体外法研究烟酸对牛链球菌乳酸发酵的影响

本试验旨在研究不同水平烟酸对牛链球菌乳酸发酵的影响.采用单因素完全随机试验设计分为4组,分别在培养液中添加0(对照)、0.05、0.25、0.50 mg/mL烟酸,每组4个重复.39℃体外培养0、2、4、6、12、24 h后,测定培养液菌群密度、pH,测定12 h培养液的乳酸发酵指标和烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸浓度.结果表明,随着烟酸添加量的增加,菌群密度呈现下降的趋势,0～24 h平均菌群密度0.50 mg/mL烟酸组最低,极显著低于其他各组(P＜0.01).烟酸显著或极显著提高了2～24 h培养液pH(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).烟酸对单位密度细菌耗糖速率没有显著影响(P＞0.05),但0.25、0.50 mg/mL烟酸组显著降低了单位密度细菌乳酸产量(P＜0.05),极显著降低了产乳酸效率(P＜0.01);试验组乳酸脱氢酶活性均显著或极显著高于对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).烟酸对培养液氧化态烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)浓度没有显著影响(P＞0.05),但随着烟酸添加量的提高,还原态烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸浓度增加,且各组间差异极显著(P＜0.01).本试验条件下,烟酸可抑制牛链球菌增殖,并保证NAD+的稳定供给,维持了糖酵解的进行,减少了乳酸的生成,提高了培养液pH,其中以0.50 mg/mL的添加量效果最好.     

烟酸调节动物肠道黏膜屏障功能的分子机制

作为一种重要的维生素,烟酸在抑制肠道炎症反应及维持肠道健康等方面发挥重要作用。研究表明,烟酸可以直接结合烟酸受体G蛋白偶联受体109A(GPR109A)发挥其生理作用,还能够以辅酶烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD^+)的形式参与细胞能量代谢。本文主要阐述了烟酸维护肠道黏膜屏障功能的作用机制,为维护断奶仔猪肠道健康提供科学理论依据。     

犬烟酸缺乏症的诊治及初步研究

烟酸(nicotinic acid or niacin)也称作维生素B5,或维生素pp,分子式C6H5NO2。它是动物体必需的13种维生素之一,是一种水溶性维生素,属于维生素B族。烟酸在动物体内转化成具有生     

家禽易发生的几种矿物质缺乏症

矿物质在代谢中起重要作用,是畜禽体内重要结构物质。钙、磷是构成骨骼、牙齿的主要成分。磷在畜禽脏器中含量较多,参与畜禽体内每个生化反应。铜、铁等元素是酶的辅基或激素,在畜禽生理活动中发挥重要作用。     

烟酸烟酰胺的概念

烟酸和烟酰胺总称为维生素PP或抗癞皮病维生素,是较稳定的维生素之一,不易被热、氧、光、碱、酸破坏。烟酸和烟酰胺有同样的生理功能。烟酸在动物体内可转化为烟酰胺,烟酰胺是辅酶Ⅰ、辅酶Ⅱ的组成部分。而辅酶Ⅰ、辅酶Ⅱ是许多脱氢酶的辅酶,在体内氧化还原反应中起着传递氢的作     

畜禽维生素C缺乏症的病因、症状与诊治

维生素缺乏主要是因为动物体内抗坏血酸缺乏或不足引起的以皮肤、内脏器官出血、贫血，齿龈溃疡、坏死和关节肿胀为主要特征的营养代谢病。维生素C广泛存在于青绿饲料、胡萝卜和新鲜动物的乳汁中。各种动物可在肝和肾中利用单糖合成自身需要的维生素C，因而畜禽较少发病，主要发生在生长期的幼龄畜禽。另外，猪内源性合成的维生素C并不能满足其机体需要，仍需从饲料摄取补充。维生素C是含有内酯结构的多元醇类，水溶液具有较强的酸性。维生素C有氧化型和还原型两种形式，在生物组织中自成氧化还原体系，其具有光学异构体，自然界存在的有生理活性的是L-抗坏血酸。     

狐、貉维生素C缺乏症的防治措施

维生素C具有可逆的氧化还原性，广泛参与动物机体多种生物化学反应，最主要的功能是参与胶元的生成和氧化还原反应，能刺激肾上腺皮质激素的合成，促进肠道内铁的吸收，使叶酸还原成四氮叶酸，具有抗应激和提高抗病力作用。在热应激条件下，补加维生素C能提高存活率，并可促进增重。动物体内能合成维生素C，并满足正常生长发育需要，一般不会缺乏。但是，狐、貉由于妊娠的的应激反应，由生理上影响到胃、肠机能的改变，会出现减食、厌食，或短时间(几天)拒食。     

独活寄生汤配合治疗雏鸭烟酸和泛酸缺乏症

在肉鸭养殖过程中 ,种雏鸭烟酸和泛酸缺乏所致的瘫症 ,在某些地区发病率很高。我们对河南省的许昌、禹州等县市的 1 97家种鸭户进行调查 ,仅2 0 0 2年 3月到 2 0 0 2年 5月就有 1 9户近 2万只种蛋雏鸭患有此病 ,死亡约 30 0 0余只 ,5 0 0 0余只留有严重的后遗症。平均发病率 1 0 %左右 ,病死率 1 5 %左右 ,留有后遗症的占发病总数的 2 5 %左右。其他也有轻重不同的生产力下降问题。治疗重在相应物质的补充 ,但还是有大批量的病鸭留有后遗症。对此 ,我们使用中药成方独活寄生汤加减进一步治疗 ,收到明显效果。介绍如下1　材料与方法1 .1　试…     

烟酸的作用与需要量

1　烟酸的结构和理化特性烟酸是具有生物学活性的吡啶 - 3 -羧酸及其衍生物的总称 ,烟酰胺是它在动物体内的主要存在形式。烟酸的化学结构简单 ,理化性质稳定 ,不易被酸、碱、热破坏 ,预混料中的烟酸在 5℃、2 5℃和 3 5℃下贮存 2 4个月后 ,保存率均达 99% ,因而被认为是最稳定的维生素。2　饲料中的烟酸动物需要的烟酸有 4个基本来源 :天然饲料、动物特别是反刍动物瘤胃微生物合成、体内色氨酸转化及额外添加化学合成的烟酸。烟酸广泛分布于谷物籽实等天然饲料原料中 ,但不同植物品种中烟酸含量有很大差异 ,同一饲料由于受收获季节及加工…     

Pyrimidinyl nicotinic acid and cerebrocortical necrosis.

Pyrimidinyl nicotinic acid (PNA) exhibits great structural similarities to amprolium, which is a known thiamine antagonist. Experimental cerebrocortical necrosis (CCN) has been induced by oral administration of amprolium. PNA has been demonstrated in ruminai fluid from animals suffering from CCN.The aim of this investigation was to study whether PNA can act as thiamine antagonist and whether it can give rise to CCN. For this purpose PNA was synthesized and was daily given intravenously to a calf. The dose corresponded to roughly 10 times the content of thiamine in the blood. After three weeks the dose was doubled. During the entire experimental period comprising nine weeks no clinical sign of thiamine deficiency or CCN was noticeable. The values for all recorded blood chemical parameters, with the exception of occasional GOT and PK values, were within the normal limits of variation.Rats were used in a similar experiment with the same aim. PNA was homogeneously added to their feed in quantities equivalent to five and 10 times the thiamine content. The rats were clinically healthy throughout the experimental period comprising eight weeks. No significant difference in TK activity and TPP effect was observed between the experimental groups and the control group.     

Congenital ascorbic acid deficiency in pigs

In a swine production herd, spontaneous scurvy was observed among piglets 2–3 weeks after weaning. All affected pigs had the same boar as both maternal and paternal grandfather. The affected pigs had only traces of ascorbic acid in blood and tissues as compared to litter mates and other normal pigs. The ratio between the total numbers of normal and affected pigs in the 4 litters concerned was in agreement with a 3:1 segregation, which is characteristic of simple autosomal recessive inheritance in matings between non-affected carriers.Two affected pigs were restored to normal when given ascorbic acid in the diet. Without vitamin C supplement affected pigs died or had to be euthanized.Liver microsomes from an affected pig were unable to synthesize ascorbic acid in vitro with 1-gulonolactone as a substrate, unlike microsomes from normal control pigs.Key words: scurvey, vitamin C, congenital, inbreeding, pigs     

Poultry fat decreased fatty acid transporter protein mRNA expression and affected fatty acid composition in chickens

Background: A study was undertaken to examine the effects of poultry fat (PF) compared with those of soybean oil (SBO) on intestinal development, fatty acid transporter protein (FATP) mRNA expression, and fatty acid composition in broiler chickens. A total of 144 day-old male commercial broilers were randomly allocated to 2 treatment groups (6 replicates of 12 chicks for each treatment) and fed isocaloric diets containing 3.0% PF or 2.7% SBO at 0 to 3 wk and 3.8% PF or 3.5% SBO at 4 to 6 wk, respectively. Results: PF had no influence on intestinal morphology, weight, or DNA, RNA, or protein concentrations at 2, 4, and 6 wk of age. However, compared with SBO, PF significantly decreased FATP mRNA abundance at 4 wk (P=0.009) and 6 wk of age (P<0.001); decreased liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) mRNA abundance at 6 wk of age (P=0.039); and decreased C18:2 (P=0.015), C18:3 (P<0.001), C20:2 (P=0.018), Σ-polyunsaturated fatty acids (Σ-PUFA) (P = 0.020), and the proportion of PUFA (P<0.001) in the intestinal mucosa and decreased C18:2 (P=0.010), C18:3 (P<0.001), C20:2 (P<0.001), Σ-PUFA (P=0.005), and the proportion of PUFA (P<0.001) in breast muscle at 6 wk of age. Conclusions: PF decreases FATP and L-FABP mRNA expression and decreased the proportion of PUFA in the intestinal mucosa and breast muscle.     

Poultry fat decreased fatty acid transporter protein mRNA expression and affected fatty acid composition in chickens

Background

A study was undertaken to examine the effects of poultry fat (PF) compared with those of soybean oil (SBO) on intestinal development, fatty acid transporter protein (FATP) mRNA expression, and fatty acid composition in broiler chickens. A total of 144 day-old male commercial broilers were randomly allocated to 2 treatment groups (6 replicates of 12 chicks for each treatment) and fed isocaloric diets containing 3.0% PF or 2.7% SBO at 0 to 3 wk and 3.8% PF or 3.5% SBO at 4 to 6 wk, respectively.

Results

PF had no influence on intestinal morphology, weight, or DNA, RNA, or protein concentrations at 2, 4, and 6 wk of age. However, compared with SBO, PF significantly decreased FATP mRNA abundance at 4 wk (P = 0.009) and 6 wk of age (P < 0.001); decreased liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) mRNA abundance at 6 wk of age (P = 0.039); and decreased C18:2 (P = 0.015), C18:3 (P < 0.001), C20:2 (P = 0.018), Σ-polyunsaturated fatty acids (Σ-PUFA) (P = 0.020), and the proportion of PUFA (P < 0.001) in the intestinal mucosa and decreased C18:2 (P = 0.010), C18:3 (P < 0.001), C20:2 (P < 0.001), Σ-PUFA (P = 0.005), and the proportion of PUFA (P < 0.001) in breast muscle at 6 wk of age.

Conclusions

PF decreases FATP and L-FABP mRNA expression and decreased the proportion of PUFA in the intestinal mucosa and breast muscle.