乌骨鸡蛋重对孵化效果的影响

从种蛋贮存室里随机称取1000枚乌骨鸡种蛋,根据蛋重不同分为三组,第一组为48．5克以上,第二组为43～48．5克,第三组为43克以下,将这三组蛋进行同批入孵。结果表明第二组种蛋在受精率、早期死胚率、受精蛋孵化率、入孵蛋孵化率、健雏率、死胚率等孵化效果的指标上对其他两组有显著差异。     

蛋重对种蛋孵化效果的影响

探索种蛋蛋重对孵化效果的影响。结果表明：种蛋蛋重在５５ ～６５ ｇ 范围内孵化效果好,入孵蛋平均孵化率达７７７ ％ ,健雏率为９７１ ％ 。在实际生产中要选择５５ ～６５ｇ 的种蛋进行孵化。     

蛋重和蛋形对肉鸡种蛋孵化效果的影响

关于种蛋的大小及形状对于孵化效果的影响已为很多学者所指出。如邱祥聘（１９８０）认为,蛋的形态构造,如蛋重、蛋形、蛋壳质量等均与孵化率有关。指出最好的蛋形指数为７４％,范围为７２％～７６％,小于７２％的蛋过长,大于７６％时蛋过圆,都不符合要求［１］。王庆民（１９９０）、杨宁等（１９９５）指出,蛋重过大或太小都影响孵化率和雏鸡质量。一般要求蛋用鸡种蛋为５０～６０ｇ,肉用鸡种蛋５２～６８ｇ。合格种蛋应为卵圆形,蛋形指数为０－７２～０－７５,以０－７４最好［２,３］。蔡雄成（１９８３）［４］等认为,一般…     

蛋重对种蛋孵化效果的影响

通过孵化试验,探索了在高海拔地区蛋鸡蛋重对孵化效果的影响.试验结果种蛋蛋重在55 g至65 g范围内孵化效果好,入孵蛋平均孵化率在77.7%,健雏率为97.1%.     

山鸡的蛋重和蛋形指数对孵化效果的影响

影响孵化率的因素较多,就质量而言,除受精率外,主要是蛋重和蛋形指数。笔者于2005年5月10日7月21日在贵州省铜仁职业技术学院养殖场进行试验,测定蛋重和蛋形指数2个主要因素对孵化效果的影响。孵化机为北京生产的方通牌FT-ZCFC20全自动孵化出雏两用机,容量3 000枚。试验用的种蛋均来自铜仁职业技术学院养殖场产的健康无病、体型体重基本一致、4548周龄产蛋高峰期的山鸡种蛋,随机抽出1 360枚合格蛋测试。对供试每枚种蛋均测定蛋重和蛋形指数,将测得的蛋重分为3组,即≤24·9 g为Ⅰ组,2530 g为Ⅱ组,≥30·1 g为Ⅲ组。将测得的蛋形指数也分3…     

樱桃谷肉鸭蛋重对孵化效果的影响

通过孵化试验，探索了樱桃谷肉鸭蛋重对孵化效果的影响。结果表明，蛋重在85～99　g范围内的孵化率及健雏率显著高于蛋重在85　g以下及99　g以上两组（P＜0.01），而死胚率显著低于后两组（P＜0.01）。     

蛋重和蛋形指数对乌蒙凤鸡种蛋孵化效果的影响

为指导养殖企业建立科学的种蛋筛选标准,提高乌蒙凤鸡种蛋的孵化效果.本试验选择45周龄乌蒙凤鸡种蛋2481枚,采用完全随机2因素4水平设计,将种蛋按蛋重分为A、B、C、D四个水平,按蛋形指数分为1、2、3、4四个水平共16个组别进行标记孵化,分析蛋重、蛋形指数对孵化效果的影响.结果表明:乌蒙凤鸡蛋重在43.0～53.0 ...     

山鸡的蛋重和蛋形指数对孵化效果的影响

山鸡作为一种特种珍禽在我国已经人工养殖成功,山鸡肉质细嫩,味道鲜美,独具野味,并且具有食疗作用。饲养山鸡是一项高效益的“短、平、快”项目,具有易饲养、效益高等特点,作为我国传统珍禽出口产品创汇率高,是很有发展前途的特种经济禽类。但近年来,一些养殖场和珍禽养殖公司(户)饲养的山鸡产蛋性能差,孵化率较低,阻碍了山鸡养殖业的快速发展。而影响孵化率的因素较多,王世成等[1]将其分为两个方面,即种蛋的质量和孵化条件。就种蛋的质量而言,主要受受精率、蛋重和蛋形指数的影响,而受蛋重和蛋形指数的影响国内外报道较少,为此,笔者测定了…     

热应激对蛋鸭产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响研究

为探讨热应激对蛋鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质的影响,试验选用健康状况良好、体重相近、食欲正常的360日龄金定鸭200羽,随机分为适温组(20～25℃)、热应激组(32～36℃),每组4个重复,每个重复25羽.试验预试期7d,正试期28 d.结果 表明:(1)试验28 d适温组产蛋率、总蛋重、平均蛋重显著升高(P＜0.05);高温...     

棕榈粕对粉壳蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质量的影响

试验选用215日龄罗曼粉蛋鸡540只,研究添加不同水平棕榈粕对产蛋性能和蛋品质量的影响。试验共设3个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复36只鸡,随机饲喂添加两个水平棕榈粕（3.75%和5%）的日粮和未添加棕榈粕的商品蛋鸡饲料。试验结果经统计分析表明：各处理组在日采食量、产蛋率、平均蛋重、料蛋比、蛋壳强度和哈夫单位等方面差异不明显,说明蛋鸡日粮中添加棕榈粕3.75%和5%,对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质量未产生显著影响。     

Effects of poppy seed meal on egg production and hatching results in quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

This study was carried out to determine the effects of poppy seed meal (PSM) on the egg production and hatching of quail. Two experiments were undertaken. In the first experiment, 240 quail, reared under the same conditions, were divided into four groups of 60 birds each (which were, in turn, subdivided into four subgroups of 15 each for experimental replicates). The first, second, and third experimental groups were fed ratios containing 5%, 15%, and 25% PSM, respectively, over 12 weeks. The control group received no PSM. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum and artificial light was provided for 16 h a day. During the first experiment, egg production, egg weight, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured. In the second experiment, 240 female and 48 male quail were divided into four groups, as in the preceding experiment, and the birds were housed in cages at a ratio of one male to five females. The diets and their presentation to the quails were the same as in the preceding experiment. The results of the two experiments showed that the addition of PSM to the feed ratios increased egg production, feed consumption, and feed conversion per kg of eggs and per dozen eggs. However, PSM addition at all percentages significantly reduced (P<0.001) hatchability, mainly because of increased infertility and embryonic deaths.     

Effect of dietary defatted diatom biomass on egg production and quality of laying hens

Background： This study was to determine if feeding laying hens with defatted diatom microalgal biomass （DFA） from biofuel production affected their egg production and health status. Methods： Five replicates of 5 individually caged ISA Babcock White leghorn hens were fed 4 diets, including a corn-soybean meal control diet, a diet containing 7.5% DFA substituting for soybean meal, and diets containing 7.5% or 15% DFA substituting for corn and soybean meal. Body weights, feed intake, feed conversion ratio （FCR）, rate of egg production, egg size, egg mass, and several characteristics of eggs were determined at 4 and 8 wk. Venous blood was sampled at 4 and 8 wk for measurement of 5 biomarkers of health. Results： The15% DFA diet decreased （P 〈 0.05） feed intake, egg production, and plasma uric acid concentrations as compared with the control diet, but increased （P 〈 0.05） egg albumen weight and height compared with the 7.5% DFA diets. The two levels of DFA produced dose-dependent （P 〈 0.05） changes in three color measures of egg yolk, without affecting four hen plasma biochemical indicators of health. Conclusions： Feeding laying hens with 7.5% DFA in the corn-soybean meal diet for 8 wk had no adverse effect on their health, egg production, or egg quality, but 15% inclusion reduced feed intake, egg production, and efficiency of feed utilization.     

Effects of dietary barley inclusion and glucanase supplementation on the production performance,egg quality and digestive functions in laying ducks

This study evaluated the effects of barley inclusion and glucanase supplementation on the productive performance and digestive function in laying ducks. The experiment used a randomized design with a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement of 5 graded levels of barley (0%, 15%, 30%, 45% and 60%) with or without 1.5 g/kg β-1,3-1,4-glucanase (15,000 U/kg). During the experimental period of 120 d, the weight and total number of eggs within each pen were recorded daily, and egg quality was determined every 4 wk. At the end of the experiment, 3 randomly selected ducks within each replicate were sacrificed, then duodenal digesta and jejunal mucosa was collected. Dietary inclusion of barley had no effects on egg production, daily egg mass or FCR, but supplementation with glucanase improved egg production and FCR (P < 0.01). Barley did not affect feed intake of laying ducks, but glucanase tended to increase feed intake (P = 0.09). Neither barley nor β-glucanase had effects on the egg quality variables, except for yolk color score, which was decreased with increasing barley supplementation. Glucanase, but not barley, increased the activity of chymotrypsin and amylase in duodenal digesta. Barley inclusion affected the activity of alkaline phosphatase and maltase in jejunal mucosa (P < 0.05), but β-glucanase had no effects on the activity of these brush border enzymes. Barley inclusion increased the glucan content in duodenal digesta, but supplementation of glucanase to barley-based diet reduced digesta glucan content and reduced total volatile fatty acids and increased the proportion of acetic acid in cecal contents. The results indicate that, without glucanase, the optimal dietary barley level in the diets of laying ducks is about 13% for maximal production performance; glucanase supplementation of the barley diets improved production performance, probably through enhancing digestive function.     

蛋重对海兰褐鸡种蛋孵化率的影响

在相同的饲养条件下,随机选取320枚海兰褐鸡种蛋进行孵化。按蛋重将种蛋分为4组:Ⅰ组(51.0～55.9)g,Ⅱ组(56.0～61.0)g,Ⅲ组(61.1～66.0)g,Ⅳ组(66.1～70.6)g。通过研究比较4组不同蛋重区间内,海兰褐鸡种蛋的受精率和孵化率的变化情况,及胚胎在各胚龄失重和失重率的变化情况。结果表明:(1)Ⅱ组的入孵蛋孵化率分别比Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组高9.81%、4.62%、7.11%(P> 0.05)。Ⅱ组的18胚龄失重率分别比Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组低10.99%、5.33%、34.82%(P <0.05)。(2)海兰褐鸡种蛋孵化的最佳蛋重区间为56.0～61.0 g。超出此范围,种蛋的受精率和孵化率均有所降低。在生产实践中,必须选择适宜重量的种蛋进行孵化,以保证较好的孵化效果。(3)海兰褐鸡种蛋整个孵化期内,失重过程稳定。入孵蛋重不同,种蛋的失重率不同。失重率越高,种蛋孵化率越低。     

Dietary soluble non-starch polysaccharide level and xylanase supplementation influence performance,egg quality and nutrient utilization in laying hens fed wheat-based diets

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary soluble non-starch polysaccharide (sNSP) content and xylanase supplementation on production performance, egg quality parameters, and nutrient digestibility in Hy-line Brown layers from 25 to 32 wk of age. A total of 144 Hy-line Brown laying hens (25 wk of age) were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 wheat-based dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial experimental design, with 36 replicates of individual hens per treatment. The diets were formulated to contain either a high or low sNSP level (at 13.3 or 10.8 g/kg) and were supplemented with either 0 or 12,000 BXU/kg exogenous xylanase. Birds were fed these treatment diets for an 8-wk period, and hen production performance, including daily egg production, average egg weight, daily egg mass, feed conversion ratio and proportion of dirty and abnormal eggs were measured at bird age 25 to 28 wk and 29 to 32 wk. An interaction between sNSP content of the diet and xylanase supplementation was observed on daily egg production from 25 to 28 wk of age (P = 0.018); birds fed the high sNSP diet without xylanase had lower egg production than those fed any other treatment. An interaction between the 2 dietary factors was also observed on hen weight gain at 29 to 32 wk of age (P = 0.014), with birds fed the low sNSP diet with 12,000 BXU/kg xylanase presenting greater weight gain compared to those fed the high sNSP diet with 12,000 BXU/kg xylanase. Feed intake at 29 to 32 wk of age was reduced by xylanase supplementation (P = 0.047). Xylanase supplementation also increased yolk colour score at both 28 and 32 wk of age, and decreased yolk weight at 32 wk of age (P = 0.014, 0.037 and 0.013, respectively). Birds fed the low sNSP diet presented lower protein digestibility (P = 0.024) than those fed the high sNSP diet. Additionally, birds fed high sNSP presented higher shell reflectivity at both 28 and 32 wk of age (P = 0.05 and 0.036, respectively). The influence of duration of feeding the treatment diets on egg quality was also determined. It was observed that egg weight, yolk weight and yolk colour score consistently increased over time, regardless of experimental treatment effects. In contrast, Haugh Unit and albumen height significantly decreased throughout the study period in all treatments, although this was less pronounced in hens fed the treatment with high sNSP and no supplemental xylanase. A reduction in shell breaking strength over time was observed only in hens fed the treatments without xylanase addition, and shell thickness was improved over time only in birds fed the low sNSP diet with xylanase. The impacts of the dietary treatments were largely inconsistent in this study, so a solid conclusion cannot be drawn. However, these findings do indicate that dietary NSP level influences layer production performance, and thus should be considered when formulating laying hen diets. It also proved that further research is warranted into how to optimize the benefits of xylanase application in laying hens.     

大恒优质肉鸡S01和S05品系的蛋品质测定与分析

本试验选取大恒肉鸡S01和S05品系在相同条件下饲养,300日龄时分别随机抽取新鲜种蛋100枚进行蛋品质测定。测定结果如下:S01品系蛋重为57.1g,蛋形指数为1.39,蛋壳强度为3.6kg/cm2,蛋壳厚度为0.37mm,哈氏单位为78.7;S05品系蛋重为58.6g,蛋形指数为1.34,蛋壳强度为3.7kg/cm2,蛋壳厚度为0.37mm,哈氏单位为82.6。结果表明S05品系的蛋品质优于S01品系,两品系种蛋的各项蛋品质指标均在正常范围内。     

Effect of dietary supplementation with fermented Ginkgo-leaves on performance,egg quality,lipid metabolism and egg-yolk fatty acids composition in laying hens

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of 3 types of fermented Ginkgo-leaves (FGL) on layer performance, egg quality, lipid metabolism, microbial populations, and egg-yolk fatty acids composition in laying hens. A total of 432 Lohmann Brown laying hens, 49 weeks of age, were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments with 6 replications of 18 birds each. Layers were fed basal diets (Control) or basal diets supplemented with 0.5% Ginkgo-leaves fermented with Candida utilis (CF group), Aspergillus niger (AF group), or their combined fermentation (CAF group), respectively, for an 8-week feeding trial. Compared with the control group, AF and CAF supplementation improved (P<0.05) laying rate and feed conversion ratio. Birds fed FGL (CF, AF and CAF) supplemented diet had a decrease (P<0.05) in cracked-egg rate, egg-yolk cholesterol, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, while serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations of birds from CF and AF groups were increased (P<0.05) compared with that of the control. The concentrations of C18:1 (n-9), C18:2 (n-6), total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), ratio of PUFA/saturated fatty acids (SFA) and n-6: n-3 was increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01) with FGL supplementation. While FGL supplementation led to a decrease in total saturated fatty acids (P=0.01) concentrations. In addition, ileal and cecum Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria populations of birds fed FGL were increased (P<0.05) compared with the control group, while ileal Escherichia coli, Salmonellas, and cecal Salmonellas were decreased in birds fed FGL. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of FGL, especially AF and CAF, in layer diets may be a feasible means of producing eggs with lower cholesterol and higher PUFA contents for health conscious consumers.     

北京鸭蛋重与受精率、孵化率、蛋形指数及出雏重的关系

本研究将北京鸭Z1系种蛋分为小蛋组(82～92g)、中蛋组(92～105g)和大蛋组(106～124g),分别研究蛋重与受精率、孵化率、蛋形指数及初出重等性状的关系.结果表明蛋重对受精率的影响差异不显著(P＞0.05),但随着蛋重增大,受精率有增大的趋势;孵化率随蛋重的增加而显著减小(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);蛋重对蛋形指数的影响不显著(P＞0.05);雏鸭出生重受蛋重的正向影响差异极显著(P＜0.01).综合以上结果,本文得出北京鸭Z1系适宜孵化的蛋重范围是82～105g.