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1.
A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted for studying seed and oil yield, P uptake and phytate concentration in the seed of two oilseed rape cultivars ( Brassica napus L. var. Oleifera, cv. Bristol and cv. Lirajet), grown on a soil substrate at different levels of plant available phosphorus (6, 19, 31 and 106 mg P-CAL kg −1 soil, resp.). All other nutrients were maintained at a high level. At maturity, seed yield and seed quality were investigated. An increase in the phosphorus soil supply resulted in a significant ( P<0.05) increase in seed and oil yield, oil and P concentration of the seeds, and P transported to the seeds. The phytate-phosphorus concentration ranged from 0.5 to 6.9 g kg −1 in the seeds and from 0.9 to 12.8 g kg −1 in rapeseed meal. Insufficient P supply resulted in a reduced concentration of phosphorus and phytate in the seeds. Significant interactions between the factors cultivar and P supply were found for the traits seed yield, oil yield, and P-harvest index. 相似文献
2.
为了探究苗后除草剂不同施用时期对北方冬油菜田间杂草的防控效果及其对冬油菜生长、产量和品质的影响,以当地主栽甘蓝型冬油菜天油2266和白菜型冬油菜天油H614为试验材料,选用对冬油菜安全的苗后除草剂高效氟吡甲禾灵,设置4个喷施时期处理,于2018-2019年开展大田试验。结果表明,越冬后不同时期喷施苗后除草剂,甘蓝型冬油菜田间杂草总数较对照减少57.54%~92.56%,杂草总鲜重较对照降低75.40%~97.48%,第2时期(3月25日)处理产量较对照增加354.50kg/hm 2;白菜型冬油菜田间杂草株防效和鲜重防效分别为55.91%~92.02%和37.17%~97.46%,产量较对照增加2.29%~16.77%。因此,在冬油菜大量返青但未封行前施用苗后除草剂,可显著防控田间杂草并增加冬油菜籽粒产量。 相似文献
3.
为了探讨包膜复混肥的应用效果。采用多点试验,研究了包膜肥对油菜产量、养分积累以及土壤养分形态的影响。结果表明,与普通复混肥相比含量,全量包膜复混肥能够极显著提高油菜籽粒产量,平均产量可达2 501.00kg/hm2,增产率平均达到13.72%;可以显著提高油菜茎秆产量,对根产量有一定程度的提高,角果皮产量基本不受影响;包膜复混肥能够促进油菜养分在后期快速积累,主要表现在氮和钾的积累方面,磷的积累量没有表现出较好的效果;包膜复混肥养分释放在衡阳表现较好,湘潭次之,宁乡最差;氮肥效果在衡阳地区与油菜生长相协调,钾肥效果在湘潭地区得到体现,磷肥没有表现出缓控释肥的效果;土壤养分浓度与土壤温度是造成包膜复混肥养分释放差异的重要原因。此外,N-P2O5-K2O(12-6-7)的油菜专用肥进行包膜后,能够提高油菜的产量,但在不同的地方使用效果不同,其中磷的养分释放不能与油菜生长相协调,必须通过大配方小调整或改变包膜技术来实现缓控释肥的目的。 相似文献
4.
采用温室土培盆栽方法,研究了干湿交替条件下磷镉交互作用对油菜的生物学效应。结果表明,Cd处理间和P处理间以及磷镉交互处理之间油菜地上部生物量差异都是显著的,油菜根部生物量P处理间差异显著,而Cd处理间和磷镉交互之间无显著性差异。P促进了油菜地上部生物量的积累,而Cd却阻碍了油菜地上部生物量的积累。油菜地上部和根部生物量最大值出现在Cd0P100处理,最小值出现在Cd30P0处理。Cd处理间油菜地上部和根部Cd浓度差异是显著的,而P处理间和磷镉交互之间差异不明显。随着施Cd量的增加油菜吸收Cd的总量增加,高P处理的油菜吸收Cd的总量也随着施P量的增加而增加。P处理间油菜地上部和根部P浓度有显著性差异, Cd处理间和磷镉交互处理之间油菜地上部P浓度差异都不显著,而油菜根部P浓度在Cd处理间和磷镉交互之间差异都显著,各处理地上部P浓度总是小于对应处理的根部P浓度。 相似文献
5.
Summary The heritabilities for oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids in oilseed rape ( Brassica napus) were determined using single F 2 seeds on F 1 plants and bulk seed samples of F 2 plants. The heritabilities by the use of single F 2 seeds were found to increase, remain constant, or decrease relative to those obtained from F 2 plant populations, depending on the fatty acid and the cross. However, the change in heritabilities was not great in most cases. Therefore the half-seed technique could be used for early generation selection for these fatty acids. 相似文献
6.
Crops generally utilize nitrogen (N) from slurries less efficiently than from mineral fertilizers. In order to compare the effects of slurry and mineral N application on yield and residual fertilization effects, a long-term field trial was established in autumn 1994, where pig slurry was applied to oilseed rape (OSR), winter wheat and winter barley at the same application dates as mineral N fertilizer. N amounts ranged from 0 to 240 kg total N ha −1. The same treatment regimes were applied to the same plots in each year. Starting in 2010 (2011), wheat (barley) received no N fertilization in order to allow for testing residual fertilizer effects. Every year seed yield and N offtake by the seeds were determined.Accounting only for ammonia N of pig slurry, similar seed yields in OSR and slightly higher grain yields in wheat and barley compared to mineral N fertilizer were achieved. This indicates that mineralization of organically bounded slurry N compensated gaseous ammonia losses. In plots without N fertilization, OSR showed no yield trends during the experimental period, whereas wheat (barley) yield started to decrease after 10 (13) years without N fertilization. In the highly fertilized treatments, no significant trend in seed yield or N amount required for maximum yield could be detected. In the subsequent unfertilized wheat crop, accumulated slurry effects increased grain yield more than those of mineral N fertilizer. Barley grown in the second year without N supply remained unaffected by the previous slurry N application. 相似文献
7.
在Hoagland完全营养液的砂培条件下,采用 15N示踪方法,研究了两个冬油菜品种不同生育期吸收的氮素在体内的分配、转运及损失情况。结果表明(两个品种平均值),83.5%苗期吸收的氮素和67.3%蕾薹期吸收的氮素分布在叶片中;79.1%开花期吸收的氮素分布在叶片和茎中,其中叶片中分布的氮占42.8%;而角果发育期吸收的氮素有42.4%直接分配到角果中,此时角果已成为氮素直接分配的比例最大的器官。苗期、蕾薹期、开花期和角果发育期吸收的氮素从营养器官向生殖器官的转运比例分别为34.4%、44.3%、41.2%和31.7%,单株转运量分别为203.2、325.8、218.0和82.0 mg。在籽粒全氮中转运氮占65.1%,其中蕾薹期吸收后转运的氮素所占比例最大,为25.8%,其次是开花期和苗期,分别为16.9%和15.9%,角果发育期比例最小,为6.4%。以上4个生育期吸收的氮素损失比例分别为24.0%、10.5%、11.7%和7.3%,单株损失量分别为141.6、79.2、43.2和16.2 mg。 相似文献
8.
常规细胞质类型鉴定方法花费时间长、工作量大、鉴定效率低、应用性较差。基于基因组重复序列的PCR技术(rep-PCR)在重复序列丰富的线粒体和原核生物的基因组鉴定中效果较好, 本研究对8份油菜资源的细胞质进行分子鉴定,结果表明rep-PCR可以明确区分甘蓝型油菜中常见的6种雄性不育细胞质。同时对甘蓝型油菜和野芥(Sinapis arvensis)体细胞杂交创建的、育性较为稳定的NSa野芥雄性不育胞质进行了分子特异性鉴定,获得了两条NSa不育胞质的特征DNA条带。但波里马和萝卜质不育细胞质的特异性引物在NSa中不能扩增出特异性片段,说明NSa不属于这两种细胞质类型。本研究结果为该不育胞质系统的利用和知识产权保护提供了理论依据和技术支撑。 相似文献
9.
针对我国油菜小孢子培养供体材料一般种植在大田,受外界环境影响较大,出胚率较低的现状,对大田环境条件下小孢子培养的主要影响因素进行了研究。同时,为了构建黄籽油菜双单倍体群体,研究了黄籽油菜的出胚情况。结果表明,不同取样时间对小孢子胚状体再生频率的影响很大;秋水仙素处理游离小孢子对胚状体的诱导有一定的负面影响,浓度越高,影响越大;黄籽油菜的出胚率较低(0.56枚/皿),同样条件下,不到黑籽油菜的1/8。不同黄籽单株间出胚率差异较大,变异幅度在0.04~1.97枚/皿。采用小孢子苗直接移栽大田技术,移栽成活率达89.0%,经染色体加倍后,最终构建了含有127个株系的黄籽油菜双单倍体群体。 相似文献
10.
利用加性-显性-母体的遗传模型,分析了7个不同遗传来源甘蓝型黄籽油菜品系所配制的完全双列杂交资料。结果表明,产量性状主要受加性和显性效应共同控制,环境对产量性状有一定的影响而母体效应影响很小。基因效应分析发现y4单株粒重有极显著的加性效应,y3×y4单株粒重有极显著的显性效应。 相似文献
11.
在重金属污染土壤中添加化学稳定剂,可降低重金属的生物有效性,阻控重金属进入食物链。设计盆栽试验,在铀尾渣污染土壤中添加不同浓度的磷肥(0、30、60、120、240和480 mg kg -1),调查磷对芥菜型油菜(Brassica juncea)和甘蓝型油菜(B. napus)的生长及植株积累重金属铀、镉、锌和铅含量的状况,分析添加磷肥前后植株内磷含量和土壤重金属DTPA提取态含量的变化。结果表明,添加磷肥前,铀尾渣污染土壤总氮、总磷、总钾和有机质的含量低,铀、镉、锌和铅的含量高,对两种油菜的生长有抑制作用;添加磷肥后,两种油菜体内磷含量增加,污染土壤中的铀、镉、锌和铅的DTPA提取态含量显著降低,其降幅分别为17.1%~70.5%、24.0%~57.6%、8.9%~32.4%和8.6%~55.8%;大幅度降低两种油菜体内的铀、镉、锌和铅含量,其含量与土壤中这些重金属DTPA提取态含量显著正相关;显著增加两种油菜的干重、株高、根长和叶绿素含量,显著降低其体内的SOD活性和MDA含量。因此在铀尾渣污染土壤中添加磷可有效减少重金属在油菜体内积累,降低重金属沿食物链传递的风险。 相似文献
12.
对不同年份、不同地点种植的油菜育种材料进行小孢子产胚率鉴定,并以11种不同基因型的甘蓝型油菜品系为供体材料,在武汉田间,分别于初花期和盛花期分离培养小孢子,研究基因型、生态条件、开花时间对小孢子产胚率的影响及秋水仙碱处理的加倍效果,通过采用流式细胞仪测定小孢子再生苗的DNA含量鉴定其倍性,并种植验证.结果表明:相同基因... 相似文献
13.
The adverse effects of climate change are significantly decreasing yield levels and yield stability over time in current monocropping systems. Intercropping (IC), i.e. growing more than one species simultaneously in the same field, often increases resource use efficiency and agricultural productivity compared with growing the component crops solely and can enhance yield stability. This meta-analysis of published IC literature quantified and analysed yield stability in IC compared with the respective sole crops, focusing on the effect of intercrop components ( e.g. cereal-grain legume, non-cereal-grain legume), experimental patterns ( e.g. experiment over years, experiment over locations), IC design ( e.g. additive and replacement) and climatic zone ( e.g. tropical, subtropical, and temperate). In total, 33 articles were analysed. The coefficient of variation (%CV) of yields was used for assessing yield stability, with lower CV value indicating higher yield stability. The analysis showed that cereal-grain legume IC (CV = 22.1) significantly increased yield stability compared with the respective grain legume sole crops (CV = 31.7). Moreover, compared with the respective cereal and legume sole crops, IC in the cereal-grain legume systems gave higher yield stability than IC in the non-cereal-grain legume systems. Compared with the respective cereal (CV = 25.3) and legume (CV = 30.3) sole crops, IC (CV = 19.1) in a replacement design had significantly (P < 0.05) higher yield stability. Also intercropping in replacement design gave more stable yields than IC in an additive design. In tropical regions, cereal sole crops (CV = 26.3) showed lower yield stability than IC (CV = 17.7) and legume sole crops (CV = 21.7). However, IC in all climatic zones showed higher yield stability than both sole crops. Moreover in our analysis, it was found that a higher yield level provided higher yield stability in crop production. Thus, increasing crop diversification through IC of cereals and grain legumes can enhance yield stability and food security, making an important contribution to eco-functional, ecological or sustainable intensification of global food production. 相似文献
14.
油菜生产效益的提高有赖于机械化进程的推进,而机械化收获要求油菜品种具有较强的抗裂角性.为明确我国最新育成的油菜杂交种(或品系)对机械化收获的适应性,以改进后的随机碰撞法对2008年参加湖北省和全国长江中游区油菜品种区试的50份甘蓝型油菜进行了抗裂角性鉴定.结果表明,抗裂角指数为0.020~0.470,对照品种中油杂2号的抗裂角指数为0.218,大致处于中间值.将抗裂角指数范围分为:>0.4,0.3~0.4,0.2~0.3,0.1~0.2及<0.1五个区域,被鉴定的50份甘蓝型油菜在这5个区域的分布频数分别为5,5,10,17和13个,表明我国最近育成的油菜杂交种(或新品系)的抗裂角性存在较大的差异,有望通过筛选获得适合机械化收获的品种.对抗裂角指数较高的10份材料的产量和品质性状进一步分析,筛选出了三北98、中油112等2个通过了区试并获得审定、具有适合机械化收获性状的油菜新品种,可以直接推广利用. 相似文献
15.
Persistence of oilseed rapeseed in soil can result in weed problems but also reduce oil quality of following rape crops or result in unwanted gene escape which is particularly relevant in the context of genetically modified oilseed rape. In this paper data from 13 field experiments at sites in England, Austria and Germany are presented where tillage operations were tested that potentially reduce the build-up of a seed bank. In the majority of experiments seed losses were artificially simulated by broadcasting ca. 10,000 freshly ripened rapeseed m −2 onto cereal stubbles. Oilseed rapeseedlings in autumn, the seed bank in winter–spring and yields of the following crop winter wheat were assessed as a function of tillage regime. During summer and autumn 19–70% of the seeds germinated and emerged. This part of the population was killed by following tillage operations or herbicide applications. However, 0–29%, in moist years 0–5%, of the initially broadcasted seeds developed dormancy and remained ungerminated in the soil until the following winter–spring. Delaying incorporation of the seeds by leaving the stubble untouched for up to 4 weeks resulted in a reduced seed bank in almost every case. Also, repeated stubble tillage compared to an early single stubble tillage operation resulted in a smaller seed bank. The type of primary tillage (ploughing versus non-inversion cultivation) had no clear effect. No relation was found between the number of seedlings in autumn and the size of the seed bank the following winter–spring. Grain yield of the following crop winter wheat was not adversely affected by delayed stubble tillage. The results indicate that stubble tillage aiming at a reduced seed bank of oilseed rape should focus on conditions avoiding induction of secondary dormancy rather than improving germination conditions. This means that, under the climatic conditions of central and western Europe, the stubble should be left untouched for several weeks after harvest before starting the usual tillage sequence with stubble tillage and ploughing or a non-inversion tillage sequence. 相似文献
16.
抗裂角性是非常重要的油菜性状, 但相关研究报道较少。本研究对11个甘蓝型油菜骨干亲本品系及由其配制的30个不完全双列杂交组合在2个环境下的抗裂角指数及其他7个角果相关性状进行了遗传分析。结果表明, 抗裂角指数遗传变异显著, 遗传上受少数主效基因控制, 效应以加性为主, 显性效应和环境效应影响较小。大部分杂交组合的抗裂角指数杂种优势不显著。抗裂角指数与角果长、果皮重、千粒重和种子直径呈极显著正相关, 与结角密度和角粒数呈极显著负相关。抗裂角性相关性状中, 角果长、千粒重、结角密度和种子直径变异主要由加性方差解释;果皮重和每角粒数主要由显性方差解释。亲本评价分析指出, 作为波里马细胞质雄性不育系统保持系的ZS11B和恢复系的R11其抗裂角性的一般配合力高, 是培育抗裂角杂交油菜品种的首选直接亲本。 相似文献
17.
化学杂交剂EXP的主要成分是一种磺酰脲类化合物,作用靶标是植物的乙酰乳酸合成酶(acetolactate synthase,ALS),通过抑制酶活性,阻止支链氨基酸缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸的合成。在甘蓝型油菜自交系82089抽薹15~20 cm高,最大花蕾长度1~2 mm时期,单株用药量12~15 mL,用0.05 μg/mL、0.25 μg/mL EXP溶液处理可分别诱发92%和97%不育率。而0.25 μg/mL浓度处理不育株的育性较为稳定,自交结实率为6.6%,可以作为最佳用药浓度的参考值。EXP透导的不育株叶色变浅、株高降低、花蕾密集、花期推迟、花瓣褪色、花药干瘪无花粉。检测结果表明,不育株花蕾叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量有所减少,处理雄蕊的过氧化物酶和酯酶活性降低,而水溶性蛋白质含量显著减少。同一时期用EXP处理芥菜型油菜和白菜型油菜也可诱导雄性不育,但芥菜型油菜不育持续时段较短,白菜型油菜结实性不好,不宜用于生产杂交种。本研究结果的意义在于,磺酰脲类ALS抑制剂种类非常多,有可能从中筛选到更高效、更持久的化学杂交剂。 相似文献
18.
分别以果桑肥大性菌核病菌和油菜菌核病菌的子囊孢子交叉接种油菜和果桑。结果表明,杯盘菌子囊孢子能够侵染油菜,同样,核盘菌子囊孢子能够侵染果桑;在受侵染的桑椹上2种病菌均产生分生孢子梗和分生孢子,而在油菜上不产生。显微镜观察,杯盘菌的子囊盘外囊被切面为圆胞组织结构,核盘菌为角胞组织结构。SRAP分子标记和聚类结果表明,采自西南地区果桑上的杯盘菌和油菜上核盘菌基本各自聚在一类,其中一个杯盘菌分离物和一个核盘菌分离物聚在一类,表现特别。2种寄主上的病菌子囊孢子能相互侵染,因而果桑和油菜不能间套种植。 相似文献
19.
油菜细胞质雄性不育作为生产油菜杂交种的主要授粉控制系统得到广泛利用,但由于油菜种内自然发生的有利用价值的雄性不育细胞质类型不多,所以种属间转移现有不育细胞质及发掘新型不育细胞质意义重大。体细胞杂交不仅避开了有性杂交亲和障碍的限制,还可实现两个杂交亲本细胞质基因组的重组,是一种快速有效、应用广泛的转移和诱导雄性不育细胞质的手段。本文综述了利用原生质体杂交技术在油菜种内、种间和属间转移雄性不育细胞质以及通过细胞质基因组重组改良和创建新型雄性不育细胞质的研究进展,并讨论了利用体细胞杂交方法创建新型雄性不育细胞质的应用前景。 相似文献
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为了研究不同间作模式对棉花、花生产量及品质的影响,同时对其产值进行比较,本试验设计了棉花 花生的5个间作模式进行比较。结果表明:(1)各处理单位面积上的产值高到低的顺序为:3垄棉花-1垄花生、2垄棉花-1垄花生、清种棉花、1垄棉花-1垄花生、2垄棉花-2垄花生、1垄棉花-2垄花生,清种花生。(2)1垄棉花-2垄花生处理棉花的果枝数、单株铃数、铃重、子指、衣分、霜前花率最高,且棉花纤维品质最好。(3)1-2处理花生的饱果数最高,清种花生秕果数最低。(4)清种花生的单穴荚果重、出仁率、百果重、百仁重均最高,果仁含水量最低。综合来看,3垄棉花-1垄花生、2垄棉花-1垄花生的间作模式可以有效提高群体经济效益,同时,提高棉花的纤维品质,可以在生产中推广应用。 相似文献
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