Antifungal activity of the stem bark of Ailanthus excelsa

The methanol extract of stem barks of Alianthus excelsa was partitioned with chloroform. The chloroform extract showed fungistatic and fungicidal activity against Aspergillus niger, A. fumigatus, Penicillium frequentence, P. notatum and Botrytis cinerea.     

Phytochemical and antiinflammatory studies on Terminalia catappa

The antiinflammatory activity of Terminalia catappa leaves ethanolic extract was studied using 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced ear edema in acute and chronic models. A bioassay-oriented fractionation procedure showed that the activity concentrates in the chloroform fraction. Ursolic acid (1) and 2alpha,3beta,23-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (2), isolated from the chloroform fraction, exhibited strong antiinflammatory activities. The results suggest that the triterpenic acids 1 and 2 are responsible for the antiinflammatory activity of T. catappa leaves.     

山核桃外果皮中的抑菌活性成分

用不同溶剂对山核桃外果皮甲醇浸膏进行萃取分离,得石油醚相、氯仿相、乙酸乙酯相、正丁醇相,以番茄早疫病菌、苹果腐烂病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、水稻纹枯病菌、黄瓜菌核病菌等5种病菌进行抑菌活性试验.结果表明:正丁醇相抑菌活性最强,氯仿相和石油醚相次之,乙酸乙酯相最弱.对氯仿相进行初步分离,得到7个单体化合物:乔松酮,黄卡瓦胡椒素,5-羟基-4',7-二甲氧基黄酮,5-羟基-2-甲氧基-1,4-萘醌,5-羟基-6,7-二甲氧基黄烷酮,乔松素,β-谷甾醇,均为首次从山核桃中分离得到,它们对玉米大斑病菌和水稻稻瘟病菌孢子萌发均有不同程度的抑制作用.     

Antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis flowers

The flowers of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis showed interesting antibacterial activity against some gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts) and significant cytotoxic activity (petroleum ether, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts).     

Phytochemical and termiticidal study of Lantana camara var. aculeata leaves

Extracts of Lantana camara var. aculeata leaves were studied for their phytochemical constituents and termiticidal effects against adult termite workers. The 5% chloroform extract was found to be significantly effective against termite workers.     

Bioactive plants from Argentina and Bolivia

Antibacterial and molluscicidal activities of methanol and chloroform extracts of 16 plant species belonging to the families Compositae and Melastomataceae were evaluated. The chloroform extract of Vernonanthura tweediana and the methanol extract of Senecio santelisis resulted to be very toxic to brine shrimp nauplii (LC(50)=1 microg/ml). Chloroform extracts of S. santelisis and Senecio leucostachys as well as the methanol extract of Wedelia subvaginata displayed molluscicidal effects on Biomphalaria peregrina showing LC(100)<100 microg/ml. Moderate antibacterial action was produced by the chloroform extracts of Flaveria bidentis, Grindelia scorzonerifolia and Vernonia incana against two strains of Staphylococcus aureus.     

Antimicrobial activity of Plicosepalus acaciae

The antimicrobial activities of chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts of Plicosepalus acaciae leaves and stem are reported. In particular, the leaf methanol extract, showing the highest level of activity against the tested standard microorganisms, was effective also against a range of gram-positive and gram-negative clinical isolates from Sudanese patients.     

Antimicrobial and phytochemical studies of Swertia corymbosa

The aqueous, methanol, chloroform and hexane extracts of Swertia corymbosa were tested (in vitro) for their antimicrobial efficiency. Maximum inhibitory activity was noticed against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi.     

Antimicrobial and free radical scavenging activities of Teucrium montanum

The antimicrobial and free radical scavenging activities of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water extracts of Teucrium montanum were investigated. Ethyl acetate, chloroform and n-butanol extracts expressed a wide range of inhibiting activity against both Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria. n-Butanol extract possessed potent DPPH free radical scavenging activity.     

Antibacterial activity of Punica granatum

Successive petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and water extracts of Punica granatum were tested (in vitro) for their antibacterial activity. The methanolic extract was found to be most effective against all tested microorganisms.     

Insecticidal activities and active components of the alcohol extract from green peel of Juglans mandshurica

The extract of green peel of Juglans mandshurica Maxim was extracted by common method for studying its insecticidal activities and analyzing the active components. Results showed that the alcohol extract and the chloroform part of extract （separated with chloroform from alcohol extract） form green peel of J. mandshurica have insecticidal activities in contact toxicity and stomach toxicity against larvae of Lymantria dispar L.. After application of the extracts for five days, the corrected mortality of larvae of Lymantria dispar for both extracts was more than 50% in contact toxicity and stomach toxicity at the concentration of ≥ 5 g·L^-1. The insecticidal activity for both alcohol extract and chloroform part of extract is more effect in contact toxicity than in stomach toxicity, but no significant difference in the insecticidal activities was found between alcohol extract and chloroform part of extract. The active components in the chloroform part of extract from green peel of.J. mandshurica were analyzed by GC-MS. The analyzed results showed that the active components in the chloroform part of extract are： （1） joglone （5-hydroxy-1,4- naphthaoquinone）, the relative content 27.11%, （2） 1,5-Naphthalenediol, the relative content 9.52%, （3） 7-Methoxy-1-tetralone, the relative content 6.81%, （4） Benzofuran, 2,3-dihydro-, the relative content 6.76%, （5） 4-Hydroxy-2-methoxycinnamaldehyde, the relative content 3.99%, （6） 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol, the relative content 3.05%.     

Anti-plasmodial activity of the extracts and two sesquiterpenes from Cyperus articulatus

Two sesquiterpenes, corymbolone and mustakone, isolated from the chloroform extract of the rhizomes of Cyperus articulatus, exhibited significant anti-plasmodial properties. Mustakone was approximately ten times more active than corymbolone against the sensitive strains of the Plasmodium falciparum.     

Antibacterial spectrum of Hypericum hookerianum.

The antibacterial activity of the chloroform, acetone and methanol extracts of Hypericum hookerianum leaves and stems was evaluated. All extracts showed antibacterial activity against six different gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, the methanol extracts exhibiting the maximum inhibitory activity at 400 microg/ml.     

Antimicrobial activity of crude extracts and pure compounds of Hypericum hircinum

The antimicrobial activity of the n-hexane (H) and chloroform (C) extracts, the methanol extract (M) and its ethyl acetate (E) and n-butanol (B) fractions, and six isolated constituents of the aerial parts of Hypericum hircinum was investigated using an agar diffusion method. The maximum activity was exhibited by the methanolic extract against Staphylococcus aureus, while all pure constituents showed no antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms.     

Antimicrobial flavonoids from the stem bark of Erythrina burttii

The chloroform extract of the stem bark of Erythrina burttii showed antifungal and antibacterial activities using the disk diffusion method. Flavonoids were identified as the active principles. Activities were observed against fungi and Gram(+) bacteria, but the Gram(-) bacteria Escherichia coli was resistant.     

Cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity of extractives from Wedelia calendulacea

The cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity of petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts of Wedelia calendulacea were assayed by brine shrimp lethality bioassay and standardized disk diffusion method against 19 bacterial strains. Three diterpenes isolated from the plant were also evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activities. The LC50 for the crude extracts against the brine shrimp nauplii were found to be 4.59 microg/ml, 7.99 microg/ml and 14.88 microg/ml, respectively, whereas the positive control, vincristine sulfate showed an LC50 of 0.58 microg/ml. Among the crude extracts and pure compounds tested, (-)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid isolated from the chloroform extract showed the highest inhibitory activity against most of the bacterial strains with mean zone of inhibition of 10-21 mm at 200 microg/disc.     

浅谈紫穗槐4种提取液对大皱鳃金龟子的活性分析

以甲醇、乙醇、氯仿和蒸馏水为溶剂获得的4种紫穗槐提取液,对沙地害虫大皱鳃金龟子进行了活性测定。结果表明：乙醇提取液（100mg/mL ）对大皱鳃金龟子毒杀活性最强,氯仿提取液次之,蒸馏水和甲醇提取液在4种提取液中活性最差;紫穗槐4种溶剂提取液对大皱鳃金龟子均有一定的触杀作用,但是活性均不高。     

Antibacterial activity of the endemic Hypericum kazdaghensis

The antibacterial activity of the chloroform, acetone and methanol extracts of endemic Hypericum kazdaghensis leaves were evaluated by disc diffusion method. All extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity against all tested bacteria.     

Sesquiterpene lactones from Centaurea musimomum. Antiplasmodial and cytotoxic activities

The chloroform extract of the aerial parts of Centaurea musimomum exhibited significant activity against Plasmodium falciparum. The phytochemical study of this extract gave seven native and four acetylated sesquiterpene lactones.     

Antibacterial activity of Mappia foetida leaves and stem

Successive petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts of Mappia foetida leaves and stem were tested for their antibacterial activity. The methanol fractions were found to be most effective against all the tested organisms.