热应激对小鼠附植前早期胚胎HSP70的诱导表达

选择超数排卵后怀孕昆明小鼠75只,以注射人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)后的胚胎发育阶段为标准,分别在合子、2细胞、4细胞、8~16细胞和囊胚期对孕鼠进行了37℃、39℃、41℃和43℃热应激4 h。热应激后取胚,用免疫荧光细胞化学法检验胚胎热休克蛋白70(HSP70)的诱导表达。结果表明,HSP70在4细胞以上胚胎内呈阳性表达,相对高温时其表达量增加,囊胚时最显著。可见,附植前早期胚胎HSP70的热诱导表达与细胞期和温度密切相关。     

柞蚕的热应激行为表现及2个热激蛋白家族基因的表达特征

野外放养柞蚕常受到高温环境胁迫,研究柞蚕对高温的应激反应和耐受性机制,有利于科学评价柞蚕种质资源对环境的适应能力。调查柞蚕5龄幼虫经39℃、42℃、45℃高温胁迫1~3 h后的热应激行为表现、恢复能力和转室温饲养48 h的死亡率,结果均表现出随温度的升高与胁迫时间的延长,蚕体热激反应加剧、恢复能力降低和死亡率升高的趋势。对3个高温胁迫试验组的柞蚕5龄幼虫,每隔0.5 h取脂肪体提取RNA并逆转录合成c DNA,经qRT-PCR检测热激蛋白基因Ap HSP70与Ap HSP90的表达变化,结果显示:高温胁迫后幼虫的Ap HSP70基因表达量显著高于对照组幼虫(53~777倍),39℃与42℃胁迫试验组幼虫在处理期间该基因的表达均逐步上调至峰值后再下降,其中42℃胁迫试验组幼虫在处理1.5 h时该基因的表达即达到最大值,基因表达量变化差异更为显著,45℃胁迫试验组幼虫在处理初期该基因的表达快速上调后再缓慢下降;高温胁迫后幼虫Ap HSP90基因的表达量也明显高于对照组幼虫(6~45倍),其中42℃胁迫试验组幼虫在处理2 h时该基因的表达达到最大值,之后迅速下降。研究结果初步揭示Ap HSP70与Ap HSP90基因可能在柞蚕幼虫对高温胁迫的适应性中起重要作用。     

黄芩苷对热应激条件下LLC-PK1细胞HSP70表达的影响

为了探讨不同浓度黄芩苷对热应激条件下猪肾小管上皮(LLC-PK1)细胞HSP70表达的影响,筛选出黄芩苷诱导热应激条件下细胞HSP70表达的最佳浓度。将培养的LLC-PK1细胞随机分为7个组,Ⅰ组为37℃常温对照组,Ⅱ组为42℃单纯热应激组,Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组和Ⅶ组分别为42℃热应激并用不同浓度黄芩苷(0.01~100μg/m L)处理组,运用实时荧光定量PCR和Western Blot检测HSP70 m RNA及蛋白的表达。结果显示,42℃单纯热应激能显著诱导LLCPK1细胞HSP70的表达;一定浓度范围内的黄芩苷(0.1~10μg/m L)处理的LLC-PK1细胞HSP70表达显著高于42℃单纯热应激;黄芩苷(0.01~100μg/m L)能显著上调热应激条件下LLC-PK1细胞HSP70的表达,且1μg/m L的黄芩苷上调效果最显著。     

预热诱导HSP70表达对高温引致胚胎损伤的保护作用

用37℃2 h条件下体外培养的小鼠囊胚作为对照,将体外培养至囊胚期的小鼠胚胎分别施以38℃2 h、39℃2 h、40℃2 h的预热应激处理,以观察热休克蛋白70(HSP70)表达对高温所致胚胎损伤的影响。用W estern-b lot技术检测小鼠胚胎内HSP70的表达,然后分别将预热胚胎和对照组胚胎置于42℃高温下处理3 h,用台盼兰拒染法检测胚胎存活率,判断HSP70表达对胚胎抵抗高温损伤有无保护作用。结果显示:39℃热应激处理2 h后,HSP70表达量达到最高水平,与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01);38℃热应激处理2 h和40℃热应激处理2 h组HSP70表达与对照组相比均有显著(P<0.05)增加;预热诱导组胚胎存活率明显(P<0.05)高于对照组,其中以39℃2 h组最高。提示HSP70的高表达可以抵抗胚胎对外界不良因素的刺激。     

热休克蛋白70上调表达对热应激猪小肠上皮细胞凋亡的影响

本试验以谷氨酰胺作为热休克蛋白70(HSP70)诱导剂,从细胞凋亡线粒体信号转导途径探讨HSP70对热应激猪小肠上皮细胞(IPEC-J2)凋亡相关因子的影响。试验以体外培养的猪小肠上皮细胞为模型,分别加入不同浓度(1、2、4、6、8、10 mmol/L)谷氨酰胺的培养基中培养24 h,提取总RNA和总蛋白,用实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot检测HSP70 mRNA和蛋白的相对表达量,筛选出谷氨酰胺诱导HSP70表达的最佳浓度。取对数生长期的细胞分为3组,分别为对照组(Con组,37℃培养12 h)、热应激组(Hs组,42℃培养12 h)、谷氨酰胺组(Gln组,6 mmol/L谷氨酰胺、42℃培养12 h)。采用Annexin V/PI双染法检测细胞凋亡水平,实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot分别检测HSP70、凋亡酶激活因子-1(Apaf-1)、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶-9(Caspase-9)、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶-3(Caspase-3)、B淋巴细胞瘤-2(Bcl-2)的mRNA和蛋白的相对表达量。结果表明:谷氨酰胺对HSP70上调表达呈先上升后下降的趋势,6 mmol/L的谷氨酰胺诱导时HSP70 mRNA和蛋白相对表达量最高,显著高于其他浓度(P<0.05),作为后续试验中Gln组的诱导条件。与Con组相比,Hs组细胞凋亡率极显著增加(P<0.01),HSP70、Apaf-1、Caspase-3、Caspase-9 mRNA和蛋白的相对表达量极显著升高(P<0.01),而Bcl-2 mRNA和蛋白的相对表达量极显著降低(P<0.01)。与Hs组相比,Gln组细胞凋亡率极显著降低(P<0.01),但仍极显著高于Con组(P<0.01);Gln组HSP70 mRNA和蛋白的相对表达量极显著升高(P<0.01);Gln组Apaf-1、Caspase-3、Caspase-9 mRNA和蛋白的相对表达量极显著降低(P<0.01),但极显著高于Con组(P<0.01);Gln组Bcl-2 mRNA和蛋白的相对表达量极显著升高(P<0.01),但极显著低于Con组(P<0.01)。由此可见,上调HSP70的表达可有效缓解热应激导致的猪小肠上皮细胞凋亡。     

褪黑素对热应激奶牛乳腺上皮细胞及育成牛血清HSP70含量的影响

为了研究褪黑素(MLT)对热应激奶牛乳腺上皮细胞(MAC-T)及中国荷斯坦育成牛血清中热休克蛋白70(HSP70)含量的影响,试验将体外培养的MAC-T分为对照组、热应激组、热应激+150μmol/L MLT组,以42℃作为热应激模型温度,37℃作为对照组培养温度,采用细胞增殖法检测细胞活力、实时荧光定量PCR检测细胞凋亡因子半胱氨酸蛋白酶3(Caspase-3),炎性因子IL-6、IL-8和HSP70 mRNA相对表达量;以处于热应激状态的中国荷斯坦育成牛为试验动物,随机分为对照组、试验A组、试验B组,分别皮下注射0,4.6,46 mg/d MLT,采用ELISA试剂盒测定奶牛血清中HSP70含量。结果表明：热应激处理4 h的MAC-T细胞活力与对照组相比显著降低(P<0.05),添加150μmol/L MLT可以显著升高MAC-T细胞活力(P<0.05);与对照组比较,热应激可以极显著上调MAC-T细胞凋亡因子Caspase-3和HSP70 mRNA的相对表达量(P<0.01),显著上调炎性因子IL-6、IL-8的相对表达量(P<0.05);与热应激组比较,...     

热休克蛋白70在热应激鸡原代心肌细胞中的表达与定位

为研究热应激后鸡原代心肌细胞中热休克蛋白70(HSP70)的表达量及其定位的变化,试验将体外培养的鸡原代心肌细胞分为6组,其中1组作为对照(未进行热应激处理),其余5组于42℃热应激处理0.5,1,2,4,8 h,Western-blot检测HSP70在6组鸡原代心肌细胞中的相对表达量,间接免疫荧光法测定热应激处理1 h后HSP70在鸡原代心肌细胞中的定位。结果表明:热应激后HSP70在鸡原代心肌细胞中的表达量呈先上升后下降趋势;与对照相比,热应激8 h后鸡原代心肌细胞的HSP70表达量显著降低(P0.05);HSP70在对照与热应激1小时时的心肌细胞中均有表达,且在细胞浆与细胞核中均有分布,但主要分布于细胞浆中。说明热应激对HSP70在鸡原代细胞中的表达产生影响,但对其在细胞中的分布无明显影响。     

断奶日龄对仔猪肾脏热休克蛋白基因表达的影响

为研究不同断奶日龄对仔猪肾脏热休克蛋白70(HSP70 mRNA)、热休克蛋白90(HSP90 mRNA)和热休克蛋白27(HSP27 mRNA)基因表达的影响,将24头体重相近的健康的杜长大仔猪按断奶日龄随机分为4组,依次于14日龄、21日龄、28日龄和35日龄断奶,所有试验仔猪于42日龄处死,取样,通过RT-PCR方法检测肾脏中上述三种热休克蛋白基因的相对表达水平。结果表明:14日龄和21日龄断奶组仔猪肾脏HSP70 mRNA的相对表达量显著高于35日龄断奶组(P0.05);14,21日龄断奶组HSP90 mRNA相对表达量显著高于28日龄和35日龄断奶组(P0.05),21日龄断奶组显著低于14日龄断奶组(P0.05);35日龄断奶组HSP27 mRNA相对表达量低于其他日龄断奶组,但差异不显著(P0.05)。说明断奶日龄显著影响仔猪肾脏热休克蛋白mRNA的表达,且随着断奶日龄的推迟肾脏中的HSPs mRNA的相对表达量呈下降趋势。     

运输应激对山羊心的病理损伤及HSP27、HSP70和HSP90表达的影响

运用HE染色法、透射电镜技术、免疫组织化学、免疫印迹和ELISA等方法,探讨不同运输时间对山羊(Capra hircus)心的病理损伤及对热休克蛋白表达的影响,分析公路运输应激2、6 h条件下山羊心的显微结构、超微结构及HSP27、HSP70、HSP90的定位和表达量的变化情况。结果表明运输应激组山羊心肌纤维有程度不一的弥漫性颗粒变性,细胞内线粒体肿胀、破裂,间质水肿、出血、炎性细胞浸润,毛细血管扩张、充血,运输6 h组的病变更严重。HSP27、HSP70、HSP90主要在心肌细胞的细胞质中表达,HSP27和HSP90在细胞核中也有表达,三种蛋白在不同区域的心肌纤维和心肌细胞中分布不均。与对照组相比,运输应激2 h组山羊心HSP27蛋白表达量显著升高,运输应激6 h组HSP27表达量下降;与对照组相比,运输应激2和6 h组HSP70、HSP90蛋白表达量均显著或极显著升高。总之,运输应激山羊心组织细胞发生了病理损伤,心肌细胞急性变性十分明显,运输应激6 h组心肌细胞变性更严重,运输后HSP27、HSP70和HSP90蛋白表达量发生了明显变化,与心的应激损伤存在一定的关联。     

Comparative studies on temperature threshold for heat shock protein 70 induction in young and adult Murrah buffaloes

To know the temperature threshold for heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) induction in lymphocytes and to assess physiological changes, if any, in relation to HSP70 induction in young and adult Murrah buffaloes, this study was divided into two parts: I. In vivo study: where assay of HSP70 was performed in blood samples collected from acutely exposed young and adult Murrah buffaloes (n = 6) inside a climatic chamber at 40, 42 and 45 °C for 4 h and thermoneutral temperature (22 °C). Physiological parameters viz., rectal temperature, respiratory rate, pulse rate and skin temperature of different body parts were monitored to assess magnitude of stress in the animals owing to thermal exposure II. For in vitro study, equal numbers of lymphocyte cells were separated from blood collected from young and adult buffaloes and were subjected to four temperature treatments (38, 40, 42 and 45 °C) for 4 h. A significant increase (p < 0.05) in all the physiological parameters in both young and adult buffaloes was observed after exposure to 40, 42 and 45 °C for 4 h as compared to 38 °C. The average plasma HSP70 concentrations (ng/ml) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) at 40, 42 and 45 °C as compared to 38 °C in both young and adult and were higher in young than adult buffaloes at 38 and 45 °C. Heat shock protein 70 level in lymphocyte lysate showed highest concentration after 3-h exposure to all temperatures (40, 42 and 45 °C) in both young and adult buffaloes. The intensity of changes of all physiological parameters was more in young animals than in the adults indicating the greater susceptibility of younger animals to heat stress and was found to be changed at around 40 °C when animals were exposed to different temperatures, indicating the possibility that HSP70 production may be initiated at this temperature which is 2 or 3 °C higher than core body temperature.     

东北野猪成纤维细胞HSP70基因表达对寒冷应激的响应

以东北野猪成纤维细胞为研究对象,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术,分析4、15、25和32℃不同温度冷应激条件下细胞内HSPT0mRNA表达变化规律。结果显示在冷应激的低温处理过程中,HSP70mRNA转录量在各温度均为见显著增加;在冷应激的复温培养过程中,HSP70mRNA转录量在4℃和15℃处理后4h后,复温培养的4～8h显著增加（P〈O．05）;在25℃和32℃处理后4h后,复温培养未能诱导细胞内HSP70mRNA转录量显著增加（P〉0．05）;细胞在4℃和15℃处理2、4、6和8h后,复温培养4h,HSP70mRNA转录量随处理温度的减低和时间的延长而增加,处理4～8h组显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）,在25℃和32℃处理2、4、6和8h后,复温培养未能显著诱导HSP70mRNA的转录（P〉0．05）。结果表明,冷应激诱导东北野猪成纤维细胞内HSP70mRNA转录量的增加,不是发生在低温处理的应激阶段,而是发生在复温后的细胞应激阶段,温和冷应激（25～32℃）未能诱导复温后HSP70mRNA转录量的显著增加,强度冷应激（4～15℃）诱导复温后HSP70mRNA转录量的显著增加,且与冷应激的强度和时间成正比。     

Purification, characterization and expression kinetics of heat shock protein 70 from Bubalus bubalis

The present work on Bubalus bubalis (buffalo) was designed to study heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) induction in lymphocytes, its purification and characterization. HSP70 induction and expression kinetics at different temperatures and time durations were also studied. HSP70 purification was carried out by immunoaffinity chromatography using adenosine di-phosphate (ADP-agarose column) and the characterization of the purified protein was done using western blotting by mouse monoclonal anti-HSP70. The molecular weight of HSP70 of buffalo lymphocytes was found to be approximately of 68 kDa and was less than that of bovine brain HSP70. The purified HSP70 was assessed using indirect inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A good amount of HSP70 (1430 ηg HSP70/100 μl) was recovered after purification, out of the total 2040.40 ηg of HSP70/100 μl of cell supernatant. To assess the impact of temperature and time dependent variability in the induction and expression pattern of HSP70, buffalo lymphocytes were subjected to three different temperature treatments, viz.: (I) 38 °C for 48 h and further exposed the same cells at 45 °C for 3 h, (II) 42 °C for 3 h, and (III) 45 °C for 3 h, respectively. The respective cell viability was found to be 68%, 63%, and 51%. The HSP70 levels were 58.30 ± 4.37, 42.59 ± 9.04 and 21.95 ± 6.79 ng/million cells, respectively, at three temperature exposures. The results indicates that higher intensity and duration of temperature exposure cause higher HSP70 induction in buffalo lymphocytes to maintain cellular homeostasis with a threshold of thermal dose for maximum HSP70 expression. However immediate induction of HSP70 in the lymphocytes was dependent on magnitude of thermal exposure (stress level) and time of thermal exposure (stress duration). The present study on HSP70 and its induction will help likely to solve the problems related to the present scenario of thermo-adaptability in buffaloes.     

Variation of heat shock protein gene expression in the brain of cold-induced pulmonary hypertensive chickens

1. Quantitative real-time PCR was carried out to evaluate gene expression of heat shock proteins (HSP) (HSP27, HSP56, HSP60, HSP70, HSP90 and ubiquitin) in the brain (hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain) of chickens with cold-induced pulmonary hypertension.

2. The ratio of the right ventricle to the total ventricle (index of pulmonary hypertension in chickens) was increased in the cold-induced pulmonary hypertensive chickens at 42 d of age compared with control. The HSP genes were expressed in the three parts of the brain in the two experimental groups.

3. In the hindbrain of cold-induced pulmonary hypertensive chickens, the relative gene expression of HSP27, HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90 was decreased while gene expression of HSP56 and ubiquitin was increased compared with controls.

4. In the midbrain of cold induced-pulmonary hypertensive chickens, the expression of HSP56, HSP60, HSP70 and ubiquitin genes was increased compared with controls while HSP27 and HSP90 were decreased.

5. In the forebrain of cold induced-pulmonary hypertensive chickens, the expression of HSP56, HSP60, HSP70 and ubiquitin genes was increased while the expression of the HSP27 gene was decreased compared with controls.

6. It is concluded that overexpression of HSPs in the forebrain and midbrain probably delays the pathological process of cold stress whereas diminished expression of HSP genes in the hindbrain may affect the normal function of brain centres in this area to exacerbate pulmonary hypertension.

     

Diminished gene expression of cardiac heat shock proteins in pulmonary hypertensive chickens

1. The relative expression of heat shock protein (HSP) genes (HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90) was performed using quantitative real-time PCR on tissue from the heart ventricles to investigate the effect of 3,5,3′-l-triiodothyronine (T₃)-induced pulmonary hypertension in broiler chickens.

2. The ratio of the right ventricle to total ventricle (index of pulmonary hypertension) was increased in the treated groups at 12 and 42 d of age compared to controls but was significant only at 42 d.

3. The HSP genes were expressed in the right and left ventricles of control but T₃-treated broilers at 12 and 42 d of age. The relative amounts of HSP60 and HSP90 gene expression in the right ventricle of treated groups were significantly increased at 12 d and decreased at 42 d of age compared to controls.

4. Variations of HSP60 and HSP90 mRNAs in the left ventricle were not significant. The relative amount of HSP70 mRNA expression in the right and left ventricles of treated groups was significantly decreased at 42 d of age compared to controls. HSP70 mRNA expression did not differ between the right and left ventricles at 12 d of age.

5. It is concluded that gene expression of HSPs (i.e. HSP60 and HSP90) was upregulated in the heart of chickens developing pulmonary hypertension syndrome, probably to delay the pathological process of disease. The right ventricle from hearts of pulmonary hypertensive chickens showed considerable reductions of HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90, which is evidence of a loss of compensatory responsiveness in dilated heart.     

Influence of induced heat stress on HSP70 in buffalo lymphocytes

Heat stress in farm animals, such as cattle and buffalo during summer and post-summer seasons is a problem for livestock producers. The effect of heat stress becomes pronounced when heat stress is accompanied with ambient humidity impairing the immune status, growth, production and reproductive performance of animals. Increase in HSP70 levels from cell cultures in presence of different stressors often does not reflect the physiological adaptability of animals governing thermal regulation. In this study we directly compared the effect of different heat stress conditions with the immune status and HSP70 expression patterns from buffalo lymphocytes both in vivo and in vitro. Murrah buffalo calves were exposed to induced heat stress with two experimental treatments: hot-dry (42 °C with existing relative humidity) or hot humid (35 °C with 70% relative humidity) condition in psychometric chamber, 4 h daily for 12 days and compared with control animals maintained in an experimental shed under natural conditions. There was >200-fold increase in serum-HSP70 levels in both heat stress conditions compared with control. Furthermore, the immune status of the calves failed to activate the level of HSP70 expression in serum lymphocytes. Lymphocytes cultured in vitro at higher temperature exert 2.5-fold increase in HSP70 concentration. This study is the first of its kind to demonstrate more complex expression pattern of buffalo serum-HSP70 level as a thermo adaptive response compared with in vitro treated cells. Results from this study indicate that serum-HSP70 levels could be used as a sensitive biomarker for heat stress management in large farm animals.     

夏季奶牛血液中热休克蛋白的表达量

选择40头体质健康的中国荷斯坦奶牛,根据胎次和泌乳天数,按照随机区组试验设计分为Ⅰ组（30kg/d）、Ⅱ组（30～35kg/d）、Ⅲ组（35～40kg/d）和Ⅳ组（40kg/d）。热应激前、热应激前期、热应激中期、热应激后期和热应激后分别于尾静脉采血,用ELISA试剂盒测定热休克蛋白（HSP）27,70,90的表达量。结果显示,Ⅳ组HSP27表达量最高,Ⅱ组表达量最低,Ⅳ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅰ组均显著高于Ⅱ组（P〈0.05）。HSP70表达量各组间没有明显差异,但随产奶量呈线性增加（P〈0.05）。HSP90的表达量,Ⅳ组和Ⅲ组明显高于Ⅱ组（P〈0.05）。HSP27的表达量热应激后差异较大;HSP70的表达量各组整个过程差异较大;HSP90的表达量在热应激前、热应激前期和热应激后差异较大。总之,在热应激过程,高产奶牛血清中热应激蛋白的表达量较高,HSP70表达量随产奶量呈线性增加,而不同热应激蛋白的变化规律差异较大。