“马铃薯—黄瓜—晚稻”高效栽培技术

1　马铃薯双膜覆盖技术1 1　选用良种马铃薯应选用熟期早 ,产量高 ,适宜栽培的早熟品种东农 30 3和克新 4号。1 2　适时整地 ,施足基肥在晚稻收割后及时翻耕 ,播前耙细土块、整畦 ,畦沟宽 1 8ｍ ,其中畦面宽 1 6ｍ ,覆盖双膜后马铃薯不利追肥 ,必须在播种覆膜前施足基肥 ,以促使马铃薯根系充分发育以不断提供植株生长所需的养分 ,一般在整畦前每 6 6 7ｍ2 施腐熟畜栏肥10 0 0ｋｇ ,马铃薯播种时 ,每 6 6 7ｍ2 在种穴中施复合肥 5 0ｋｇ ,再用猪粪 10 0 0ｋｇ盖种。1 3　适时播种马铃薯一般在 1月上旬播种。每 6 6 7ｍ2 用种130ｋｇ左右 ,在…     

玉米——旱稻间作高产栽培技术

凤城市属辽东山区 ,耕地面积仅 5 40 0 0ｈｍ2 ,其中有 5 6 %的面积单一种植玉米 ,经济效益极低。近年来 ,我们探索出了玉米—旱稻间作高产高效栽培模式 ,充分利用地力 ,提高单位面积产量 ,增加了农民的经济效益 ,其中玉米产量仍保证在 5 0 0～ 70 0ｋｇ/ 6 6 7ｍ2 ,旱稻产量可达 30 0～ 40 0ｋｇ/ 6 6 7ｍ2 。主要栽培技术如下 :1　品种选配玉米选用株型紧凑中晚熟大穗型品种丹6 38、丹 6 2 0等。旱稻选用丹粳 5号、丹粳 6号、丹粳 8号等。2　整地施肥秋季上冻前进行秋翻地 ,春天解冻后进行春耙地 ,而后按照行距 45ｃｍ打垄。玉米以 6 6 7…     

铁单13号玉米制种技术

播前准备1 .1　选地和整地选择地势高燥 ,中等以上肥力地块 ,制种田四周距其它玉米地距离 30 0ｍ以上 ,秋翻地块 ,早春顶凌耙地 ,顶浆起垄 ,并结合施用底肥 ,及时镇压保墒 ,尽量在 4月 1 0日前起垄结束。1 .2　施肥根据当地气候条件 ,土壤条件以及玉米需肥规律 ,并结合当地农事操作 ,进行科学施肥 ,科学安排。①底肥 ,施优质农家肥 3万～4.5万ｋｇ/ｈｍ2 ;②种肥 ,随播种施Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ复合肥 30 0～ 375ｋｇ/ｈｍ2 ,Ｚｎ肥 2 2 .5ｋｇ/ｈｍ2或 (ＮＨ3) 2 ＰＯ42 2 5～ 30 0ｋｇ/ｈｍ2 ,Ｋ肥 1 5 0ｋｇ/ｈｍ2 ,Ｚｎ肥 2 2 .5ｋｇ/ｈｍ2 ;如…     

浙糯玉1号特征特性及栽培技术

浙糯玉 1号是浙江省东阳玉米研究所于 1994年选育的高产、优质、抗病鲜食型糯玉米新品种。一般鲜穗产量 9750ｋｇ/ｈｍ2 。 2 0 0 0年 4月 6日通过浙江省品种审定委员会认定 ,可在全省推广种植。1　产量水平1995年在本所试验田进行品比试验 ,浙糯玉 1号鲜穗产量 12 4 99 5ｋｇ/ｈｍ2 比对照苏玉糯 1号显著增产。 1996～ 1997年浙江省糯玉米多点品比试验平均鲜穗分别为 10 0 50ｋｇ/ｈｍ2 、10 551ｋｇ/ｈｍ2 比对照苏玉糯 1号分别增产 15 8%、4 9%。 1997年金华市种子公司组织的 6县 (市 )大区生产试验 ,浙糯玉1号平均鲜穗 9930 2ｋｇ…     

小麦/春玉米/秋玉米高产配套技术研究

研究结果表明,本地区“小麦／春玉米／秋玉米”要实现三熟公顷产19500kg(其中小麦3000kg,春玉米10500kg,秋玉米6000kg)的指标,必须做到品种选择瞻前顾后,管理措施优化配套。小麦宜选用矮秆、抗倒、早熟高产品种“南大016—2894”或扬麦9号;春、秋两季玉米均应选用株型紧凑、透光性强的中熟品种掖单13。在技术措施上注重间作共生期的综合协调,处理好当季增产与全年高产的关系。小麦播幅不宜过密,空幅应达到95～100cm;春玉米采用地膜覆盖栽培,促进早熟高产;秋玉米宜适期早播,7月15～20日播种为宜,其出苗后与春玉米的共生期掌握在10d左右。     

春马铃薯—西瓜—秋马铃薯“三熟”高产栽培技术

1　前　言为了努力提高农田的种植效益 ,增加优质农产品的上市量 ,丰富大中城市居民的“菜篮子” ,繁荣城乡市场。近年来 ,我们充分利用丽江两岸海拔低 ,早春气温回升快 ,劳动力充足 ,交通方便等优势 ,积极引导广大乡镇农民调整种植结构 ,大力发展“春马铃薯—西瓜—秋马铃薯”新三熟。 1998年 ,种植面积达 4 43 6ｈｍ2 ,平均每 6 6 7ｍ2 产春马铃薯 16 5 3 5ｋｇ ,西瓜 2 5 15ｋｇ ,秋马铃薯10 6 2 8ｋｇ。全年合计产粮 5 43 4ｋｇ ,收入 5 0 17 84元 ,除出生产成本 ,净收入为 3474 34元 ,6 6 7ｍ2取得了“粮超千斤 ,钱超五千”的显著效…     

宣化河川区夏马铃薯高产栽培技术

1　选用优良品种 ,适当早播选用早熟高产和商品性好的冀张薯 3号一级原种。清明节前进行春耕 ,底墒不足时耕前 5～ 7ｄ浇灌。施肥以种肥为主 ,施农家肥 30 0 0～ 50 0 0ｋｇ/667ｍ2 ,过磷酸钙 50ｋｇ ,硫酸钾 15～ 2 0ｋｇ。农家肥较多时 ,要结合耕地施入部分 ,留余部分作为种肥。为便于浇灌 ,力求精细平整土地和修渠作畦。播种前 15～ 2 0ｄ进行催芽 ,其方法是 :切块后滩开 ,促进伤口愈合 ,伤口愈合后 ,用遮盖物创造黑暗的条件进行催芽 ,幼芽萌动后及时揭掉遮盖物让芽见光 ,促进幼芽健壮。当 0～ 5ｃｍ地温稳定通过 5℃时即可播种 ,行距 50…     

麦、蒜、瓜、棉四熟高产高效栽培技术

近几年来 ,江苏省南通兴起的小麦、青蒜、西瓜、棉花复合套作模式 ,使四种作物都获得了高产 ,是经济效益较为显著的一种种植模式。一般每公顷产小麦 375 0～ 4 5 0 0ｋｇ ,青蒜 30 0 0 0～ 375 0 0ｋｇ ,西瓜 30 0 0 0～ 330 0 0ｋｇ ,棉花 12 0 0～ 135 0ｋｇ ,总产值 5 2 5～ 5 5 5万元 ,纯收入达 4 2～ 4 5万元。1　种植规格4ｍ为一种植带 ,秋播时 ,其中 2 5 3ｍ内播种 3行小麦 ,麦幅 0 4 7ｍ ,空幅 0 5 6ｍ ;在 1 4 7ｍ内种青蒜 ,4月中下旬青蒜上市后 ,移栽西瓜 ,穴距 0 6 7ｍ ,每穴 2株 ,5月中旬在西瓜两侧 0 5ｍ处与小麦每个…     

早籼优质稻佳禾早占抛秧高产栽培技术

佳禾早占是建瓯市近两年主推的早籼稻优质米品种 ,也是目前市场实行优质优价的品种。 2 0 0 0年早季小桥农技站主持了全市的优质米早籼稻佳禾早占 33 3ｈｍ2 抛秧示范片任务 ,已取得较好效果 ,并通过市农技中心组织农技、植保、种子三家联合的测产验收 ,获得平均每 666 7ｍ2 产量 4 5 0ｋｇ ,为进一步推广优质稻抛秧省力化栽培打下良好的基础 ,现将栽培技术介绍如下 :1　适时播种、培育壮秧播种期可安排在 3月上中旬 ,采取软盘泥浆法播种技术 ,即秧畦面宽以竖排放两片软盘为度 ,秧畦沟宽约 30～ 35ｃｍ ,秧畦耙平后按软盘数每667ｍ2 4 5片摆…     

改革种植制度 实现稳粮增收

常山县同弓乡新虹村通过几年的实践 ,建立了“春玉米—晚稻—冬豌豆”种植模式示范畈 ,总面积达２．２ｈｍ２(３２．４亩 )。这种“两旱一水”模式累计每年每６６７ｍ２(１亩 ,下同 )产值可达２５００元左右 ,比“麦—稻—稻”或“油—稻—稻”等传统种植模式增１０００元。春玉米以“浙玉糯９７”或“特甜１号”品种为主 ,主要特点 :一是生育期短。作鲜食玉米 ,只需８５天就可上市 ;二是口味糯性、微甜。三是产量高。鲜食玉米每６６７ｍ２ 产量可达７００～７５０ｋｇ,按市场价１元／ｋｇ计算 ,产值可达７００元以上。晚稻以ＩＩ优４６为主…     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。