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牛肉是重要的畜产品之一,牛肉中的脂肪及脂肪酸组成是决定牛肉品质的重要因素,尤其是肌内脂肪沉积的含量对牛肉的口感性、嫩度、风味和多汁性等肉品质方面起到重要作用。本文综述了影响肌内脂肪沉积的遗传因素、营养因素和环境因素,以期为调控肉牛肌内脂肪含量提高牛肉品质提供理论依据。 相似文献
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牛肉是一种营养价值较高的食品,具有高蛋白、低脂肪、低胆固醇等优点。随着人们对健康和保健意识的提高,消费者越来越意识到健康和饮食的关系,要求吃到高质量的牛肉。肌内脂肪是影响牛肉品质的重要因素之一,影响牛肉的多汁性、嫩度和风味,适宜的肌内脂肪含量可以改善肉质,提高牛肉的营养价值和食用品质。肌内脂肪的含量和分布受遗传和营养等多种因素的控制和影响,通过营养调控干预机体代谢来改善肌内脂肪是一种切实可行的途径。文章仅就肌内脂肪与牛肉感官品质、营养及保健价值的关系和国内外通过日粮营养调控改善牛肉肌内脂肪含量,提高牛肉质量的技术研究作一综述。 相似文献
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随着人们生活水平的不断提高,对牛肉质量的要求也越来越高,肉牛养殖场所生产的牛肉要满足消费者对营养、风味、安全和健康等方面的需求,因此,生产高档牛肉是肉牛养殖场获得较高经济效益的关键。由于影响牛肉质量的因素较多,并且各因素间还相互影响,因而通过分析影响牛肉质量的因素有助于采取有效的措施提高牛肉质量。 相似文献
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本文以中国西门塔尔牛与青海农区当地黄牛杂交F1代11月龄犊牛肉为原料,以感官评价为主要指标,采用正交试验研究食盐、白砂糖、酱油的添加量对牛肉表皮色泽、风味的影响,确定了卤汁犊牛肉的最佳加工工艺参数,试验结果表明,食盐、白砂糖、酱油的添加量分别为1.5%、2.0%、2.5%时,感官评价最佳. 相似文献
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《中国畜牧杂志》2015,(Z1)
为揭示酵母制剂对牛肉品质的影响,本研究参考澳大利亚肉质评价体系(MSA)评价了活性干酵母(ADY)和酵母培养物(YC)等2种典型酵母制剂产品对牛肉风味的影响。试验牛为西门塔尔X鲁西杂交F1代杂交牛45头,试验处理分别为对照组、活性干酵母组(ADY)和酵母培养物组(YC),每组15头,单栏饲养。试验期112 d,其中预试期14 d,正式试验期98 d。饲养试验结束后全部屠宰,取背最长肌通过涮(火锅)和煎(铁板烧)2种烹饪方式做牛肉的小组风味感官评价。结果表明:在涮(火锅)和煎(铁板烧)烹饪方式中,ADY和YC组牛肉的嫩度评分均高于对照组,其中涮(火锅)烹调方式中,牛肉嫩度的评分达到了显著水平(P0.05);ADY及YC对牛肉的多汁性评分无明显改善(P0.05),但在风味评价及整体满意度评分方面,ADY及YC的评分数值上均高于对照组(P0.05)。ADY及YC改善了牛肉的嫩度,提升了牛肉的风味,同时采用涮(火锅)的烹调方式对牛肉牛风味的提升更为有益。 相似文献
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牛肉中的脂肪含量与牛肉品质有很强的相关性,其与牛肉的嫩度、剪切力、多汁性和风味息息相关。文章就影响牛脂肪沉积的因子及相关基因研究等方面进行了综述,以期为改善肌内脂肪含量提高牛肉品质提供理论参考。 相似文献
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羊肉的风味在一定程度上影响消费者的接受度,因此对羊肉风味的研究备受关注。脂肪组织是羊肉最明显的风味来源,而呈现羊肉风味的化合物主要有支链脂肪酸、醛类化合物、酚类化合物及酮类物质等。品种、性别和年龄等遗传因素、饲料营养水平及各种添加物质等营养因素、饲养方式及疾病等因素均可影响羊肉风味。脂肪组成和代谢的遗传控制可以形成品种特有的风味,而脂肪氧化产物碳酰化合物种类和数量的差异是种间风味差异的主要原因。性别不同在脂肪含量及组成上存在差异,对羊肉风味也有影响。随着动物年龄的增长,皮下脂肪沉积增多,饱和脂肪酸比例增大,脂质氧化物的浓度增加,羊肉的风味也会变得强烈。不同部位的羊肉因挥发性化合物的种类和含量不同而在风味上存在差异。羊肉的风味受到采食饲料类型的影响,高蛋白饲料、高能量饲料、风味植物、不饱和脂肪酸含量高的籽实及其他添加剂均在一定程度上影响羊肉的风味。饲养方式与疾病因素也会使羊肉风味发生变化。饲养密度、光照等环境因素对羊肉风味也有不同程度的影响。养羊生产中可以通过品种选择、营养调控及科学饲养管理等途径来改善羊肉气味和风味。 相似文献
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Hiroyuki KAWACHI 《Animal Science Journal》2006,77(5):463-471
Beef marbling is an important trait of meat quality and beef marbling influences the tenderness and flavor of beef, which contributes directly to the value of beef especially in the Japanese market. The lipid content of beef depends on the strain, sex, diet and fattening period of the animal. Japanese Black cattle (Wagyu) are well‐known for their ability to produce marbling beef and this is a popular strain in Japan. The development of beef marbling was closely associated with an increase in the number of adipocytes, that is, adipocyte differentiation in the skeletal muscle. This review article describes our experiment and related reports on micronutrients, especially vitamins and minerals, affecting adipogenesis in beef cattle. We pursue the possibility that manipulating the level of dietary micronutrients may become a new technique to promote beef marbling. 相似文献
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肉牛是人类重要的畜产品来源之一,其肉质鲜美,营养丰富,深受消费者的喜爱。近年来,随着我国经济的飞速发展和人民生活水平的提高,牛肉作为一种高质量的蛋白质来源,可以为消费者提供非常理想的饮食体验,导致国内高品质牛肉需求量正在日益增长,肉牛养殖成为了农牧业的重要支柱产业之一。而犊牛的培育将直接影响到肉牛养殖业的健康发展,因而保证犊牛的健康,提高犊牛的成活率和生长效率对推进肉牛产业发展具有重大意义。本文针对犊牛的消化生理特点,总结了犊牛的饲养要点和管理方法,旨在为犊牛的高效养殖提供参考。 相似文献
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家禽的肉质性状已经成为育种工作者一个重要的研究方向,而影响家禽肉质的因素有很多,如:遗传、营养、环境、疾病等。研究结果表明,肌内脂肪与肉的嫩度及肉质相关;另外,肌苷酸(IM P)是鸡肉质鲜味特性的主要物质基础,影响IM P生成的各种基因都是潜在的候选基因。作者综述了与肌内脂肪及肌苷酸合成代谢相关的脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)、细胞外脂肪酸结合蛋白(EX-FABP)、瘦蛋白受体(OBR)、解偶联蛋白(UCP)、腺苷琥珀酸裂解酶(ADSL)、腺苷一磷酸脱氨酶1(AM PD 1)等基因的研究进展。 相似文献
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Goodson KJ Morgan WW Reagan JO Gwartney BL Courington SM Wise JW Savell JW 《Journal of animal science》2002,80(2):401-408
An in-home beef study evaluated consumer ratings of clod steaks (n = 1,264) as influenced by USDA quality grade (Top Choice, Low Choice, High Select, and Low Select), city (Chicago and Philadelphia), consumer segment (Beef Loyals, who are heavy consumers of beef; Budget Rotators, who are cost-driven and split meat consumption between beef and chicken; and Variety Rotators, who have higher incomes and education and split their meat consumption among beef, poultry, and other foods), degree of doneness, and cooking method. Consumers evaluated each steak for Overall Like, Tenderness, Juiciness, Flavor Like, and Flavor Amount using 10-point scales. Grilling was the predominant cooking method used, and steaks were cooked to medium-well and greater degrees of doneness. Interactions existed involving the consumer-controlled factors of degree of doneness and(or) cooking method for all consumer-evaluated traits for the clod steak (P < 0.05). USDA grade did not affect any consumer evaluation traits or Warner-Bratzler shear force values (P > 0.05). One significant main effect, segment (P = 0.006), and one significant interaction, cooking method x city (P = 0.0407), existed for Overall Like ratings. Consumers in the Beef Loyals segment rated clod steaks higher in Overall Like than the other segments. Consumers in Chicago tended to give more uniform Overall Like ratings to clod steaks cooked by various methods; however, consumers in Philadelphia gave among the highest ratings to clod steaks that were fried and among the lowest to those that were grilled. Additionally, although clod steaks that were fried were given generally high ratings by consumers in Philadelphia, consumers in Chicago rated clod steaks cooked in this manner significantly lower than those in Philadelphia. Conversely, consumers in Chicago rated clod steaks that were grilled significantly higher than consumers in Philadelphia. Correlation and stepwise regression analyses indicated that Flavor Like was driving customer satisfaction of the clod steak. Flavor Like was the sensory trait most highly correlated to Overall Like, followed by Tenderness, Flavor Amount, and Juiciness. Flavor Like was the first variable to enter into the stepwise regression equation for predicting Overall Like, followed by Tenderness and Flavor Amount. For the clod steak, it is likely that preparation techniques that improve flavor without reducing tenderness positively affect customer satisfaction. 相似文献
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肉牛业是我国农业供给侧结构性改革发展中的重点产业,也是改善居民膳食结构、促进农民增收、农业增效的重要产业。近年来,我国肉牛业发展总体趋稳,但供需不平衡,牛肉市场仍有较大的发展空间,肉牛种业正处于高速发展的新时期。推动肉牛种业高质量发展不仅关系着我国国民生活水平及我国经济实力,更标志着我国国际地位的提升。本文立足于我国肉牛种业现阶段的发展现状,对影响我国肉牛种业发展的主要制约因素进行详细剖析,提出了我国肉牛种业发展的创新构想与突破路径,有望引导我国肉牛种业进入快车道,加速迈向联合育种的新时期,打破种源+牛肉“双重垄断”,实现肉牛种业由自主到主导的跨越。 相似文献