云南宾川县亚麻生产技术系列报道之三 亚麻原茎高产栽培综合农艺措施数学模型的研究

试验应用农业系统工程学的原理和方法,研究探讨了密度、氮、磷、钾肥用量及氮肥施用时期五个主要栽培因素与原茎产量的相互关系。通过田间试验测得原茎产量参数,建立了亚麻原茎高产栽培数学模型,初步探讨出各栽培因素对亚麻原茎产量的影响、相互作用关系及最佳农艺措施组合方案,为亚麻原茎高产栽培提供科学依据。     

亚麻原茎高产栽培综合农艺措施数学模型的研究

试验应用农业系统工程学的原理和方法，研究探讨了密度、氮、磷、钾肥用量及氮肥施用时期五个主要栽培因素与原茎产量的相互关系。通过田间试验测得原茎产量参数，建立了亚麻原茎高产栽培数学模型，初步探讨出各栽培因素对亚麻原茎产量的影响、相互作用关系及最佳农艺措施组合方案，为亚麻原茎高产栽培提供科学依据。     

亚麻原茎综合高产栽培技术的研究

黑龙江省是中国纤维用亚麻生产的主要基地，面积和总产均占全国的80％以上。为了探讨亚麻高产栽培技术措施，曾进行过品种、密度、施肥、灌水等单因素试验，以探讨对亚麻原茎产量的影响。但是，原茎产量是受多种因素综合的影响。因此，只研究单因素的作用不能反映出亚麻原茎产量与各因素之间综合关系。为此，我们在单因素试验的基础上，于1991年研究了密度、灌水、氮、磷、钾等五个主要栽培措施与亚麻原茎产量之间的综合关系，为亚麻高产栽培提供了科学依据。试验方法与设计试验采用密度、灌水、氮肥、磷肥、钾肥五、因素五水平二次正交旋转…     

亚麻产量构成因素的相关性分析

亚麻单位面积的原茎产量是由单位面积的保苗株数与单株生产力所构成，而构成单株生产力的主要因素是株高和茎粗。这些产量构成因素之间往往是相互联系、相互制约的。本文对多年亚麻栽培研究中所积累的试验资料和数据，进行原茎产量构成因素的相关统计，以探明它们之间的相互关系，从而为亚麻高产栽培提供依据。统计分析结果如下。     

影响云南亚麻原茎产量的几个因素分析

通过正交试验和统计分析,研究了云南宾川地区品种、肥料、播种期、收获期对亚麻原茎产量的影响,结果表明:本试验条件下,播种期对亚麻原茎产量的影响最大,品种次之,收获期和肥料最小;并提出获得亚麻原茎高产的四因素最优组合.     

亚麻高产栽培技术及其理论的研究

采取综合农艺措施提高亚麻原茎产量对发展我省亚麻生产具有十分重要的作用。近几年来,我们采取单项科研成果与当地生产经验相结合进行大面积亚麻高产综合试验研究,探讨亚麻亩产275kg的栽培措施及规律。经过试验认为,在当前生产条件下,运用以旱作栽培为基础,抗旱保墒为内容,提高田间保苗技术为中心,     

亚麻高产栽培技术及其理论的研究

采取综合农艺措施提高亚麻原茎产量对发展我省亚麻生产具有十分重要的作用。近几年来，我们采取单项科研成果与当地生产经验相结合进行大面积亚麻高产综合试验研究，探讨亚麻亩产275kg的栽培措施及规律。经过试验认为，在当前生产条件下，运用以旱作栽培为基础，抗旱保墒为内容，提高田间保苗技术为中心，     

利用二次正交旋转设计优化亚麻栽培技术研究

为优化亚麻栽培技术,提高亚麻原茎产量,试验通过二次正交旋转设计分析了有效播种密度、氮肥、磷肥、钾肥对冬播亚麻原茎产量的影响。发现供试条件下,各因素对亚麻原茎产量的影响大小顺序为有效播种密度（X1）〉氮肥（X2）〉钾肥（X4）〉磷肥（X3）,不同肥料间互作不显著。并得到优化后的亚麻高产栽培方案：有效播种密度在3454.8-3502.3万粒/hm2,N263.2-337.7kg/hm^2,P2O5用量75.5-99.7kg/hm^2,K2O用量242.5-316.8kg/hm^2。     

免耕条件下亚麻干物质形成规律研究

为了研究免耕对亚麻干物质形成的影响,本试验采用随机区组设计,调查了免耕和翻耕条件下亚麻株高、茎粗、单茎重的增长规律,对亚麻原茎产量、种子产量、收获密度、生育期进行了比较分析。发现在该免耕栽培模式下,亚麻株高、茎粗、单茎重的增长曲线与对照基本一致,亚麻原茎产量增长1.5%,种子产量增长2.69%,密度降低3.98%;亚麻生育期推迟3 d左右,而土壤水分含量一直高于对照。总体来说,免耕条件下亚麻单株株高、茎粗、单株干重均与对照具有相似的累积规律,原茎及种子产量略有增加。     

亚麻产量构成因素的相关性分析

亚麻单位面积的原茎产量是由单位面积的保苗株数与单株生产力所构成,而构成单株生产力的主要因素是株高和茎粗。这些产量构成因素之间往往是相互联系、相互制约的。本文对多年亚麻栽培研究中     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.     

橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用

以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。