共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 12 毫秒
1.
为确定河北省中部地区小麦品种适播期,筛选耐迟播品种,2011年秋至2014年夏在河北藁城采用播期×品种二因子裂区试验,研究了不同播期对当地12个主栽小麦品种产量的影响以及不同品种对冬前积温的响应。结果表明,播期对小麦产量有显著影响;不同品种对播期响应差异明显,分为迟钝型、中间型和迟播敏感型。迟钝型品种对播期不敏感,适播期长,冬前≥0℃积温范围为324~560℃,迟播后穗数和产量稳定;中间型品种适播期较长,积温范围为362~566℃,迟播后粒数增加,穗数和产量降低;迟播敏感型品种对播期敏感,适播期较短,积温大于511℃,不宜晚播,晚播后穗数和产量明显下降。在试验地区,推荐小麦适播期为迟钝型品种10月7日至22日、中间型品种10月7日至19日、敏感型品种10月5日至10日。 相似文献
2.
不同播期对直播早稻干物质积累的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为明确播期对直播早稻个体和群体干物质积累的影响。以常规籼稻中早35和中早39为材料,利用大田分期播种试验,分析不同播期直播早稻干物质积累及转运的差异。结果表明,随播期推迟,全生育期积温逐渐减少,抽穗后积温逐渐增加。成苗率随分蘖前日平均温度升高而增加,成苗率与单株干物质积累量呈系数为0.83以上的极显著负相关关系,与单位面积干物质积累量呈系数为0.72以上的显著正相关关系。随播期推迟,茎叶干物质向子粒输出转化逐渐减少,单株和单位面积茎叶干物质输出转化与抽穗后积温呈负相关关系,单株抽穗后光合产物积累量随积温增加而减少,单位面积抽穗后光合产物积累量随积温增加而增加。在水稻直播生产过程中,提前播种,保证一定基本苗,协调好个体和群体干物质积累和转化,能获得较高产量。 相似文献
3.
江苏不同熟期粳稻品种的齐穗期和安全播期预测 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为明确当前江苏各地不同熟期粳稻品种的安全播期,以江苏的4个熟期类型的5个常规粳稻品种为材料,在江苏连云港(34°83′N)、淮安(33°34′N)、扬州(32°25′N)和苏州(31°18′N)等4地,进行自5月10日起每10天1期,共8个播期的播种试验,得出各播期的相应齐穗期。以齐穗期温光预测模型y=a+b1x1+b2x2拟合其实得的播期与齐穗期资料。用该模型拟合4个试验点、5个供试品种计20组数据,得出20个预测式,其拟合度R2在0.9927~0.9998之间,均达极显著水平。用各试点所在地近25年各年粳稻品种安全齐穗期及逐日平均温度,依齐穗期光温模型预测式经多次迭代推得各年的安全播期,进而求得90%保证率的安全播期并作各地生产应用分析。在江苏淮北的北部,麦稻两熟田水稻的可播栽始期为6月15日,中熟中粳的安全播期为6月21日,此类品种可用于该地直播;其他各熟期类型品种安全播期均早于当地可播栽始期,故不能用于直播。在淮北南部稻麦两熟田的可播栽始期为6月12日左右,中熟中粳和迟熟中粳的安全播期分别在7月4日和6月22日,此两类品种可用于该地麦茬直播;早熟晚粳安全播期在6月17日、18日,在大面积生产中因接茬时间过紧应慎用于麦茬直播;中熟晚粳的安全播期为6月8日,不可用于直播。在苏中南部,水稻可播栽始期为6月8至11日,中熟中粳、迟熟中粳、早熟晚粳类型两品种的安全播期分别在7月12日、3日、6月25日和28日,可用于该地直播;中熟晚粳的安全播期为6月11日,用于直播接茬时间太紧,不可应用。在苏南,水稻的可播栽始期为6月5日,供试4熟期类型品种的安全播期分别为7月18日、13日、9日至10日和7月3日,仅考虑安全齐穗各熟期类型品种均可用于麦茬直播,但因中粳类型品种直播稻生育期过短、产量不高,不宜应用。 相似文献
4.
加工型甜椒不同播期试验研究初报 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过不同播期在加工型甜椒上进行了试验,结果表明,播期从02-25 ̄03-12,在温室育大龄苗,选用本地主栽品种茄门甜椒,播期越迟,甜椒的单株结果数、单果重、果肉厚度减低,日灼病的发病率提高,前期产量及总产量减低,综合产量、产值等因素分析认为,在河西地区,加工型甜椒品种的适宜播种时期为02-25 ̄03-02。 相似文献
5.
为明确不同播期播量处理对两种穗型小麦群体结构和产量构成要素的影响,以大穗型品种山农23号和多穗型品种济麦22为材料,研究了小麦群体动态、花后叶面积指数、子粒灌浆进程及产量构成要素的变化规律。结果表明,10月10日播期处理有利于两个品种小麦群体的构建,延迟播期后,即使增大播量也不能获得高产。山农23号在延迟播期后,有效叶面积减少,子粒灌浆速率减慢,单位面积穗数和穗粒数降低,差异显著,加大播量后,穗粒数减少,千粒重降低;济麦22延迟播期后单位面积穗数和千粒重下降,加大播量后,单位面积穗数不升反降,花后叶片衰老加剧。本试验条件下,两个品种的最适播期均为10月10日,山农23号的适宜播量为180kg/hm 2,济麦22的适宜播量为105kg/hm 2。 相似文献
6.
旨在确定探明不同高蛋白大豆品种的最佳播期。本试验以黑龙江省三江平原主栽的4 个高蛋白大豆品种分7 个播期进行栽培,研究了播期对高蛋白大豆品质及产量的影响。结果表明:4 个高蛋白大豆品种在各播期蛋白质含量均值变化范围为39.14%~45.26%,最大变化幅度为15.64%;脂肪含量均值变化范围为18.82%~20.30%,最大变化幅度为7.86%;产量变化范围为2064.2~3068.1 kg/hm2,蛋白质产量均值变化范围为807.2~1377.9 kg/hm2,产量和蛋白质产量均随播期变化呈先增高后降低的趋势,并在A2 播期达到最大值,播期显著影响大豆蛋白质含量、脂肪含量、产量和蛋白质产量。因此,适期播种能够提高大豆产量和蛋白质产量,适合当地高蛋白大豆品种的最佳播期是5月4日左右。 相似文献
7.
为明确不同播期条件下,玉米主要生育时期对积温的需求及叶面积系数动态和活动积温的关系,以不同熟性品种(益农103、先玉335和登海661)为材料,设早播(5月3日)、中播(5月28日)、晚播(6月22日) 3个播种期和4个种植密度处理(4.5万株 hm-2、6.0万株 hm-2、7.5万株 hm-2和9.0万株 hm-2),并进行全生育期的叶面积系数动态调查和记录田间生态因素,分析其叶面积系数动态特征及积温模型。结果表明,(1)对最大LAI及出苗至成熟的活动积温进行“归一化”处理后可有6个不同型模型,其中Ration曲线方程y = (a+bx)/(1+cx+dx2)具有很好的模拟效果和生物学意义,方程式为y= (-0.05247+1.2766x)/(1-2.6346x+3.6359x2),r = 0.9479**;通过对2008年的试验和另外试验的进一步验证,模拟的准确度(以k表示)均大于0.9392**,精确度(以R2表示)均大于0.9996**。(2)方程式的参数a、c值在播期、密度和品种间变异很小;b、d值在播期、品种间变异较大,密度间变异很小,可见播期主要通过调节参数b、d值实现对整个方程的调控。(3)在全生育期内,播期对生育天数、平均温度、活动积温、平均LAI、LAI变化速率和籽粒产量均具有调节作用;随着播期的推迟,生育天数、活动积温、平均LAI和籽粒产量均呈减少趋势,平均温度呈增加趋势;生育天数和活动积温均表现为登海661>先玉335>益农103,籽粒产量和平均LAI均表现为先玉335>登海661>益农103。 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
F.J. Lpez-Bellido L. Lpez-Bellido R.J. Lpez-Bellido 《European Journal of Agronomy》2005,23(4):359-378
This paper reviews current knowledge regarding the influence of plant density on the growth and yield of the faba bean crop (Vicia faba L.). An analysis is also made of sowing rate and other factors that may modify optimum plant density, including environmental conditions; in this sense, should be made a differentiation between faba crops grown in temperate conditions and those grown in Mediterranean and semi-arid conditions. The genotype also prompts variations in optimum plant density, depending on the botanical type (mayor, equina or minor) and the growth habit (determinate versus indeterminate) of the cultivar selected. Sowing date also influences optimum seeding rate, which is lower for autumn–winter sowing under temperate and Mediterranean conditions and increases as the sowing date is delayed. For the spring-sown crops typical of temperate conditions, optimum plant density will be higher due to the shorter growing season. With a longer growing season and under optimum environmental conditions, there is normally no additional response to densities over 20 plants m−2, while in suboptimal conditions, optimum plant density may increase to over 60 plants m−2. Although the faba bean crop displays considerable plasticity in response to variations in plant density, mainly with regard to number of pods per square meter, it is not wholly clear to which component of yield this should really be ascribed. Number of stems per plant appears to be the most influential factor, although further research is required to confirm this. 相似文献
11.
12.
以油用向日葵T562为供试材料,采用二因素裂区设计,研究了5个播期(4月25日、5月2日、5月9日、5月16日及5月23日)和4个种植密度(3.75×104、4.50×104、5.25×104、6.00×104株/hm2)条件下向日葵干物质转运及产量变化。结果表明:随着播期的推迟,向日葵各生育期均缩短,播期对向日葵出苗至开花阶段影响较大,对开花至成熟阶段影响较小。成熟期植株干物质积累量在不同密度下的均值依次为4.50×104>3.75×104>6.00×104>5.25×104株/hm2。随种植密度的增加单盘粒重逐渐降低,产量逐渐增加。籽仁率在播期5月16日、密度5.25×104株/hm2处理下达最大,为74.09%;百粒重及产量在播期5月2日、密度6.00×104株/hm2处理下达最大,分别为8.76g、6859.00kg/hm2;单盘粒重在播期5月23日、密度3.75×104株/hm2处理下达到最大,为138.14g。 相似文献
13.
Australian modern narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) cultivars tend to flower early and are vernalisation-unresponsive (VU). Cultivars have generally been selected for the warmer climates zones and sandy soils of the northern grain belt of Western Australia (NWA), where lupins are predominantly grown. In areas where climates are cooler and growing seasons are longer and wetter, such as the southern grain belt of Western Australia (SWA), it is probable that lupin would have a higher yield potential. Given that VU cultivars would have a longer vegetative phase (i.e. late flowering) we hypothesise that they may be more productive than those that are early flowering. Here we used a modelling approach to: 1) test the hypothesis that cool-climate SWA would have higher lupin yield than warm-climate NWA; 2) explore lupin phenological adaptation and yield potential in SWA over a range of proposed VU cultivars; and 3) further evaluate the combined effects of cultivar phenology, sowing time and seasonal type on lupin yields.Simulations from the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) showed that, on average, lupin yield in SWA was higher than that in NWA, with 23% greater yield for the early-flowering cultivar Mandelup. Proposed cultivars flowering 22 days (late-flowering) and 15 days (medium flowering) later than Mandelup would have their phenology better adapted in the high and medium rainfall zones of SWA, producing 16 and 7% more grain in the two rainfall zones, respectively. The proposed late-flowering cultivar sown before the end of April achieved higher yields for all seasons in the high rainfall zone and for above average and average rainfall seasons in the medium rainfall zone. In more water-limited situations early sowing was preferable with no obvious difference in yield among cultivars. Despite this, the early-flowering cultivar yielded more when sown in late April. The results indicate that lupin production would benefit from breeding VU varieties with a long vegetative phase for the SWA that should be sown in mid to late April. 相似文献
14.
田文强;王泓懿;聂凌帆;孙刚刚;张君;张强斌;于姗;李家豪;张金汕;石书兵 《作物杂志》2025,41(2):115-122
为明确北疆地区超晚播小麦适宜的播期和播量组合,以新冬18号为材料,主区设D1(10月25日)、D2(11月4日)、D3(11月14日)超晚播期处理,裂区设R1(750万粒/hm2)、R2(1000万粒/hm2)、R3(1250万粒/hm2)、R4(1500万粒/hm2)播量处理,选择当地常规播期和播量(9月25日、600万粒/hm2)为对照(CK),研究了播期和播量对北疆地区超晚播小麦群体生长、干物质积累及产量的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,超晚播小麦加大播量,总茎蘖数峰值推迟20 d出现,最终增加51.59%,叶面积指数(LAI)峰值增加3.15%,叶片面积减小,散射辐射透过率最低值减少7.57%,直射辐射透过率最低值减少5.74%,消光系数峰值增加0.71%,干物质积累量峰值减少29.32%,穗数增加20.57%,穗粒数、千粒重、产量分别减少38.71%、2.38%和7.60%。在超晚播条件下,相同播量下,总茎蘖数、干物质量、穗数及产量表现为D2>D1>D3,LAI、旗叶和倒二叶面积及消光系数表现为D1>D2>D3,散射和直射辐射透过率表现为D3>D2>D1,穗粒数和千粒重表现为D3>D1>D2;相同播期下,加大播量,产量先升高后降低,R2最高,总茎蘖数、LAI、消光系数及干物质积累量随之增加,叶片面积、散射和直射辐射透过率、穗粒数和千粒重随之减少。超晚播小麦适当加大播量,有利于产量提高,北疆超晚播小麦适宜的播期播量组合为11月4日播种1000万粒/hm2。 相似文献
15.
不同播期和播种量对冬小麦生长特征和产量的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为研究播期和播种量对冬小麦生长和产量的影响,设置3个播期和3个播种量,研究小麦干物质积累转运、叶面积和群体光能截获以及产量的变化特征。结果表明,随播期的推迟,干物质积累量降低,每推迟1个播期,干物质积累降低0.13~0.37t/hm2,花前干物质转运量随播期的推迟呈降低趋势,随播种量增加而增加。花后光合同化物积累量则随播期的推迟呈先升高后降低的趋势,随播种量的增加逐渐降低。光能利用率随播期推迟和播种量增加均呈先增加后减小的趋势。在10月4日播种,播种量160kg/hm2时,花后干物质同化物较多,光能利用率达到最大值,2年平均产量达到最大值,为8257.84kg/hm2,是适合当地的播期和播种量种植组合。 相似文献
16.
17.
播期对糯玉米籽粒产量及品质的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为满足农户对糯玉米种植的不同需求,探讨山西中晚熟地区播期对糯玉米产量与品质的影响。以晋糯18和晋糯20为试验材料,4月26日-7月5日,设置6个播期处理,研究其对产量、穗长、百粒重、穗粒重及籽粒蛋白质、淀粉、粗纤维素及赖氨酸相对含量的影响。结果表明,播期与品种对糯玉米产量及品质都有显著影响。其中B3播期(5月24日)处理下2个糯玉米品种产量、穗长、百粒重及穗粒重都高于其他播期处理,说明糯玉米适宜在小满前后播种。提前播期有利于籽粒蛋白质、赖氨酸相对含量的提高,而推迟播期降低籽粒粗纤维素、赖氨酸相对含量。B1与B6播期下籽粒淀粉相对含量低于其他播期,且B4、B5播期下籽粒淀粉相对含量高于其他播期。说明适当推迟播期有利于籽粒淀粉相对含量的提高,但过早或过迟播种均显著降低籽粒淀粉含量。糯玉米籽粒中粗纤维素含量与品种遗传背景密切相关,且推迟播种后品种差异对籽粒淀粉含量的影响降低。通过相关性分析发现积温、降水量与产量、穗粒重以及赖氨酸相对含量均达到极显著正相关关系,与穗长、百粒重均达到显著正相关关系,说明播期对产量性状及籽粒赖氨酸相对含量有显著影响。在山西中晚熟地区糯玉米在小满前后播种时产量最高,适当提前有利于籽粒蛋白质、赖氨酸含量的提高,适当推迟有利于籽粒粗纤维素、淀粉含量的提高。 相似文献
18.
19.
P. Ceccon L. Dalla Costa R. Giovanardi C. Rogger 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1994,173(3-4):172-183
A 2-year trial has been carried out in northern Italy on soybean (cv. Hodgson) grown in lysimeters, comparing three soil water regimes (well-watered conditions and water stress during vegetative and reproductive stages) at two sowing dates. Plant evapotranspiration and water uptake depth were calculated from volumes of water independently supplied to eight lysimeter layers; at harvest, plant architecture, yield components and fruit distribution along the main stem and lateral branches were evaluated.
Although water stress intensity was not severe, crop evapotranspiration and water uptake depth were severely restricted by water shortage. Both low water-availability and late sowing significantly modified the architecture of plants, decreasing total height, number and length of internodes and lateral branches. Seed allocation along the stem was shifted downwards both by delaying the sowing date and by reducing the water supply; the component most responsible for yield decrease was the number of pods per plant, while unit seed weight was only slightly affected by water stress. Grain yield reduction was higher when water availability was inadequate during the reproductive phase in the early-sown crop and during the vegetative stage in the late-sown crop. This suggests that the intensity of the water shortage, plant phenological stage of stress application, as well as the date of stress application within the growing season determine the yield response of soybean. 相似文献
Although water stress intensity was not severe, crop evapotranspiration and water uptake depth were severely restricted by water shortage. Both low water-availability and late sowing significantly modified the architecture of plants, decreasing total height, number and length of internodes and lateral branches. Seed allocation along the stem was shifted downwards both by delaying the sowing date and by reducing the water supply; the component most responsible for yield decrease was the number of pods per plant, while unit seed weight was only slightly affected by water stress. Grain yield reduction was higher when water availability was inadequate during the reproductive phase in the early-sown crop and during the vegetative stage in the late-sown crop. This suggests that the intensity of the water shortage, plant phenological stage of stress application, as well as the date of stress application within the growing season determine the yield response of soybean. 相似文献
20.
为筛选出适合吉林省西部种植的甜荞品种及其最佳播期,利用34份甜荞品种(系)在3个播期(5月22日、6月12日、7月3日)对14个农艺性状及产量进行了遗传多样性分析。结果表明,播期对甜荞品种(系)14个农艺性状影响明显。生育期平均值随着播期的延迟缩短;4个株型性状、6个粒形性状和3个产量性状随着播期的推迟分别表现为先增后减、先减后增、逐渐增高的趋势。从各性状的遗传率来看,籽粒面积、籽粒周长、长宽比、籽粒长、籽粒宽、籽粒圆度等粒形性状以及千粒重的遗传率在3个播期中为0.901~0.992,大于其他性状。在相关性分析中,籽粒面积与籽粒周长、长宽比与籽粒圆度、株粒数与株粒重的相关系数绝对值在3个播期中均大于0.950。结果还表明,适合早播的甜荞品种为呵OK、呵T、喀1;适合中期播种的甜荞品种为呵T;适合晚播的甜荞品种为D2。综上所述,在吉林省西部地区选择适宜的播期结合种植适宜的品种可提高甜荞产量。 相似文献

