胰岛素和酶解配方奶粉对初生仔猪小肠生长发育的影响

为研究胰岛素和酶解配方奶粉是否促进初生仔猪小肠的组织生长和功能成熟,本试验比较了饲喂配方奶粉与饲喂配方奶粉补加胰素或酶解配方奶粉３ｄ后仔猪小肠的重量和长度,组织形态学结构,粘膜ＤＮＡ,ＲＮＡ和蛋白质含量,及小肠内容物中乳糖酶,麦芽糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性。     

添加胰岛素对新生宫内生长迟缓仔猪肠道生长发育的影响

比较了新生宫内生长迟缓(IUGR)仔猪及饲喂牛乳(M组)与牛乳补加胰岛素(Ⅰ组)3 d后IUGR仔猪小肠组织的生长发育情况。结果显示,3组仔猪的小肠重量、黏膜重和非黏膜重组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。Ⅰ组各肠段绒毛高度与M组相比均略有提高,但只有在空肠前段显著高于M组(P<0.05);Ⅰ组空肠后段的绒毛宽度显著高于M组(P<0.05)。Ⅰ组IUGR仔猪小肠黏膜DNA含量、RNA含量、蛋白质含量、乳糖酶活性、麦芽糖酶活性和碱性磷酸酶活性都较M组显著提高(P<0.05)。结果表明,口饲胰岛素可以促进新生IUGR仔猪机体的生长,并且能刺激IUGR仔猪小肠绒毛的生长和黏膜功能的成熟。     

胎儿宫内发育迟缓对新生仔猪小肠组织发育的影响

为研究胎儿宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)对新生仔猪肠道生长发育的影响,比较了初生组(D0)、母乳饲喂3 d组(D3)和母乳饲喂7 d组(D7)3组中正常仔猪和宫内发育迟缓仔猪的小肠长度和重量、组织形态学结构及黏膜DNA、RNA和蛋白质含量。结果显示,初生时,新生正常仔猪小肠总重和黏膜重、RNA和蛋白质含量显著高于IUGR仔猪(P<0.05)。新生IUGR仔猪小肠的肠壁厚度、绒毛高度显著低于正常仔猪(P<0.05);而IUGR仔猪相对于体重的小肠长度极显著高于正常仔猪(P<0.01)。生长至3日龄时,正常猪小肠长度、小肠黏膜重显著高于IUGR猪(P<0.05),小肠总重、肌肉重极显著高于IUGR猪(P<0.01);IUGR仔猪小肠的肠壁厚度、绒毛高度显著低于正常仔猪(P<0.05),而IUGR仔猪相对于体重的小肠长度显著高于正常仔猪(P<0.05)。7日龄时,正常猪的小肠黏膜RNA含量显著高于IUGR猪(P<0.05),其余指标没有显著差别。整个试验结果表明宫内发育迟缓对仔猪小肠组织发育造成不利影响,导致新生仔猪小肠黏膜重量、蛋白质含量、肠壁厚度和绒毛高度的降低;IUGR仔猪的小肠组织生长在出生后1周内能部分实现补偿,而且补偿生长的实现是随着日龄增加逐步完全的。     

添加胰岛素对胎儿宫内发育迟缓新生仔猪胃生长发育的影响

为研究添加胰岛素对IUGR新生仔猪胃生长发育的影响,试验选择初生IUGR仔猪共15头,分为新生对照组(N)、牛乳组(M)和试验组即牛乳添加胰岛素(60IU/L)组(I),人工饲喂3天后宰杀取样。结果显示,与N组相比,饲喂3天后,M组和I组仔猪胃重量、胃重/体重、胃壁总厚度及各层厚度、蛋白质含量、DNA含量、RNA含量、胃蛋白酶总蛋白水解活性均不同程度提高,而胃酶总凝乳活性极显著降低;与M组相比,I组胃重/体重、胃壁总厚度及各层厚度均略高于M组(P0.05),胃黏膜损伤较轻,胃蛋白质含量提高了11.52%(P0.01),胃DNA、RNA含量以及蛋白质/DNA比值、胃酶总蛋白水解活性分别提高4.11%、7.73%、7.53%、7.24%(P0.05),胃酶总凝乳活性略低(P0.05)。表明IUGR仔猪生后胃生长发育较迅速,添加胰岛素能在一定程度上刺激IUGR仔猪胃细胞增殖和增大,能显著促进IUGR仔猪胃蛋白质合成,有提高胃酶总蛋白水解活性的趋势,对IUGR仔猪出生后胃的生长具有一定的补偿作用。     

添加胰岛素对胎儿宫内发育迟缓新生仔猪胰腺生长发育的影响

(目的和方法)为研究添加胰岛素对IUGR新生仔猪胰腺重量、酶活性的影响,试验选择初生IUGR仔猪15头,分为新生对照组(N)、牛乳组(M)和试验组即牛乳添加胰岛素(60 IU/L)组(I),人工饲喂3 d后宰杀取样。(结果)结果显示,与N组相比,饲喂3 d后,M组和I组仔猪胰腺重量、胰腺重/体重、蛋白质含量、DNA含量、RNA含量、胰淀粉酶活性、胰脂肪酶总活性、胰高血糖素总含量均不同程度提高,而胰总蛋白水解酶活性、胰蛋白酶活性、胰糜蛋白酶总活性、胰腺胰岛素总含量均不同程度降低,变化较明显。与M组相比,I组胰腺蛋白质含量、蛋白质/DNA比值分别提高了61.43%、60.54%(P0.01);I组胰总蛋白水解酶活性、胰淀粉酶活性、胰脂肪酶总活性、胰腺胰岛素总含量、胰高血糖素含量分别提高了10.59%、10.40%、9.37%、14.30%、12.30%(P0.05);胰腺重、胰腺重/体重、胰腺DNA含量、RNA含量、RNA/DNA比值也不同程度提高(P0.05);而I组与M组间胰蛋白酶活性、胰糜蛋白酶活性差异不显著。(结论)表明IUGR仔猪生后胰腺生长发育较迅速,添加胰岛素能在一定程度上刺激IUGR仔猪胰腺细胞增殖和增大,能显著促进IUGR仔猪胰腺蛋白质合成和沉积,有刺激胰腺内外分泌部发育、提高胰腺酶活性提高、刺激组织激素分泌的趋势,对IUGR仔猪出生后胰腺的生长具有一定的补偿作用。     

八眉猪生长过程中肌肉内核酸与蛋白质含量的变化

采用生物化学方法测定不同生长阶段(初生和30,60,90kg)的八眉猪肌肉(背最长肌、股二头肌)内 DNA,RNA 与蛋白质含量。试验结果:肌肉内 DND、RNA 与蛋白质含量,以及 DNA、RNA 与蛋白质总量均随着猪只生长表现出明显的变化规律。肌肉内 DNA、RNA 含量呈显著下降趋势,DNA 含量初生至60kg 阶段间差异极显著(P<0.01),RNA 含量30—60kg 阶段间差异显著(P<0.05),而肌肉中蛋白质含量略有升高,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。整块肌肉内 DNA、RNA 与蛋白质总含量均随体重的增长而增加,而且初生至30kg 阶段间差异极显著(P<0.01),30—60kg 阶段间差异显著(P<0.05)。     

乳源性活性肽对新生仔猪肝脏抗氧化功能的影响

本试验选择10窝共20头初生仔猪,配对分为4组:胰岛素组(Y)、牛乳组(P)、酶解酪蛋白组(M)和牛乳酪蛋白组(L)。P组喂牛乳,Y组在牛乳中添加2.5mg/L胰岛素;L组用1.5%酪蛋白水溶液取代10%(v/v)的牛乳,M组用1.5%酪蛋白酶解液取代10%(v/v)的牛乳。仔猪饲喂3d后宰杀,分析肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量。试验结果表明:胰岛素可降低肝脏MDA含量(P<0.05),但酪蛋白酶解产物对MDA含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。胰岛素和酪蛋白酶解产物对初生仔猪肝脏SOD、GSH-PX和CAT活性均无显著影响(P>0.05)。     

乳源性生物活性肽对新生IUGR仔猪肝脏抗氧化功能的影响

本试验选择苏太初生IUGR仔猪10窝共20头,配对分为4组:胰岛素组(I组)、牛乳组(M组)、酪蛋白酶解产物组(CH组)和酪蛋白组(C组),饲喂3d后宰杀。另选5只初生IUGR仔猪立即宰杀,作为0d对照组(A组)。M组喂牛乳,I组在牛乳中添加2.5mg/L胰岛素;C组用1.5%酪蛋白水溶液取代10%(V/V)的牛乳,CH组用1.5%酪蛋白酶解液取代10%(V/V)的牛乳。宰杀后分析肝脏和血浆中SOD活性和MDA含量以及血浆中GPT和GOT水平。试验结果显示:酪蛋白酶解物可显著降低肝脏和血浆MDA含量,提高SOD活性(P<0.05),胰岛素可显著降低血浆中MDA含量(P<0.05);3日龄仔猪GPT和GOT均高于初生仔猪,其中I组、C组和CH组GPT均显著高于M组(P<0.05)。结果提示:胰岛素和酪蛋白酶解物可提高IUGR仔猪肝脏的抗氧化功能,促进肝细胞的生长发育。     

酪蛋白酶解物对胎儿宫内发育迟缓新生仔猪胰腺生长发育的影响

为研究酪蛋白酶解物对胎儿宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)新生仔猪胰腺生长发育的影响,试验选择初生IUGR仔猪15头,分为新生组(N)、酪蛋白组(C)和酪蛋白酶解物组(CH),人工饲喂3d后宰杀取样。结果显示,人工饲喂3d后,IUGR仔猪胰腺重量、胰腺重/体重和胰腺蛋白质、DNA、RNA、胰高血糖素的含量以及胰淀粉酶、胰脂肪酶总活性均较新生组极显著提高(P<0.01),而胰总蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶总活性均显著下降(P<0.05),胰糜蛋白酶总活性也呈下降趋势;CH组胰糜蛋白酶总活性比C组高50.00%(P<0.01),CH组胰腺组织蛋白质、DNA含量及胰总蛋白酶、胰淀粉酶总活性也较C组不同程度提高(P>0.05)。表明IUGR仔猪生后胰腺生长发育十分迅速,酪蛋白酶解物有刺激新生IUGR仔猪胰腺胰糜蛋白酶活性提高的趋势。     

乳源性活性肽对新生仔猪肝脏抗氧化功能的影响

本试验选择10窝共20头初生仔猪,配对分为4组胰岛素组(Y)、牛乳组(P)、酶解酪蛋白组(M)和牛乳酪蛋白组(L).P组喂牛乳,Y组在牛乳中添加2.5 mg/L胰岛素;L组用1.5%酪蛋白水溶液取代10%(v/v)的牛乳,M组用1.5%酪蛋白酶解液取代10%(v/v)的牛乳.仔猪饲喂3 d后宰杀,分析肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量.试验结果表明胰岛素可降低肝脏MDA含量(P<0.05),但酪蛋白酶解产物对MDA含量无显著影响(P>0.05).胰岛素和酪蛋白酶解产物对初生仔猪肝脏SOD、GSH-PX和CAT活性均无显著影响(P>0.05).     

党参多糖对仔猪生长性能、血清细胞因子及肠黏膜分泌型免疫球蛋白A含量的影响

本试验旨在研究党参多糖(CPP)对仔猪生长性能、血清细胞因子及肠黏膜分泌型免疫球蛋白A(SIg A)含量的影响。选取1日龄"杜×长×大"三元杂交仔猪60头(6窝),随机分为3组,每组2个重复,每个重复10头猪(公母各占1/2)。14日龄时开始试验,3组仔猪分别饲喂仔猪代乳料(对照组)、仔猪代乳料+1%党参多糖(低剂量组)、仔猪代乳料+2%党参多糖(高剂量组),所有仔猪21日龄断奶,试验期14 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,1)21日龄时,饲粮添加2%党参多糖极显著提高了仔猪的平均体重(P0.01);28日龄时,饲粮添加1%和2%党参多糖显著提高了仔猪的平均体重(P0.05)。22~28日龄时,饲粮添加2%党参多糖显著提高了仔猪的平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食量(ADFI)(P0.05)。2)21日龄时,饲粮添加2%党参多糖显著提高了仔猪的血清γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量(P0.05);28日龄时,饲粮添加1%和2%党参多糖显著提高了仔猪的血清IL-2、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)和IL-6含量(P0.05)。3)饲粮添加2%党参多糖极显著提高了仔猪的十二指肠、空肠和回肠黏膜SIg A含量(P0.01)。由此可见,饲粮添加1%和2%党参多糖能够改善仔猪的生长性能,提高血清细胞因子和肠黏膜SIg A含量,其中添加2%党参多糖的作用效果优于1%党参多糖。     

Feeding different amounts of colostrum or only milk replacer modify receptors of intestinal insulin-like growth factors and insulin in neonatal calves

Colostrum intake influences growth and development of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in several species and colostral insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II), and insulin are involved in neonatal intestinal tissue growth. We have studied IGF type 1, IGF type 2, and insulin receptors in the intestine of 8-day-old calves fed different amounts of colostrum or only milk replacer. Calves were fed colostrum of the first six milkings on the first 3 days and then milk replacer (GrC(6)) or colostrum only once and then milk replacer (GrC(1)) or they were fed only milk replacer from the beginning, i.e., no colostrum (GrM). Competitive binding studies and ligand blots confirmed the presence of IGF type 1, IGF type 2, and insulin receptors in mucosal cell membranes of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon. The IGF type 1 receptor number in ileum and total intestine in GrC(6) was greater (P<0.05) than in GrC(1) and in GrM, and IGF type 2 receptor number in total intestine was greater (P<0.05) in GrC(6) than in GrM. Insulin binding was best fitted by a model with two binding sites. High affinity insulin receptor numbers in duodenum, ileum, and total intestine were greater (P<0.05) in GrC(6) than in GrM. The data demonstrate that IGF type 1, IGF type 2, and insulin receptors in intestinal mucosa of neonatal calves are influenced by feeding.     

Effect of Supplementary Feeding Milk Replacer on Growth Performance,Nutrient Digestibility,Serum Biochemistry Indexes in Piglets during Lactation

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of supplementary feeding milk replacer on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,serum biochemistry indexes in piglets during lactation,and explore the feasibility of shorten the weaning age of piglets by feeding milk replacer. One hundred and twenty (twelve litters) 5 days old piglets with average body weight of (3.12±0.63)kg were assigned into two groups with sixty piglets per group (six litters)and one litter of piglets per replicate. The piglets in control group received supplementary creep feed and were weaned on 28 days old,whereas the piglets in experimental group received supplementary creep feed and milk replacer (creep feed:milk replacer=1:1) and were weaned on 21 days old. The piglets in experimental group were continued feeding with creep feed and milk replacer until 28 days old. All piglets were fed with same diets from 28 to 70 days old. The results showed as follows:① Comparing with control group,the body weight of piglets in experimental group were not significantly changed at 5,21,28 and 70 days old (P>0.05),ADFI and F/G were extremely significantly or significantly increased during 5 to 21 days old,22 to 28 days old and 5 to 28 days old (P < 0.01;P < 0.05),while ADG was extremely significantly decreased during 22 to 28 days old compared with control group (P<0.01).② The digestibility of GE,DM,OM and EE of experimental group were significant higher than control group (P<0.05).③ All serum biochemistry indexes between the two groups had no significant differences (P>0.05). In conclusion,supplementary milk replacer feeding could increase the feed intake and dietary digestibility of weaned piglets. The age of wean could be forward to 21 days old according to the final body weight of weaned piglets when fed milk replacer supplementation.     

哺乳期补饲代乳品对仔猪生长性能、营养物质消化率及血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究哺乳期补饲代乳品对仔猪生长性能、营养物质消化率及血清生化指标的影响,并探讨代乳品对缩短仔猪断奶日龄的可行性。选用120头（12窝）5日龄、平均体重（3.12±0.63）kg的仔猪,随机分为两组,每组60头（6窝,每窝为1个重复）。对照组补饲教槽料至28日龄断奶;试验组补饲代乳品和教槽料（代乳品：教槽料=1：1）至21日龄断奶,断奶后继续饲喂代乳品和教槽料至28日龄;28日龄后试验组和对照组饲喂相同日粮至70日龄。结果显示：①整个试验期,两组仔猪在5、21、28和70日龄时体重差异均不显著（P>0.05）;在5~21、22~28和5~28日龄阶段,试验组仔猪平均日采食量（ADFI）和料重比（F/G）均极显著或显著高于对照组（P < 0.01;P < 0.05）;而在22~28日龄阶段,试验组平均日增重（ADG）极显著低于对照组（P<0.01）。②试验组仔猪保育期的日粮总能（GE）、干物质（DM）、有机物（OM）和粗脂肪（EE）的消化率均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。③在70日龄时,两组仔猪各项血清生化指标均无显著差异（P>0.05）。结果提示,补饲代乳品可显著增加哺乳期仔猪的采食量,同时促进保育期仔猪对日粮中营养物质的消化吸收。从保育期末体重来看,哺乳期补饲代乳品的仔猪提前至21日龄断奶是可行的。     

Stimulation by colostrum or mature milk of gastrointestinal tissue development in newborn pigs

Porcine colostrum and milk were orally administered to newborn pigs to evaluate their gastrointestinal growth-promoting activity. Five piglets per treatment group were gavage-fed 5% lactose (L), defatted colostrum (C) or defatted mature milk (d 16 of lactation) (M) at 3-h intervals over a 24-h period. Colostrum and milk were administered on equivalent dry matter basis and all piglets received 1 mCi of [3H]thymidine per kg BW at the onset of feeding. Small intestines of C- and M-fed pigs were 1.6-and 1.3-fold, respectively, the weight of small intestines of those fed L (P less than .01). Total DNA content of intact small intestines were not different among groups; however, cpm [3H]thymidine/mg intestinal DNA of C and M piglets exceeded (P less than .05) that for L piglets. DNA content and cpm [3H]thymidine of intestinal mucosa did not differ among groups. Total protein in the intestines and intestinal mucosa of C pigs exceeded (P less than .01) that for L and M pigs. Total RNA in the small intestine and intestinal mucosa were similar for C and M groups but less (P less than .01) for L piglets. Stomach and pancreas weights among all pigs were similar, although C and M pigs exceeded L pigs in stomach (P less than .01) and pancreas (P less than .01) RNA content. In contrast, no differences in stomach DNA, protein and cpm [3H]thymidine or in pancreatic DNA, protein and cpm [3H]thymidine were detected. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to identify qualitative and quantitative differences in the protein compositions of porcine colostrum and mature milk.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

母带犊牛与离母犊牛的血清代谢组学差异

本试验旨在比较母带犊牛和离母犊牛的血清代谢组学差异,为开发犊牛代乳粉提供方向。挑选8头健康且体重[（13.88±0.54） kg]接近的新生犊牛（牦牛■×犏牛♀）为母带犊牛组,犊牛随母哺乳;另外挑选8头体重[（13.75±0.82） kg]接近的新生犊牛（牦牛■×犏牛♀）为离母犊牛组,犊牛饲喂代乳粉。2组犊牛10 d后自由采食相同饲粮。试验期90 d。试验结束当天晨饲前对2组犊牛进行采血,采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱（UPLC-QTOF/MS）对血清样品进行代谢组学分析。以差异倍数（FC）、变量重要性投影（VIP）和t检验P值作为筛选依据,筛选标准为FC<0.5或FC>1.5、VIP>1和P<0.01。结果表明,共筛选出DL-3苯乳酸、D-山梨糖醇和橙皮素等共30个差异代谢物（FC<0.5或FC>1.5、VIP>1和P<0.01）。差异代谢物通路分析表明,与血清代谢物的改变最为相关的是D-谷氨酰胺和D-谷氨酸代谢、牛磺酸和亚牛磺酸代谢、精氨酸和脯氨酸的代谢、乙醛酸和二羧酸代谢以及谷胱甘肽代谢5条代谢通路。离母犊牛血清中具有抑菌作...     

Transfer of maternal haptoglobin to suckling piglets

The acute phase protein haptoglobin (Hp) exerts immune modulating functions in the innate and adaptive immune system. In pigs, serum Hp concentrations are linked to impaired growth performance. There is little information on Hp in newborn piglets and the onset of endogenous Hp synthesis. In the first experiment we analyzed Hp concentrations in colostrum from sows (n=5) and serum from their off-spring (n=43) during the first 12h of life. The piglets were divided in a colostrum group which was allowed to suckle and a colostrum-deprived group which received a Hp-free milk replacer. We were able to show that serum Hp in newborn piglets increased 3h after colostrum intake whereas serum Hp remained low in colostrum-deprived littermates. The absorption of colostral Hp in the jejunum could be shown via immunohistochemistry. In colostrum suckled piglets, endogenous Hp synthesis in the liver increased 9h after birth, no increase in Hp mRNA was observable during the first 12h of life in colostrum-deprived piglets. From our results we concluded that maternal Hp is transferred to newborn pigs via colostrum and the stimulus for the increase in Hp synthesis is mediated by colostrum. In a second experiment we analyzed Hp in colostrum, milk and serum from sows (n=43) and their off-spring (n=442) from birth until weaning. Haptoglobin was high in colostrum (1.11 ± 0.10mg/ml) and declined to lower but stable milk levels (0.36 ± 0.08 mg/ml) until weaning. Colostral Hp and daily litter weight gain were negatively correlated (r=-0.5, p<0.01) whereas the relationship between piglets serum Hp and daily weight gain was weaker (r=-0.22, p<0.05). We therefore speculate that maternal Hp exerts systemic actions in piglets.     

铁过量或缺乏对新生仔猪血清生化指标及肝脏hepcidin mRNA表达量的影响

本试验旨在研究铁过量或缺乏对新生仔猪血清生化指标及肝脏hepcidin mRNA表达量的影响.挑选新出生的“杜长大”三元杂交仔猪15头[平均体重为(1.22±0.13)kg],随机分为3组,即缺铁组、正常组和铁过量组,每组5个重复,每个重复1头猪.3和7日龄时,缺铁组分别注射1 mL生理盐水,正常组分别注射1 mL右旋糖酐铁(含铁150 mg),铁过量组分别注射3 mL右旋糖酐铁(含铁450 mg).7日龄时,将所有仔猪全部处死,采集血清,并分离肝脏和脾脏,以测定血清生化指标、机体铁含量和肝脏hepcidin mRNA表达量.结果表明:肝脏、脾脏和血清中铁的含量均随着注射铁量的增加而显著或极显著增加(P ＜0.05或P＜0.01).与正常组相比,铁过量组血清中血红蛋白、球蛋白、总蛋白、丙二醛含量以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、过氧化物酶活性显著或极显著升高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),超氧化物歧化酶活性显著降低(P＜0.05);而缺铁组血清中血红蛋白、球蛋白、总蛋白、丙二醛含量以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶活性则显著或极显著降低(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),超氧化物歧化酶活性显著升高(P＜0.05).与正常组相比,铁过量组仔猪肝脏中hepcidin mRNA表达量极显著升高(P＜0.01),而缺铁组则极显著降低(P＜0.01).由此得出,铁过量或缺乏均会影响新生仔猪机体的免疫功能和抗氧化功能;铁过量可提高新生仔猪机体铁含量和肝脏中hepcidin mRNA表达量,铁缺乏则会降低新生仔猪机体铁含量和肝脏中hepcidin mRNA表达量.