivalent vaccine mounted remarkably in the sera from the VPIL-6 vaccinated mice; the proliferation of lymphocytes and induced IL-2 activities were significantly increased in the vaccinated groups. The above-mentioned immune responses of mice co-inoculated with pUC18-CpG plasmid were significantly stronger than those of co-inoculated with pUC18 plasmid, suggesting that the immunostimulatory effect of oligodeoxynuleotides CpG is closely connected with the number of CpG motifs. These results suggest that the porcine IL-6 gene and CpG motifs could be employed as effective immunoadjuvants to elevate immunity to conventional vaccines.     

重组鸡IL-2作为传染性法氏囊病疫苗免疫增强剂对鸡细胞免疫水平的影响

传染性法氏囊病是危害养禽业的一种最为重要的疾病之一，经常造成鸡只的死亡，耐过鸡免疫抑制，以后疫苗接种免疫失败和产蛋率下降，造成严重的经济损失。传染性法氏囊病活苗免疫效果虽然较好，但保护期短，易引发感染和免疫抑制；灭活苗较安全，保护期长，但效果较差，应寻找一种免疫增强剂，     

Potentiation of cell-mediated immune responses against recombinant HN protein of Newcastle disease virus by recombinant chicken IL-18

In this study, recombinant fowlpox viruses (rFPV/HN) expressing Newcastle disease virus (NDV) HN protein and rFPV/HN/chIL-18 co-expressing chicken IL-18 (chIL-18) and HN protein have been constructed and characterized. The co-expressed rHN/chIL-18 antigen or rchIL-18, expressed by our previous construct rFPV/chIL-18 and co-administered with NDV rHN, was assessed for its immunostimulatory activities and protection against NDV challenge in 2-week-old chickens. Chickens were vaccinated, intramuscularly, with various amounts of rHN or rHN/chIL-18 mixed with mineral oil. Production of hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody depended on the concentration of the injected rHN or rHN/chIL-18. The lower HI antibody titers were obtained in chickens group rHN/chIL-18/6 and rHN/chIL-18/7, receiving 50 ng rHN/16.5 ng chIL-18 with mineral oil and 20 ng rHN/6.6 ng chIL-18 with mineral oil, respectively, compared to those in chickens rHN/6 and rHN/7, respectively receiving 50 ng and 20 ng rHN with mineral oil alone. However, the same protection rates were obtained from chickens in groups rHN/chIL-18/6 and rHN/6. Chicken groups rHN/chIL-18/7 and rHN/chIL-18/8 showed higher protective achievements than those in groups rHN/7 and rHN/8, respectively. When rchIL-18 was co-injected with 20ng rHN plus mineral oil, low level of HI antibody titer was produced; whereas, higher level of IFN-γ production and full protection rates were obtained. On the other hand, lower levels of IFN-γ production and lower protection rate (67%) were obtained in chickens injected with the same amount of rHN with mineral oil alone. Similar results were obtained when 10 ng rHN was used. Thus, when the concentration of rHN decreased to 50 ng or less, rchIL-18 reduced HI antibody production. The increase in IFN-γ production suggested that the enhancement of the cell-mediated immunity might confer the protection from NDV challenge, even accompanied with low HI antibody induction.     

甲壳素、油乳剂和蜂胶对鸡新城疫疫苗免疫调节作用的研究

本实验以肉用AA雏鸡和蛋用罗曼雏鸡为实验动物,从细胞免疫和体液免疫首次研究了甲壳素对鸡新城疫疫苗的免疫调节作用,并与油乳剂和蜂胶佐剂加以比较,以观察不同免疫佐剂对鸡新城疫的免疫调节作用.试验结果表明,三种佐剂的疫苗在肉鸡组免疫后5～10 d,蛋鸡组免疫后5～15 d,甲壳素疫苗组HI抗体效价显著高于其它组;在肉鸡组免疫后15～37 d,蛋鸡组免疫后22～50 d,油乳剂疫苗组HI抗体效价显著高于其它组.用三种不同佐剂的疫苗免疫后,肉鸡和蛋鸡甲壳素疫苗组的细胞免疫水平显著高于其它组.     

Expression and characterization of the recombinant swine interleukin-6

The swine interleukin-6 (SwIL-6) cDNA was cloned by RT-PCR and each expression system of recombinant SwIL-6 in Escherichia coli, insect cells, and mammalian cells was developed. Recombinant SwIL-6 produced in bacteria was applied for generation of the polyclonal antibodies. The rSwIL-6 was purified from supernatant of insect cells with a Q-sepharose or anti-SwIL-6 monoclonal antibody based immunoaffinity column. The antibodies showed that the molecular weight of rSwIL-6 was approximately 26kDa in E. coli, 25, 26, 30kDa in insect cells, and 26 and 30kDa in mammalian cells. These variations of molecular weight were probably due to the different modifications of glycosylation. All these recombinant proteins retained the antigenicity and biological activity on 7TD1 mouse cells.     

Expression, purification and characterisation of recombinant Escherichia coli derived chicken interleukin-12

Zoonotic viruses, such as H5N1 Avian Influenza, pose major threats to both animals and humans, and with this in mind there is a need for the development of new anti-viral strategies. The cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12) is known to play a pivotal regulatory role in the anti-viral response due to its role in the induction of the key anti-viral cytokine IFN-gamma. Therefore, strategies which provide a means for the production of therapeutic quantities of IL-12 may be of major benefit. Here we describe the development of biologically active Escherichia coli (E. coli) derived chicken IL-12 (ChIL-12). The single chain ChIL-12 gene was cloned into the pET32b expression vector, transformed into the BL-21 E. coli strain and expression induced with IPTG. Over expressed protein was solubilised with zwittergent detergent and isolated utilising Nickel ion affinity chromatography. Biological activity was determined as ChIL-12 stimulated proliferation of pre-treated T-cells in vitro. This study is the first example of a biologically active E. coli derived IL-12 from a non-mammalian vertebrate subsequently providing a means for testing the anti-viral therapeutic potential of ChIL-12 in an in vivo model.     

Successful pseudorabies vaccination in maternally immune piglets using recombinant vaccinia virus vaccines

Three gilts were vaccinated with a NYVAC vaccinia recombinant expressing glycoprotein gD of pseudorabies virus (PRV) (NYVAC/gD). After farrowing, the piglets were allowed to nurse normally to obtain colostral immunity and then were divided into four groups, receiving NYVAC/gD, a NYVAC recombinant expressing glycoprotein gB of PRV (NYVAC/gB), an inactivated PRV vaccine (iPRV), or no vaccine. The piglets were vaccinated twice, three weeks apart beginning at approximately two weeks of age and later challenged with virulent PRV oronasally. Piglets that received NYVAC/gB or iPRV were the best protected based on lack of mortality, lower temperature responses, decreased weight loss and decreased viral shedding after challenge. These results indicate effective strategies for stimulating active immune response while still under the protection of maternal immunity.