RT-PCR检测禽传染性支气管炎病毒

用２对已发表的引物和１对自行设计的引物对同一禽传染性支气管炎病毒（ＩＢＶ）Ｈ１２０株进行ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ,分别获得了Ｓ１基因上与引物设计相一致的１７２０、２２８、６０２ｂｐ的扩增片段。用自行设计的引物对７个毒株（Ｈ１２０、Ｈ５２、Ｍ４１、Ｃｏｎｎ、Ｇｒａｙ、Ｔ、Ｈｏｌｔｅ）和５个分离株（宜毒、上毒、云毒、ＨＫ、１１８）的含毒尿囊液或纯化病毒进行ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ,结果除Ｈｏｌｔｅ株和２个分离株（宜毒、云毒）外,其余均成功地扩增出６００ｂｐ的片段。用１．７、０．２、０．６ｋｂ３对引物对６个ＩＢＶ毒株和６个分离株的含毒尿囊液在相同和不同条件下进行ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ,结果３对引物分别扩增出３、５、９株ＩＢＶ,同时可将不同血清型的１２个ＩＢＶ株分成６种基因型。将ＩＢＶ分离株ＨＫ与标准株Ｍ４１经ＰＣＲ扩增、ＨａｅⅢ和Ｈｉｎｄ酶切、ＲＦＬＰ分析,表明属同一马萨诸塞血清型。３株ＩＢＶ（Ｈ１２０,ＨＫ,Ｍ４１）在鸡胚中繁殖,ＰＣＲ最早检出的时间为２０～２４ｈ。ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ提供了直接从尿囊液和感染鸡组织中快速检测病毒的新方法。     

1株B亚型禽偏肺病毒的分离与鉴定

从山东省多个地区的商品肉鸡养殖场采集64份疑似病料,通过RT—PCR方法检测出37份禽偏肺病毒阳性病料,以此作为病毒分离材料接种SPF鸡胚,盲传至第7代时鸡胚生长明显迟滞。取阳性尿囊液在CEF中培养,呈现禽偏肺病毒典型细胞病变（CPE）：细胞变圆、悬浮,有合胞体形成。将分离株接种于Veto细胞及DF-1细胞均出现类似病变。对分离株F基因进行测序,并与GenBank中发表的部分代表序列比较。结果显示,与B亚型禽偏肺病毒的核苷酸同源性最高,为97．4％～99．3％;与A亚型禽偏肺病毒核苷酸同源性较低,为77．4％～78．1％;而与C亚型禽偏肺病毒核苷酸同源性最低,为69．5％～69．7％。基因分型显示分离株为B亚型禽偏肺病毒,将该毒株命名为禽偏肺病毒SDWF株。     

Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis viral infection of newly hatched chickens and embryonating eggs.

Fewer than 25% of 12-hour-old chicks died after subcutaneous inoculation of 5 strains or intracranial inoculation of 3 strains of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus. Mortality of embryonating chicken eggs inoculated by the allantoic route decreased from approximately 75% to 35% between 9 and 18 days of incubation, although all 18-day-old embryos died after intraembryonic inoculation. Thus, neither newly hatched chicks nor chicken embryos (unless inoculated intraembryonically) would be of value in safety testing inactivated Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis viral vaccines.     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒沈阳分离株生物学特性及其免疫原S1基因的克隆与序列分析

本研究对分离自沈阳地区的一株传染性支气管炎病毒（ＳＹ毒株）进行了生物学特性的研究,同时成功地对其免疫原Ｓ１基因进行了ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ扩增、克隆与序列分析。 通过电镜观察、动物回归试验、血凝特性研究等试验验证分离自沈阳地区的ＳＹ毒株确实为一株传染性支气管炎病毒。气管环组织培养交叉中和试验结果表明,分离株ＳＹ株不同于参考毒株澳大利亚Ｔ、Ｈ５２、Ｍ４１,且不同于国内其它流行株ＨＤ、ＨＢ、ＸＢ、ＤＢ等,是一个新的变异株。 利用ＩＢＶ Ｓ１基因特异性寡聚核苷酸引物,经ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ扩增ＳＹ毒株的Ｓ１基因,得到预期的约１．７Ｋｂ片段;并将扩增所得ｃＤＮＡ插入克隆质粒ｐＵＣ１９的ＥｃｏＲⅠ／ＢａｍＨⅠ位点,在大肠杆菌ＤＨ５ａ中实现目的基因的克隆。经限制性核酸内切酶分析及ＰＣＲ鉴定,证实为阳性重组质粒,利用末端双脱氧链终止法对其测序,得到Ｓ１基因全长１６４０ｂｐ,包括整个开放阅读框。通过序列分析软件ＤＮＡＳＩＳ、ＰＲＯＳＩＳ、ＭＥＧＡ等软件对Ｓ１基因核苷酸序列及推导的氨基酸序列进行分析,结果表明：分离株ＳＹ与７株参考株和国内流行株ＨＤ株相比,无论是核苷酸序列同源百分率还是氨基酸序列同源百分离都较低,均未达到８０％,这就提示我们ＳＹ毒     

用地高辛标记核酸探针检测鹅细小病毒的研究

从带有鹅细小病毒(GPV)NSI基因的重组质粒pMD18T-NS1用限制性内切酶EcoRI和BamH1双酶切回收1880bp大小片段,并制备出地高辛标记的GPV核酸探针。其标记效率达到0．01pg／μl。特异性检测结果表明,该探针能与GPV不同毒株核酸发生特异性杂交,而与对照的DPV、GPPV等病毒的核酸杂交反应均为阴性;敏感性检测结果表明,该探针对GPV的最低检出量为0．0224pg。该探针对不同方法处理的GPV感染病料进行检测,均出现杂交阳性。表明所研制的标记探针用于GPV的检测足可行的。     

新城疫病毒在鸡胚不同组织增殖的研究

不同新城疫病毒Ｆ４８Ｅ８、Ｎ－７９、ＬａＳｏｔａ和分离株Ｘ以１∶１００００稀释接种９日龄ＳＰＦ鸡胚,每胚０．２ｍｌ,结果发现,Ｆ４８Ｅ８和分离株Ｘ毒力较强,可在５０小时左右致死鸡胚,ＬａＳｏｔａ和Ｎ－７９较弱。Ｆ４８Ｅ８和Ｘ株接种鸡胚的肌肉、肝脏、脑和尿囊液均有大量病毒存在,而Ｎ－７９和ＬａＳｏｔａ只在尿囊液中有大量病毒存在,胚体病毒极少。     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)干扰新城疫病毒(NDV)增殖现象的研究

ＩＢＶ毒株Ｈ１２０、Ｈ５２、ＭＡ５对ＮＤＶ－ＬａＳｏｔａ的干扰实验证明ＩＢＶ特异性干扰ＮＤＶ增殖。１）采取不同顺序的同胚接种法：ＩＢＶ接种之后再接种ＮＤＶ;或ＮＤＶ接种之后再接种ＩＢＶ,及ＩＢＶ,ＮＤＶ同时接种,ＩＢＶ均干扰ＮＤＶ的增殖。２）ＮＤＶ接种３６小时之内,干扰现象最为明显,Ｈ１２０,Ｈ５２的干扰能力稍强于ＭＡ５。３）ＮＤＶ血清中和实验结果显示,不同顺序同胚接种ＮＤＶ、ＩＢＶ时,ＮＤＶ－ＬａＳｏｔａ不影响ＩＢＶ的增殖能力。同胚增殖ＩＢＶ,ＮＤＶ的关键是控制ＮＤＶ、ＩＢＶ的接毒量及选择合适的收毒时间。     

鸡传染性支气管炎H120、W93株活疫苗生产工艺的改进

分别以鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(In-fectiousbronchitisvirus,IBV)H120株、W93株不同病毒量接种10、12日龄SPF鸡胚,并改变后孵化温度生产抗原液,接种后不同时间收获胚液,根据鸡胚的早死率以及胚液的收获量、病毒滴度,选择最佳的生产工艺。结果表明,IBVH120株、W93株以102.7EID50/0.1mL的病毒量接种12日龄鸡胚尿囊腔,在34.5℃孵育35h,可较为显著地降低早死胚率,提高产毒量,且抗原液病毒滴度符合疫苗制备规程的要求。     

鹅细小病毒VP1-VP3非重叠序列地高辛探针的制备和应用

根据GPV H1株核苷酸序列，设计了扩增VP1-VP3基因非重叠序列的1对引物，对其结构蛋白VP1与VP3非重叠核苷酸序列进行PCR扩增，将PCR产物纯化、回收后制备出GPV VP1-VP3基因DIG标记核酸探针，其标记效率达到0．1pg／μl。特异性检测结果表明，该探针能与GPV不同毒株核酸发生特异性杂交，而与对照的DPV、GPMV等病毒的核酸杂交反应均为阴性；敏感性检测结果表明该探针对GPV的最低检出量为0．032ng。上述试验结果表明该探针可以用于GPV感染临床病料的检测。     

Preparing hemagglutinating antigen from isolates of infectious bronchitis virus

The hemagglutinating (HA) activity of 14 strains of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was investigated. The optimal conditions for IBV antigen preparation include inoculation of 10- or 11-day-old specific pathogen-free embryonated eggs and incubation for 30 hours at 37 C. Embryos were inoculated via the allantoic cavity with 0.1 ml of a low embryonic passage of the virus (10(7) to 10(8) EID50/ml). Allantoic fluid was harvested and pooled, and a 100-fold concentration of virus particles was achieved by centrifugation for 3 hours at 30,000 x g. Virus pellets were resuspended in Tris-hydrochloride buffer containing 3 units of phospholipase-C (type-1) enzyme/ml and incubated for 2 hours at 37 C. All IBV strains tested demonstrated positive HA activity with chicken red blood cells. The antigen was stored in liquid state or lyophilized at 4 C.     

巢式PCR快速鉴定鸡传染性支气管炎病毒的研究

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（ＩＢＶ）经鸡胚增殖后,直接用尿囊液提取ＲＮＡ后反转录成ｃＤＮＡ,用ＩＢＶ基因３’端的ＵＴＲ１－／ＵＴＲ２＋和ＵＴＲ３－／ＵＴＲ４＋两对引物进行巢式ＰＣＲ,所检测的４个ＩＢＶ标准参考株和１６个ＩＢＶ野毒株均得到了预期的１７４ｂｐ大小的片段,而鸡新城疫病毒（ＮＤＶ）,鸡传染性法氏囊病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）及正常鸡胚尿囊液经同样处理没有可见片段出现。本试验不需纯化册毒只需０５ｍｌ病毒尿囊液即可在２４小时内得到准确的试验结果。这表明与其它ＩＢＶ鉴定方法相比,该法具有快速、灵敏、特异的优点。     

Detection of avian infectious bronchitis viral infection using in situ hybridization and recombinant DNA

A recombinant DNA probe with specificity for the 3' end of genomic RNA from the Ark 99 strain of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was found to hybridize with extracted RNA of three strains with the Ark serotype, as well as the Mass41, Holl52, Gray, JMK, Conn, Fla and SE17 strains of IBV. Viral infection was detected in the cytoplasm of chicken embryo kidney cells inoculated with Mass41, Ark99, SE17 or two recent field isolates of IBV using in situ cytohybridization and a biotinylated probe. In vivo infections were detected in individual cells of tracheas and lungs 2,4, and 6 days after inoculation of chicks with Mass41 and Ark99. In situ hybridization of Ark99 infected tissue sections using 32P-dATP labelled probe indicated that more viral replication was present in the trachea on day 4 than either days 2 or 6; whereas more viral RNA was found in the lungs on day 6 than days 2 or 4 after inoculation.     

Identification of field isolates of infectious bronchitis virus by interference with the La Sota of strain of Newcastle disease virus

The interference phenomenon of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) with growth of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in embryonating chicken eggs (ECE) was used as a diagnostic method. Fifteen field isolates obtained from presumptively infectious-bronchitis-affected chickens were analyzed by the IBV-NDV interference test. Eight isolates were capable of interfering with the growth of the La Sota strain of NDV, as measured by hemagglutination (HA) activity when IBV was inoculated 10 hr before NDV into ECE. The interference was considered specific for IBV, because it could be eliminated by adding homologous anti-IBV serum. The sensibility of this method could be demonstrated, because in some cases low-passage levels of IBV isolates showing HA interference ability were not capable of producing lesions in ECE. Furthermore, serologically negative IBV samples did not interfere with NDV growth. From these results, the IBV-NDV interference test appears to be a potential diagnostic alternative for identifying IBV field isolates.     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒SC株N基因序列测定与同源性分析

从我国四川省一疑似鸡传染性支气管炎(Avianinfectious bronchitisvirus,IB)的雏鸡病料中成功分离到一株鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(Infectious Bronchitis Virus,IBV),命名为SC。病毒经鸡胚传代、血凝试验监测和负染电镜检查证实为IBV。自接毒鸡胚尿囊液中提取RNA后应用反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)扩增得到了IBVSC株mRNA6 cDNA(编码N蛋白)。应用DNAstar5．06,Clustal1．8分析软件将克隆测序的N蛋白基因与Genbank中11株国内外参考毒株进行序列比较分析和同源性分析,发现IBV SC株变异独特,明显不同于国内外参考毒株。     

传染性支气管炎病毒纤突蛋白S1基因的T/A载体克隆策略

参考Genbank收录的IBV纤突蛋白 (S1)基因序列 ,自行设计合成一对引物 ,对传染性支气管炎病毒 (IBV)江苏省地方分离毒株 (JS/95/0 3)RNA进行RT PCR扩增 ,产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析 ,呈现一条 1716bp的条带 ,将其克隆入T/A质粒pMD18 T载体中 ,转化大肠杆菌JM10 9,挑选阳性克隆 ,用质粒少量提取法提取重组质粒 ,用EcoRⅠ和HindⅢ双酶切对重组克隆质粒进行鉴定 ,然后进行序列测定 ,证实为S1基因。将此重组质粒命名为pMDJS950 3S。