百合种间杂交花粉管生长观察

通过对百合杂交授粉后不同时间的母本花柱进行采样,观察花粉管的生长情况,分析百合种间杂交、自交中亲和及不亲和的原因,对于杂交组合布鲁拉诺×兰州百合,无论是否进行切割花柱处理,均可观察到大量的花粉萌发现象和成束向子房方向生长的花粉管,授粉后48 h花粉管大约生长1.5cm;卷丹自交后,花粉粒的萌发较晚,且数量较少,在授粉后48 h观察到花粉管生长停滞的现象.     

切割花柱方式对亚百系内杂交花粉管生长和结实的影响

用常规柱头授粉和切割不同长度花柱4种授粉方式对亚百系内杂交的花粉管生长和结实情况进行了研究.结果表明:同一系内各组合亲和性存在差异,亲和性较好的组合为"金色号角×多安娜"、"普瑞头×索莱尔",次之为"多安娜×普瑞头","金色号角×普瑞头","普瑞头×多安娜"为不亲和组合;同一系内组合中,采用常规柱头授粉比切割花柱授粉得到胚的比例高,所有组合花粉管均能进入子房,而且随着切割花柱长度的增加,花粉管在花柱中及进入子房的量是依次递减的,种子数目与花粉管的生长情况呈正相关;果实膨大系数不能反映果实是否结籽;所有组合中都存在胚囊不亲和现象,形成了无胚仅有胚乳的种子.     

9个新疆杏品种间杂交亲和性研究

【目的】了解新疆杏品种间杂交亲和性,为授粉树的配置提供理论依据。【方法】以9个新疆杏品种为试材,测定各品种的花粉量、花粉活力,设置不同品种间72个授粉组合,测定杂交组合的花粉管生长状况及坐果率等指标,以判定不同杂交组合的亲和性。【结果】9个品种平均花粉量为每花药1 474.4粒,品种间差异极大。各品种平均花粉萌发率为44.0%,其中,‘库曼提’花粉萌发率较高,为80.0%,‘树上干’较小,仅17.5%。不同授粉组合的平均坐果率为25.9%,较自然授粉平均高2.7倍,以‘阿克阿依’为母本,‘轮台白杏’为父本的授粉组合坐果率最高,达64.2%。荧光显微观察结果表明,所有杂交组合花粉多在授粉后24 h萌发并伸长,授粉96 h后到达花柱基部进入子房,但各组合花粉在花柱原位萌发的速度及花粉管生长速度存在差异,以‘佳娜丽’为母本,‘库尔勒托永’为父本等9个组合,花粉管生长延长到花柱中下部后,停止向下生长,只有个别能正常生长到达子房。【结论】各品种间花粉量、花粉活力差异极大。在72个授粉组合中,坐果率小于6%的授粉组合,花粉管未到达花柱基部或到达基部的速度慢,比率小,表现为杂交不亲和;坐果率较高的授粉组合,花粉管到达花柱基部的速度快,比率大,亲和性强,适宜搭配建园。     

不同授粉方式对青海细叶百合与亚洲百合杂交结实研究

用青海细叶百合(Lilium pumilum)和亚洲百合杂种系:精粹(Elite)、耀眼(dazzle)、波安娜(pollyanna)3个品种作母本,采用柱头直接授粉和切割花柱授粉两种不同的授粉方式授以不同品种的父本花粉进行杂交试验.通过对各组合间杂交结实进行调查分析,以蒴果坐果率、蒴果膨大程度和有胚率作为判断指标来研究不同杂交配组的亲和性.结果表明:切割花柱授粉并不能克服所有品种的自交障碍,只能在一定程度上促进具有一定亲和性的杂交组合结实,对蒴果坐果率、蒴果膨大程度和有胚率有一定的影响.     

杏品种授粉生物学研究

以红丰、新世纪等11个杏品种及特新一号等4个新品系为试材,对自交与杂交亲和性、花粉管形态及花粉、花柱氨基酸组分进行了研究,旨在为杏生产和进一步研究提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)按照白花授粉坐果率≥6％为自交亲和这个标准,红丰、新世纪等10个品种为自交不亲和品种(SI),而特新一号等4个新品系是自交亲和的(SC);(2)选自同一杂交组合不同姊妹系的红丰与新世纪杏品种相互授粉坐果率仅为0~0.73％,属于杂交不亲和;(3)不同品种间相互授粉的坐果率差异很大,据此筛选出特早红、红玉杏及凯特等品种是红丰杏适宜的授粉品种;而新世纪用骆驼黄及金太阳等品种授粉的坐果率最高;(4)自交不亲和组合在授粉后72 h花粉管到达花柱3／4处,末端膨大,停止生长,而自交亲和组合的花粉管可以继续生长,并在授粉后96 h进入子房;(5)自交不亲和品种(系)与自交亲和品种(系)花粉的17种氨基酸含量并无显著差异,而花柱氨基酸的组分与花粉氨基酸组分有所不同,其中自交不亲和品种(系)酪氨酸、苏氨酸、甲硫氨酸和精氨酸含量明显高于自交亲和品种(系),差异显著或极显著。     

菊属植物远缘杂交亲和性研究

 开展了不同倍性菊属物种间远缘杂交试验,比较不同杂交组合的杂交亲和指数,并对授粉后生殖生物学过程（柱头花粉附着、花粉萌发、花粉管生长、受精及子房发育）进行荧光显微观察。结果表明,具相同倍性的种间及四倍体与六倍体物种间杂交较易结籽,而二倍体与四倍体或六倍体间难以结籽,表现杂交不亲和性。菊属远缘杂交不亲和表现为柱头上花粉粒粘附少,花粉萌发率低,花粉管生长异常难以进入花柱,诱导柱头胼胝质生成,受精胚败育。     

树莓种间杂交亲和性研究

用荧光显微镜观察树莓种间品种授粉后不同时间花粉在母本花柱萌发及花粉管生长情况,研究树莓种间杂交亲和性。结果表明:花粉管萌发情况与杂交结实率一致,杂交组合胜利×牛叠肚、秋福×茅莓和对照(秋福自交)亲和性好,花粉管大都在授粉后16~24 h到达花柱基部并进入子房与胚珠结合,结实率分别为63.7%、97.9%、92.0%;茅莓×秋福杂交亲和性差,花粉管在授粉后16~48 h停止生长,花粉管最终到达花柱总长的2/5处,并伴有回长和胼胝质现象,结实率为21.8%。     

亚洲百合与东方百合远缘杂交花粉管生长荧光观察及胚培养

以亚洲百合杂种系的3个不同倍性品种"布鲁拉诺"(‘Brunello’,4x)、"耀眼"(‘Dazzling’,3x)和"多安娜"(‘Pollyanna’,2x)与东方百合杂种系的2个二倍体品种"西伯利亚"(‘Siberia’,2x)和"索邦"(‘Sorbonne’,2x)为试材,采用荧光显微镜观察法和胚培养法,研究了亚洲百合与东方百合几个品种正反交授粉后花粉萌发及花粉管生长过程和不同方法处理幼胚对胚萌发及幼苗生长的影响,以期获得亚洲百合与东方百合远缘杂交新品种。结果表明:除"耀眼"外,杂交中其它百合品种柱头上的花粉均能萌发并形成花粉管,但多数花粉管在授粉72h后表现出顶端膨大、缠绕折叠或出现胼胝质等异常现象,只有少量花粉管到达子房。其中,"布鲁拉诺"×"西伯利亚"、"布鲁拉诺"×"索邦"、"索邦"×"布鲁拉诺"和"索邦"×"多安娜"组合花粉管在授粉120h后到达子房;而"西伯利亚"×"布鲁拉诺"、"西伯利亚"×"多安娜"、"多安娜"×"索邦"和"多安娜"×"西伯利亚"组合中,花粉管生长缓慢甚至在花柱中停止生长,授粉120h后仍未伸向子房。同时,通过胚培养获得了种间杂种,胚培养时以授粉后40d左右胚龄为宜;最佳幼胚处理方法为剥离种皮和胚乳,只取幼胚的方法;MS+NAA 0.01mg·L~(-1)+BA 0.1mg·L~(-1)是胚培养的最适培养基。     

大百合与百合属间授粉后花粉管生长发育的观察

 对大百合×百合属间杂交授粉后花粉管的行为进行了观察, 结果表明百合的花粉能在大百合的柱头上萌发, 伸入中央花柱道, 到达花柱基部, 进入子房。杂交后, 花粉萌发与花粉管的伸长速度相对于自交滞后, 个别花粉管出现末端分叉、膨大或变细或中间部分折叠, 花粉管内胼胝质不规则的大量沉积等现象。     

枣自交与异交花粉管生长行为及早期胚胎发育研究

【目的】比较不同枣品种自交与异交授粉后花粉管在花柱组织中生长行为及早期胚胎发育的差异,明确枣自交不亲和性的特征及类型,完善枣生殖生物学,进而从自交不亲和性方面探明枣低含仁率问题,为枣果实生殖学和枣树杂交育种提供理论基础。【方法】设计自交授粉组合‘冬枣’和‘灰枣’以及异交授粉组合‘蜂蜜罐’ב襄汾圆枣’‘、蜂蜜罐’ב延川老牙酸枣’‘、灰枣’ב晋枣’‘、襄汾圆枣’ב永济蛤蟆枣’。根据枣雌蕊特点,经改良软化法处理后,综合运用花粉管荧光显微及石蜡切片观察授粉后自交与异交授粉组合花粉管在雌蕊中的生长及早期胚胎发育情况,从解剖学角度研究枣自交不亲和性。【结果】枣(品种)自交与异交授粉后3 h和6 h均观察到花粉粒在柱头上的萌发,花粉管顺利穿透乳突细胞侵入柱头,向花柱通道内生长。自交授粉组合‘冬枣’和‘灰枣’的花粉管授粉后24 h,生长至花柱三分之一处;授粉后48 h,花粉管生长至花柱二分之一处;授粉后72 h、96 h花粉管处于停滞状态,保持在花柱组织二分之一处。异交授粉组合‘蜂蜜罐’ב襄汾圆枣’‘、蜂蜜罐’ב延川老牙酸枣’‘、灰枣’ב晋枣’‘、襄汾圆枣’ב永济蛤蟆枣’授粉后24 h,花粉管生长至花柱二分之一处;授粉后48 h,花粉管生长至花柱的基部;授粉后72 h,花粉管穿透花柱基部,到达胚珠。授粉后13 d‘,蜂蜜罐’ב襄汾圆枣’的胚胎发育正常,胚胎发育处于合子横向分裂后向小球形胚发育阶段,胚乳的发育则处胚乳游离核时期。但‘灰枣’自交授粉组合表现出由于传粉受精不良导致的胚败育现象。【结论】解剖研究发现枣自交不亲和反应发生在花柱组织内,其类型属配子体自交不亲和中的合子前不亲和类型;枣自交不亲和性与胚败育共同导致枣果实的低含仁率和低坐果率问题,严重制约枣树的杂交育种工作。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.