绿茶渣对赤水乌骨鸡肌肉中氨基酸和脂肪酸含量的影响

试验旨在探究饲粮中添加绿茶渣对赤水乌骨鸡肌肉中氨基酸和脂肪酸含量的影响。选取360只300日龄的赤水乌骨鸡母鸡，随机分成4个组，每组6个重复，每个重复15只鸡。各组分别饲喂添加0%（对照组）、0.8%、1.6%、2.4%绿茶渣的饲粮，预试期14 d，正试期60 d，屠宰后采集胸肌测定肌肉常规营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸含量。结果表明：与对照组相比，添加绿茶渣可降低胸肌中铁含量（P<0.05）,0.8%绿茶渣组粗脂肪含量降低（P<0.05）,1.6%绿茶渣组粗蛋白质含量提高（P<0.05）,2.4%绿茶渣组鸡肉亮度增加（P<0.05）；绿茶渣对胸肌中氨基酸含量无显著影响；绿茶渣对总饱和脂肪酸的含量无显著影响，添加1.6%绿茶渣使得单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）含量有升高趋势（P>0.05），多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）含量有降低趋势（P>0.05）。综上，饲粮中添加1.6%绿茶渣对赤水乌骨鸡肌肉中氨基酸含量影响不显著，对脂肪酸的影响较大。     

环山春绿茶的生产技术及关键

环山春绿茶的生产技术及关键重庆曾廷云李军赵仲邓万“环山春”绿茶是以西南农业大学为技术依托，由几家单位共同研制的名优绿茶，１９９５年在全国第二届农业博览会上曾获得新创名茶金质奖，是重庆市首次获得的茶叶类名优绿茶的金字招牌。该茶中决定茶叶饮用价值的多酚类...     

桑绿茶在广西的发展前景

搞好桑叶绿茶的研究和开发，充分利用我区现有丰富的桑叶资源开发桑绿茶，是促进桑蚕业经济循环、延长农业产业链、优化生态环境的重要手段。以桑叶为原料制作桑绿茶，既不影响蚕农养蚕的收益，同时还为桑蚕业的综合开发利用提供了一条新途径，这对巩固我区桑蚕产业的支柱地位以及对促进我区农民增收、农业增效都具有重要的意义。     

中国绿茶国际市场分析及提升绿茶产业的对策

绿茶是我国茶叶生产和出口的主要品类,具有较强的竞争优势。明确绿茶的国际市场现状,对促进中国绿茶贸易的持续发展,提升绿茶产业具有重要的意义。本文分析中国绿茶贸易的国际市场现状和趋势,并提出了提升绿茶产业的对策,旨在增强绿茶在国际市场的竞争力,实现中国绿茶贸易的持续、快速、健康发展。     

绿茶杀青工艺技术探索

绿茶杀青工艺技术探索陈义甫（铜鼓县农业局）绿茶的基本特征是“三绿”，如何实现绿茶“三绿”的品质特征，先人创造的基本理论和方法是高温（２２０℃以上）锅炒干热杀青，即将鲜叶在高热锅中炒杀六分钟左右，在二分钟内必须使叶温达８５℃，并维持二：分钟以上，即能控...     

绿茶提取物可减少肉仔鸡体脂蓄积

绿茶提取物可减少肉仔鸡体脂蓄积李秀波摘译吴文学校将绿茶提取物—儿茶酸添加到高脂肪、高胆固醇的饲料中，饲喂大鼠，结果发现，脂肪、胆固醇及胆汁酸在大鼠体内的吸收受到抑制，在粪便、尿液中的排泄量则有所增加，血脂浓度未见上升。本文主要报道饲料中添加绿茶提取物...     

优质绿茶的制造技术

本文结合实践经验，介绍了名优绿茶的制造技术。通过本技术，能快速、简便地制造出形美、色绿、香高、味回甘的高档名优绿茶。     

绿茶的香气成分及其在加工中的变化

绿茶是我国茶叶生产和消费的主导产品,又是我国茶叶出口的大宗传统产品,抓好绿茶生产,不断提高绿茶质量,顺应市场需要,是今后茶叶生产、经营的方向。为此,笔者对绿茶香气成分及制茶工艺与绿茶香气关系进行了归纳总结。     

茶叶减肥说君知

茶叶药理功效之多，作用之广，是其它饮料无可替代的。宋代欧阳修《茶歌》赞颂道：“论功可以疗百疾，轻身久服胜胡麻。”这里讲的“轻身”和现代的减肥、健体和降低血脂等有关。茶叶（尤其是绿茶）中咖啡碱能提高胃液分泌量，帮助消化，增强分解脂肪的能力，所谓“轻身”的道理主要也在这里。像绿茶类的安吉白茶、洞庭碧螺春、西湖龙井、信阳毛尖、黄山毛峰以及竹叶青、四明绿茶等都有良好的减肥降脂效果。     

安顺市地方名优绿茶质量调查分析

通过对安顺市5县1区14个绿茶代表茶样的抽样综合分析，其常规理化指标均高于相关国家标准，茶叶质量理化指标优于对照样，感官审评内质评语高于对照样，表明了安顺绿茶在加工技术上已经成熟稳定，产品品质优秀。     

藏族的草原游牧文化（Ⅳ）——藏族牧民的生活

从各个方面介绍了藏族牧民的生活习俗：如糌粑、清茶、奶茶、酥油茶、蕨麻米饭、手抓肉、灌肠、藏包、酸奶和酒文化;传统的房屋,如帐房、土房、切木、苫子房、榻板房。介绍传统的家庭和婚姻,如恋爱、定亲、迎娶等,藏族婚姻的一个主要形式招婿。藏族对出嫁儿子和出嫁女儿同等对待,不受社会歧视。藏族传统的服饰因部落渊源、生活环境、性别年龄...     

绿茶粉对老年犬生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响

选取10岁初始体重为34.5～37.5 kg的拉布拉多犬72条,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复6条,分别饲喂添加0,1 000,2 000和4 000 mg/kg绿茶粉饲料,以研究不同水平绿茶粉对老年犬血清生化指标和抗氧化指标的影响,试验进行60 d。结果表明:随着绿茶粉添加量的增加,谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、总胆红素逐渐下降,除1 000 mg/kg组外各试验组均显著低于对照组;随着绿茶粉从1 000 mg/kg提高到4000 mg/kg,血清中甘油三酯、胆固醇都显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。尿酸、尿素氮、葡萄糖、高密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白差异不显著(P>0.05)。同时,绿茶粉能显著提高老年犬血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力(P<0.05)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力(P<0.01),并能明显降低血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量(P<0.05)。结果提示,添加2 000 mg/kg绿茶粉对老年犬有很好的保健作用。     

绿茶粉和绿茶多酚对犬的抗氧化作用

本试验旨在探究绿茶粉及绿茶多酚对犬的抗氧化作用。选用5月龄杂交幼犬15只,随机分为3个组,每组5只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,绿茶粉组饲喂基础饲粮+1.0%的绿茶粉,绿茶多酚组饲喂基础饲粮+0.25%的绿茶多酚。试验期为84 d。结果表明:与试验开始时相比,试验结束时对照组犬体重增长了162%,绿茶粉组犬体重增长了101%,绿茶多酚组犬体重增长了132%,且绿茶粉组和绿茶多酚组试验结束时犬体重显著低于对照组(P0.05),比对照组分别降低了61%和30%。试验第84天,绿茶粉组及绿茶多酚组犬血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性均显著或极显著低于对照组(P0.05或P0.01),血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性极显著高于对照组(P0.01),血清丙二醛(MDA)含量极显著低于对照组(P0.01),肝脏抗氧化基因[谷氨酸半胱氨酸连接酶催化亚基(GCLC)、谷氨酸半胱氨酸连接酶修饰亚基(GCLM)、血红素氧合酶1(HO-1)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)]和Ⅱ相解毒酶基因[谷胱甘肽硫转移酶M1(GSTM1)和醌氧化还原酶1(NQO1)]的mRNA相对表达量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,在犬饲粮中添加1.0%的绿茶粉或0.25%的绿茶多酚均具有保护肝脏、抗氧化、促进Ⅱ相解毒酶基因表达及控制体重的作用。     

Nutritional applications and beneficial health applications of green tea and l-theanine in some animal species: A review

Green tea (Camellia sinensis) is a popular herbal plant with abundant health benefits, and thus, it has been used as a potent antioxidant for a long time. Based on the available literature, the diversity and the availability of multifunctional compounds in green tea offer its noteworthy potential against many diseases such as liver and heart diseases, inflammatory conditions and different metabolic syndromes. Owing to its bioactive constituents including caffeine, amino acids, l -theanine, polyphenols/flavonoids and carbohydrates among other potent molecules, green tea has many pharmacological and physiological effects. The effects of green tea include anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, anti-stress, hypolipidaemic, hypocholesterolaemic, skin/collagen protective, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti-infective, anti-parasitic, anti-cancerous, inhibition of tumorigenesis and angiogenesis, anti-mutagenic, and memory and bone health-improving activities. Apart from its utilization in humans, green tea has also played a significant role in livestock production such as in dairy, piggery, goatry and poultry industries. Supplementation of animal feeds with green tea and its products is in line with the modern concepts of organic livestock production. Hence, incorporating green tea or green tea by-products into the diet of poultry and other livestock can enhance the value of the products obtained from these animals. Herein, an effort is made to extend the knowledge on the importance and useful applications of green tea and its important constituents in animal production including poultry. This review will be a guideline for researchers and entrepreneurs who want to explore the utilization of feeds supplemented with green tea and green tea by-products for the enhancement of livestock production.     

黑糖乌龙茶酸乳的研制及工艺条件优化

以生牛乳和乌龙茶粉为主要原料,添加L-茶氨酸、黑糖和乳酸菌等配料共同发酵,研发黑糖乌龙茶酸乳。通过单因素试验和正交试验分别考察乌龙茶粉添加量、黑糖添加量、L-茶氨酸添加量和发酵剂接种量对黑糖乌龙茶酸乳pH值、酸度、黏度、持水力和感官评分的影响。结果表明：在乌龙茶粉添加量0.3%、黑糖添加量8%、L-茶氨酸添加量0.09%、发酵剂接种量0.010%条件下,黑糖乌龙茶酸乳感官评分为96分、pH 4.54、酸度72°T、持水力67.34%、乳酸菌活菌数5.78×10⁹ CFU/g,产品乌龙茶风味浓郁、色泽明亮、质地细腻、黑糖风味突出、口感香浓顺滑、无颗粒悬浮。     

Anticoccidial effect of green tea-based diets against Eimeria maxima

Anticoccidial effects of green tea (GT)-based diets were evaluated in chickens following oral infection with Eimeria maxima an ubiquitous intestinal parasite of poultry that impairs the growth and feed efficiency of infected birds. Five-week-old chickens were assigned to four groups (GT 0.5%, GT 2.0%, untreated/infected and non-infected control) and each group consisted of 15 chickens. Chickens were fed a standard diet supplemented with ground green tea for 2 weeks prior to infection with E. maxima (10,000 sporulated oocysts per bird). The effects of green tea on E. maxima infection were assessed by two parameters, fecal oocyst shedding and body weight gain. The green tea-fed chickens produced significantly reduced fecal oocysts (P<0.05) when compared to the E. maxima-infected group fed standard diet. The green tea-based diet, however, did not improve body weight loss caused by E. maxima infection. This study is the first to demonstrate anticoccidial effect of green tea on Eimeria parasites.     

不同加工工艺制成桑叶茶的感观品质及营养活性成分分析

通过不同茶叶(绿茶、红茶、乌龙茶)加工工艺试制桑叶茶,用常规的感观评审方法评价其品质,并用生化分析方法测定其营养及生物活性成分,为不同风味的高品质桑叶茶加工工艺的选择提供参考。感观品质评审3种加工工艺制成的桑叶茶具有各自独特的风格:绿茶工艺制成的桑叶茶甘醇香甜,略带桑叶青涩味;乌龙茶工艺制成的桑叶茶爽口醇和,有淡淡的花香;红茶工艺制成的桑叶茶甘甜醇厚,有近似香蕉的果香味。营养及生物活性成分检测结果:3种加工工艺制成桑叶茶的水浸出物、可溶性糖、氨基酸、黄酮类物质含量明显比桑叶固定样中的含量有所上升,而多酚类物质则比桑叶固定样明显减少,其中可溶性糖含量为红茶工艺制成桑叶茶>绿茶工艺制成桑叶茶>乌龙茶工艺制成桑叶茶,且都明显高于桑叶固定样;3种加工工艺制成桑叶茶的蛋白质含量、氨基酸总量以及17种氨基酸组分的含量均高于桑叶固定样,并以绿茶工艺制成的桑叶茶中含量最高;桑叶茶含有的17种氨基酸中,谷氨酸和亮氨酸的含量最高,且乌龙茶工艺制成的桑叶茶的苯丙氨酸、组氨酸和精氨酸等组分含量较高。     

Green tea flavan-3-ols and oligomeric proanthocyanidins inhibit the motility of infective larvae of Teladorsagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus colubriformis in vitro

The effects of a hot water infusion and an aqueous acetone extract of green tea (Camellia sinensis) on the motility of infective larvae of the sheep nematodes Teladorsagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus colubriformis were investigated under in vitro conditions. The infusion and extract dose-dependently inactivated the infective larvae as assessed by the larval migration inhibition (LMI) assay. To determine the components responsible for the inhibitory activity, the hot water infusion and aqueous acetone extract of green tea were fractionated on Sephadex LH-20 and the green tea extract fractions (GTE-I-VIII) characterised by mass spectrometry. The larvae were exposed to increasing concentrations of these GTE fractions. Fractions containing epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and proanthocyanidin oligomers were most effective. GTE fractions were more effective against T. circumcincta than T. colubriformis larvae as assessed by the LMI assay.     

茶多酚和酵母硒及其互作对绿壳蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及蛋黄中胆固醇和硒含量的影响

本研究旨在探讨茶多酚和酵母硒及其互作对绿壳蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及蛋黄中胆固醇和硒含量的影响。试验选用810只44周龄健康绿壳蛋鸡,随机分成9个组,每组5个重复,每个重复18只鸡。采用2因素3水平试验设计,在基础饲粮中分别添加不同剂量的茶多酚和酵母硒构成试验饲粮,茶多酚设0、200、400 mg/kg 3个添加水平,酵母硒(按硒计)设0、0.25、0.50 mg/kg 3个添加水平。预试期7 d,正试期28 d。结果表明:1)饲粮中添加茶多酚和酵母硒均有提高平均蛋重的趋势(P>0.05),添加200、400 mg/kg茶多酚能显著提高产蛋率且显著降低料蛋比(P<0.05);2)饲粮中添加茶多酚和酵母硒对蛋黄指数、蛋黄色泽和哈氏单位均有提高的趋势(P>0.05),添加0.50 mg/kg酵母硒能显著提高蛋形指数(P<0.05),同时使蛋壳厚度显著下降(P<0.05),添加200、400 mg/kg茶多酚能显著减缓鸡蛋在贮藏过程中哈氏单位的下降(P<0.01);3)饲粮中添加200、400 mg/kg茶多酚均能显著降低蛋黄胆固醇含量(P<0.01),添加0.25、0.50 mg/kg酵母硒均能显著提高蛋黄硒含量(P<0.01);4)茶多酚和酵母硒的互作对生产性能、蛋品质及蛋黄中胆固醇和硒含量均无显著影响(P>0.05)。由此可见,在基础饲粮中采用400 mg/kg茶多酚和0.25 mg/kg酵母硒的添加组合对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质不会产生拮抗作用,并可有效生产"富硒+低胆固醇"的绿壳鸡蛋。     

Effect of catechins on mutagenesis of Salmonella typhimurium TA 102 elicited by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BuOOH)

Green tea, one of the most popular beverages consumed in Asian countries, has been reported to possess anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic properties. The aim in this study is to test the radical scavenging effect of catechins and caffeine, which were major components of green tea, and if they really prevent oxygen radical-induced mutagenesis. We used TA102 strain of Salmonella typhimurium which is sensitive to hydroxyl radical in the Ames mutation assay. We found that caffeine did not show any effects on mutagenesis in this system, but catechin significantly reduced mutagenesis or genotoxicity caused by hydroxyl radical. This radical-scavenging action of catechins may indeed contribute to the anticarcinogenic activity of green tea as has been proposed.