Treatment with ivermectin of sarcoptic mange in pigs

Ivermectin injectable solution (1% w/v) was highly effective against Sarcoptes scabiei var suis when administered subcutaneously once to swine at 300 mcg/kg body weight. There were significantly (P < 0.05) fewer Sarcoptes mange mites counted on pigs treated with ivermectin than on untreated pigs at each count up to day 56 after treatment. The results indicate ivermectin should provide an efficient, practical means of control of sarcoptic mange in intensive piggeries.     

Efficacy of topically administered ivermectin against chorioptic and sarcoptic mange of cattle

The efficacy of topically administered ivermectin against Chorioptes bovis and Sarcoptes scabiei var bovis on cattle was evaluated in five studies involving a total of 68 cattle. Treatment with ivermectin solution at a dose rate of 500 micrograms/kg bodyweight topically once was fully effective against C bovis and S scabiei when applied to healthy skin. Efficacy against S scabiei was impaired when the formulation was applied over areas of severe lesions caused by this parasite, presumably due to reduced absorption of ivermectin.     

Use of ivermectin to control sarcoptic mange in goats in Indonesia

Summary The results of three experiments aimed at controlling sarcoptic mange in goats in Indonesia are reported. In Experiment 1 treatment with ivermectin (0·2 mg/kg body weight) or coumaphos (0·05% dip solution) resulted in a significant reduction in mite numbers and an increase in body weight while in the untreated controls all animals had to be withdrawn from the experiment due to severity of infection. In Experiment 2 three treatment levels of ivermectin were shown to be equally effective in reducing mite numbers, while again all untreated control animals were withdrawn. The third experiment demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in mite numbers following two doses of ivermectin at a seven day interval when compared to a single dose. Again the majority of untreated control animals were withdrawn. Future control strategies and reasons for failure to eliminate the presence of mites are discussed.

---

Uso De La Ivermectina Para El Control De La Sarna Sarcoptica En Cabras En Indonesia

Resumen Se describen los resultados de tres experimentos a controlar sarna sarcóptica en cabras en Indonesia. En el experimento I, el tratamiento con ivermectina (200 µg/kg de peso corporal) o con cumafos (0.05 % de una solución para baño de inmersión) dió como resultado una reducción significativa en el número de parásitos y en el incremento de peso, mientras que en el grupo de controles no tratados, todos los animales tuvieron que ser retirados del experimento debido a la severidad de la infección. En el experimento 2 tres niveles de tratamiento con ivermectina, fueron igualmente efectivos en reducir el número de ácaros; mientras que los animales no tratados tuvieron también que ser retirados. El tercer experimento dió como resultado una reducción significativa en el número de ácaros después de dos dosis de ivermectina con un intervalo de siete días, comparada con una dosis sencilla. Otra vez, la mayoría de controles no tratados tuvieron que ser retirados. Se discute en este trabajo las estrategias futuras de control y las razones de las fallas para eliminar la presencia de ácaros.

---

Emploi De L'Ivermectine Pour Lutter Contre La Gale Sarcoptique Des Chevres En Indonesie

Résumé Les auteurs rapportent les résultats de 3 expériences ayant pour but la lutte contre la gale sarcoptique en Indonésie.Expérience n° 1: le traitement à l'ivermectine à la dose de 200 mg par kg de poids vif ou au coumaphos (bain en solution à 0,05 p. 100) a entraîné une réduction significative du nombre des parasites et un accroissement du poids corporel. Chez les témoins non traités au contraire, tous les animaux ont dû être retirés de l'expérience en raison de la sévérité de l'infection.Expérience n° 2: 3 niveaux de traitment par l'ivermectine ont montré une efficacité identique dans la réduction du nombre des acariens, tandis que là encore les animaux témoins non-traités ont dû être retirés.Expérience n° 3: Elle a révélé une réduction significativement plus grande dans le nombre des parasites après 2 doses d'ivermectine à sept jours d'intervalle, comparée à une dose unique. Comme dans les 2 expériences précédentes, la majorité des témoins a dû être soustraite au protocole. Les stratégies de lutte possibles et les raisons des échecs dans l'élimination des parasites font l'objet de la discussion.

---

---

Name and address for reprints: Dr A.J. Wilson, Project Manager, RIVS, PO Box 52, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia.     

An evaluation of ivermectin in the treatment of sarcoptic mange in dogs

A colony of mixed-breed dogs (n = 298) naturally infested with Sarcoptes scabiei was treated, twice, with 200 micrograms of ivermectin/kg of body weight subcutaneously at 14-day intervals. After the initial injection, positive skin scrapings from 20 treated dogs decreased from 7 to 1 and the degree of pruritus decreased. In contrast, positive skin scrapings from 22 nontreated dogs increased from 10 to 14, and there was an additional deterioration in the condition of the skin and an increase in the degree of pruritus. Complete control was noticed in all treated dogs by posttreatment day 28 (14 days after a 2nd injection) based on negative skin scrapings.     

Control of cattle mange in southern africa using ivermectin

Seven trials including 768 cattle were conducted in South Africa and Namibia to evaluate the efficacy of the systemic parasiticide ivermectin when administered subcutaneously at a dose rate of 200 micrograms/kg against sarcoptic (Sarcoptes scabiei var. bovis), chorioptic (Chorioptes bovis) and psoroptic (Psoroptes ovis var. bovis) mange mites. The efficacy of a single treatment against Psoroptes and Sarcoptes was greater than against Chorioptes. There was marked clinical cure in all treated cases with loss of crusts and hair regrowth. The number of cases of psoroptic mange in two large herds, of which 42.4% of 724 animals were clinically affected prior to mass treatment, was reduced by 99.3% following a single subcutaneous treatment with ivermectin; a single animal from which mites were recovered may not have been treated. The apparent prevalence and prospects for control and eradication of cattle mange in South Africa and Namibia are discussed.     

FC-44 The therapeutic effect of selamectin and ivermectin regimens in canine sarcoptic mange

Worldwide, sarcoptic mange in cats is seldom reported, and then only in sporadic individual cases. We describe an epidemic in a household with a dog and 25 cats. From September 2002, the dog was repeatedly treated with ivermectin for sarcoptic mange. The diagnosis was confirmed by skin scrapings. Fifteen months later, cats from the same household were diagnosed with severe sarcoptic mange. Twenty-one of the cats were euthanized and necropsies were performed. Skin samples were taken from all cats from different body sites for histology, and skin scrapings were examined for ectoparasites. Samples for bacterial and dermatophyte culture were taken from six cats. Smears for cytology were made from lesions on four cats with severe mange. Sera from 21 cats and the dog were analysed for specific antibodies to Sarcoptes scabiei . Molecular characterizations of six individual mites were done. Large numbers of S. scabiei were isolated from the infected skin of most of the cats. Two-thirds of the cats showed skin lesions compatible with chronic sarcoptic mange. Macroscopically, internal organs exhibited no obvious pathology. Yeast organisms and coccoid bacteria were found in the smears; penicillinase-negative Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from all samples and Malassezia pachydermatis was identified from four cats. Sarcoptes scabiei was seen histologically in all cats showing chronic skin lesions. No other ectoparasites were found. All analysed cats had specific antibodies against S. scabiei . Twenty-one cats tested negatively for FeLV and FIV. The mites had DNA sequences identical to S. scabiei from naturally infected dogs and Swedish wildlife.
Funding: Self-funded.     

Current distribution of sarcoptic mange in wombats

Objective To determine the distribution and prevalence of sarcoptic mange in wombats, particularly the common wombat ( Vombatus ursinus ).
Design Questionnaire survey in two parts.
Procedure Questionnaires were distributed to biologists, rangers, animal carers and naturalists. Part 1 of the questionnaire aimed to determine the present distribution of sarcoptic mange in wombats (103 responses). Part 2 invited respondents to assess the prevalence of sarcoptic mange in wombats over a 3 month period (four responses). Information on wombats from 66 localities was received. Each locality represented an area of about 2500 km².
Results Mange was observed at 93% of localities surveyed and Sarcoptes scabiei was present in common wombats at 52% of localities. Sarcoptic mange was highly prevalent (22%) in two common wombat populations in Victoria. Anecdotal evidence suggested that mange epizootics are sporadic, cause significant morbidity and mortality and have a substantial effect on local abundance. The respondents did not report sarcoptic mange in either northern hairy-nosed wombats ( Lasiorhinus krefftii ) or southern hairy-nosed wombats ( Lasiorhinus latifrons ).
Conclusions Sarcoptic mange occurs in common wombat populations throughout the range of the common wombat including Tasmania and Flinders Island. While mange epizootics are sporadic, they have the potential to threaten the long-term survival of small, remnant populations.     

Eradication of sarcoptic mange from a Belgian pig breeding farm with a combination of injectable and in-feed ivermectin

Sarcoptes scabiei var suis was eradicated from a Belgian pig farm by using a combination of injections of ivermectin and ivermectin in the feed. The detection of mites in ear scrapings, and calculations of an average dermatitis score and a scratching index were used to evaluate the mange status of the pigs before and after the treatment. Before the treatment 28 per cent of ear scrapings of finishers were positive for the presence of mites, their average dermatitis score (ADS) was 0.92 and their scratching index was 2.0. There was a significant decrease in all three measurements during the year after the treatment, and one year after treatment, no mites were found in the ear scrapings; the ADS of the finishers was 0.31 and their scratching index was 0.16. Adult animals were negative for the presence of mites at all times, the ADS was below the cut-off level before and after treatment, and the scratching index decreased after treatment There was an economic improvement among the breeding sows and the fattening pigs. The feed consumption of the sows decreased by 5 per cent; rebreeding decreased by 4.55 per cent; average litter size increased by 0.33 live piglets born per litter and the farrowing index increased by 0.075 litters per sow per year. As a result, the production index increased by 1.34 more piglets weaned per sow per year. There was an immediate improvement in feed conversion during the five months after the treatment. The costs of the treatment were recovered within 3.7 months.