不同pH值黄泥土施用磷石膏的效果

１９９７￣１９９９年田间试验结果表明：不同ｐＨ值黄泥土施用磷石膏５０ｋｇ／６６７ｍ＾２,１００ｋｇ／６６７ｍ＾２,１５０ｋｇ／６６７ｍ＾２,ｐＨ４．３０黄泥土玉米产量比对照增产７．８％￣２２．９％,ｐＨ５．０１黄泥土增产８．５％￣１７．１％,ｐＨ５．６５黄砂泥土增产７．５％￣１１．５％,ｐＨ６．０７砂石黄泥土增产５．９％￣８．３％,投产比值在１：２．７以上。土壤ｐＨ值随石膏用量增加而提高,土壤水解酸含量随磷石膏用量增加而降低。磷石膏适宜用量为５０￣１００ｋｇ／６６７ｍ＾２与农家肥、氨、磷、钾肥配合作底肥施用。可以认为磷石膏是一种改良酸性黄泥土的新型调理剂。     

不同生态条件下高原玉米产量的源库关系

不同海拔、不同土壤、不同气候条件下，玉米不同密度处理剪叶和剪穗（减源和减库）对产量有明显影响。中海拔点（１２００～１５００ｍ）不同密度减叶和剪穗，产量差异均达１％的极显著水平；高海拔点（１７００ｍ以上）不同密度处理产量达５％的显著水平，剪叶剪穗处理产量达１％极显著水平。不同生态条件下剪叶比对照单株减产３．４％～８％，每６６７ｍ２减产９．３％～２６．４％。不同密度剪叶，中海拔点减产８％～３０．９％，高海拔点减产１１．８％～２５％；不同生态条件下剪穗，单株减产４５％～４６％，每６６７ｍ２减产１２％～５１．２％。不同密度剪穗，中海拔点减产２７．７％～５９．５，高海拔点减产１２．８％～５１．２％。尽管土壤、气候等生态条件有一定差异，但中、高海拔不同试点的产量高低与花后干物质（源），总粒数（库）关系密切，减源减库均导致减产。但两者相比减库减产更大。     

杂交水稻施用锌,钼微肥的效应分析

以威优６４为材料进行了杂交水稻施用微肥钼（Ｍｏ）、锌（Ｚｎ）两因素各３水平的田间籽粒产量比较试验。结果是：（１）威优６４对钼酸胺不敏感,各处理间籽粒产量无明显差异;（２）施０．７５ｋｇ／６６７ｍ＾２硫酸锌作基肥,比空白ｃｋ籽粒产量增加８．３９％、比施１．５０ｋｇ／６６７ｍ＾２的Ａ３处理增加５．４６％;（３）０．７５ｋｇ／６６７ｍ＾２,１．５０ｋｇ／６６７ｍ＾２硫酸锌作基肥分别使杂交稻威优６４穗粒数     

水稻氮磷钾配施产量初探

应用“３４１４”试验设计，探讨本县坝区氮、磷、不同用量配施对不同产量的影响。结果表明：６６７ｍ＾２施用尿素２１．７４ｋｇ，普钙４２．８６ｋｇ，氯化钾８．０ｋｇ时，肥效较好，单产可达６５９．７ｋｇ氮、磷、钾三元主效为ｙ＝４５８．２６＋１１．３４Ｘ１＋７．５８Ｘ２＋２．５７Ｘ３６６７ｍ＾２适宜配方为Ｎ：Ｐ２Ｏ５：Ｋ２Ｏ＝１０￣１２：６￣９：４￣６。     

大豆大垄窄行密植栽培群体生育动态分析

研究表明,大豆大垄窄行密植栽培较垄三栽培生育斯延３￣７ｄ,株高平均增加３￣５ｃｍ,倒伏加重,开花以后单株干重,叶面积及单株荚粒数下降,但群体干重（１８．０１￣１８９．６０ｇ／ｍ＾２）,叶面积指数（０．０３８￣１．２７０）及荚（２３．７￣１４９．６个／ｍ＾２）粒（除合丰２５号６６．７株／ｍ＾２处理处,增加５１．８￣１６３．６个／ｍ＾２）数增加,增加５１．８￣１６３．６个／ｍ＾２）数增加,进而提高大豆     

“地膜玉米及配套增产技术”基础上的措施与成效

１９９７～１９９８年在贵州省毕节等１２县（市）实施农业部丰收计划项目—玉米地膜覆盖及配套增产技术，项目以玉米地膜覆盖为主，配套推广育苗移栽、杂交良种、绿肥聚垄、配方施肥、综合防治病虫害等实用技术，实施两年。共完成有效面积８．７７２万ｈｍ＾２，其中１９９７年４．３１万ｈｍ＾２，１９９８年４．４５６万ｈｍ＾２，项目平均单产３７１．４ｋｇ／６６７ｍ＾２，新增产９７．９ｋｇ／６６７ｍ＾２，增幅３５．８％，     

小麦新品种陕354高产性状的研究

本文通过分析密度试验和高产示范试验的结果,得出以下结论;陕３５４小麦新品种具有９０００ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２以上的产量潜力;获得９０００ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２以上产量结构为：亩穗数４０万,穗粒数４０粒,千粒重４０ｇ;产量因素中：千粒重对产量的作用最大,穗粒数次之,要夺得高产９００万／ｈｍ＾ｍ＾２,最高总茎数１２００－１３５０万／ｈｍ＾２,有效穗数５２５－６００万／ｈｍ＾２,应着重把冬前群体控制在适宜范围内,增加冬     

培矮64S／E32的特征特性及栽培技术

培矮６４Ｓ／Ｅ３２两年在湖南湘乡的试种表明,其叶片长、窄、直、凹、厚,株高１１８￣１１９ｃｍ,株型紧凑,“源”足“库”大,耐肥抗倒,在湖南中部地区作连晚栽培,全生育期１２８￣１３０ｄ,产量９．５ｔ／ｈｍ＾２左右。栽培技术上应早播早插,采用两段湿润育秧,秧田播种量１０５￣１２０ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,合理稀植,插２４丛／ｍ＾２,每丛插基本苗６本。本田施Ｎ２１０ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,Ｎ：Ｐ：Ｋ为１：０．６：０．８。     

石大豆1号高产栽培技术研究

采用二次通用旋转设计研究种植密度、尿素、三料过磷酸钙对石大豆１号产量影响，结果表明：这三项农艺措施对石大豆１号产量的影响依次为密度＞三料过磷酸钙＞尿素，适于石 大豆１号高产的密度为１．２９万－１．４５万株／６６６．７ｍ＾２、尿素为８．１－１１．０ｋｇ／６６６．７ｍ＾２、三料过磷酸钙为６．９－１０．７ｋｇ／６６６．７ｍ＾２。     

烤烟应用“丰收乐”效果研究初报

研究了“丰收乐”Ｃ型烤烟生长调节剂和烤烟壮苗素对烟苗素擀和烟叶产量,质量影响,结果是：“丰收乐”Ｃ型烤烟生长调节剂和烤烟壮苗素均能提高硝酸还原酶活性,矮化植株,促进生根,增大叶面积,增加叶厚度,提高叶绿素含量,增强烤烟幼苗素质。６６７ｍ＾２产量分别提高了７．６ｋｇ,１２．３ｋｇ均价分别提高０．２５元／ｋｇ,０．２１元／ｋｇ,上中等烟率分别提高４．４％,３．６％,６６７ｍ＾２产值分别提高９２．６７元     

A note on the origin of Kalanchoë x vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae)

Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Avoidance of leaf rust fungi in wild relatives of cultivated cereals

Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Mechanisms and diversity of resistance to sorghum shoot fly,Atherigona soccata

Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums.     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Reaction of tritordeum to Fusarium culmorum and Septoria nodorum

Summary Hordeum chilense is a wild barley extensively used in wide crosses in the Triticeae. It could be a valuable source of resistance to Fusarium culmorum and Septoria nodorum. Some H. chilense x Triticum spp. amphiploids, named tritordeums, were more resistant than the parental wheat line to these diseases, others were not. Average contents of ergosterol and deoxynivalenol (DON) suggested that resistance to colonization by Fusarium was the highest for Hordeum chilense, followed by tritordeum and wheat in decreasing order. In particular, the H. chilense genotypes H7 and H17 enhanced the wheat resistance to F. culmorum in its tritordeum offsprings. Resistance to S. nodorum in tritordeum was not associated with tall plant height. There is sufficient genetic variation for resistance to F. culmorum and S. nodorum among tritordeum to allow the breeding of lines combining short straw and resistance to both diseases.