A COMPARISON OF URINARY SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND OSMOLALITY IN SHEEP

Urinary specific gravity and osmolality were determined on urine samples collected from three categories of sheep -- animals that were normal, in diuresis or had nephron numbers reduced surgically. Values for specific gravity and osmolality were compared and regression coefficients calculated for each category of sheep. In this study, specific gravity was found to be a relatively reliable indicator of osmolality, the correlation being highest in the urine from the sheep with reduced nephron numbers.     

绵羊粪便中毛圆线虫卵培养和感染性幼虫分离法的比较

目的　为比较毛圆线虫卵培养和感染性幼虫分离的几种方法。方法　采用培养中添加锯末,蛭石培养羊粪及分离幼虫用纱布袋浸泡、贝尔曼分虫法、广口罐分离法。结果　在绵羊粪便毛圆线虫卵的培养中,用锯末作为添加物较蛭石作添加物,幼虫的孵化率提高1.8倍,两者差异显著(P≤0.05);用纱布袋浸泡法进行粪便培养物中感染性幼虫的分离,较贝尔曼分虫法提高3.7倍;较广口罐分离法提高2.6倍。结论　以上方法分离的感染性幼虫再经蔗糖垫层离心提取后,可得到纯净、高密度的活性虫体。     

BIOCHEMISTRY OF NATURAL AND AMPROLIUM-INDUCED POLIOENCEPHALOMALACIA IN SHEEP

SUMMARY Polioencephalomalacia (PEM) induced in sheep was compared with the disease found in naturally occurring cases. Blood biochemical indicators measured were pyruvate, lactate, glucose, erythrocyte transketolase (TK) and stimulation of TK by addition of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP effect). Faeces and rumen contents were assayed for thiaminase activity. The effect of treating affected sheep with thiamine was also noted. It was found that amprolium treatment could induce thrombocytopenia, but once the sheep became accustomed to amprolium in the diet they seemed to be resistant to this effect. In sheep receiving amprolium significant weight losses preceded the onset of clinical signs. Further weight loss continued throughout the recovery period despite removal of amprolium from the diet and treatment with thiamine. Blood glucose was variable, and was elevated only when marked clinical signs were present. Pyruvate and lactate levels showed marked variation throughout the trial. TK values were depressed and TPP effects increased well before the onset of clinical signs, although some naturally occurring cases had normal levels. Faecal thiaminase activity was negligible in all the sheep on the amprolium trial but most field cases had a high level. High faecal thiaminase was observed in about 5% of clinically normal animals from affected flocks. Depression of erythrocyte TK activity coupled with the presence of faecal thiaminase appeared to be the most reliable diagnostic biochemical parameters for PEM. Treatment of PEM affected sheep with thiamine rapidly brought the biochemical status of the animals to normal. However where advanced brain lesions were present the damage was permanent and such sheep treated with thiamine remained partially decorticate.     

SEROLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF AUSTRALIAN STRAINS OF ERYSIPELOTHRIX RHUSIOPATHIAE ISOLATED FROM PIGS, SHEEP, TURKEYS AND MAN

154 strains of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae from pigs, sheep, turkeys and man were serotyped by using the double diffusion gel precipitation test. Ten of the 18 serotypes were detected in 151 of the strains. Three strains failed to react with any of the type specific antisera. It was found that serotype 1a shared an antigen(s) with serotype 1b, and that serotype 6 shared an antigen(s) with serotype 14. Serotype 2a and 2b were difficult to distinguish. Since serotypes 1 and 2 were isolated from cases of septicaemia in pigs, and since serotypes 1, 2, 4 and 7 were isolated from cases of arthritis, it was suggested that factors other than serotype were important in causing the various forms of swine erysipelas. The fact that the distribution of serotypes 1a, 1b and 2b between septicaemic and arthritic pigs was similar supported the conclusion that arthritis was consequent to bacteraemia. Serotypes 1a, 1b, 2b, 5, 12 and 15 were isolated from cases of arthritis in sheep, and serotypes 1a and 5 from cases of erysipelas in turkeys. Serotype 2b was isolated from a human specimen.     

绵羊与牛片形吸虫病的粪便检测新技术

本文应用廖党金 (1 996)的方法 [9] ,并对粪便的不同稀释度和采样量进行处理来检测绵羊和牛片形吸虫病。选 2只绵羊 ,每羊分别称取 1 g、3g、5g、8g、1 1 g和 1 4g粪便样品 ,每个样品沉淀液分别做 5～ 1 0 m L/g的稀释 ;选 3头黄牛 ,每牛分别称取 3个 1 0 g粪便样品 ,样品沉淀液分别做 3～5m L/g、5～ 7m L /g和 5～ 8m L /g稀释度 ,然后计数其片形吸虫虫卵 ,结果表明每 g羊粪便沉淀液稀释 5～ 1 0 m L和每 g牛粪便沉淀液稀释 3～ 7m L较佳。对片形吸虫虫卵在牛和羊粪便中分布的均匀性测定 :在 6只绵羊 ,从每只绵羊一次排出粪便的 6个不同部位各取一个 2 g重的小样品 ,分别对这 6个小样品处理、计片形吸虫虫卵数 ,求出其 EPG值 ;在 4头黄牛 ,从每头黄牛一次排出的粪便的 5个不同部位各取 1 0 g重的小样品 ,分别对这 5个小样品处理、计片形吸虫虫卵数 ,求出其 EPG值。然后用数学方法分别处理其 EPG值 ,结果表明用本检测方法检查绵羊片形吸虫病所需的粪便采样量每只羊应在 4.7g以上 ,检查牛片形吸虫病所需的粪便采样量每头牛应在 2 7.5g以上     

亮氨酸和缬氨酸在绵羊骨骼肌和肾组织中的分解代谢

本研究测得5头15月龄体重33.5±2.5千克的美利奴羯羊血浆、骨骼肌和肾组织中游离分支氨基酸含量为:缬氨酸含量>亮氨酸含量)异亮氨酸含量。组织中游离分支氨基酸含量略高于血浆中含量。不同组织(骨骼肌和肾)中分支氨基酸转氨酶(EC 2.6.1.42)在作用底物(亮氨酸或缬氨酸)相同时的Km值相近似,但Vmax却呈现较大的差异。组织中游离亮氨酸和缬氨酸在不同含量水平下的转氨基分解量显著不同(P<0.01)。当组织中游离亮氨酸和缬氨酸含量在1.5～5倍于正常组织水平范围内变化时,分解量的增加幅度为0.5～3倍。实验结果初步表明,酶的活性诱导作用是绵羊组织中分支氨基酸代谢性拮抗作用机制之一。