肉种鸡饲粮肌苷酸对生长后期子代生长性能及血清免疫指标的影响

试验旨在研究母鸡饲粮添加不同水平肌苷酸(inosinc acid,inosine monphosphate,IMP)对22～42日龄子代鸡生长性能和血清生化指标的影响。试验选取遗传背景相同、体重相近的20周龄健康AA肉鸡480只,随机分为Ⅰ组(基础日粮)、Ⅱ组(基础日粮+0.2%肌苷酸)、Ⅲ组(基础日粮+0.5%肌苷酸)和Ⅳ组(基础日粮+1%肌苷酸),肉种鸡产蛋率达到50%时人工受精,2周后收集种蛋进行孵化。将出壳后的子代鸡随机选取1 920只,根据其肉种鸡饲料中添加肌苷酸的情况相应的分为Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组,每组6个重复,每个重复80只,试验期42 d。试验结果显示:①母鸡饲粮添加肌苷酸对22～42日龄子代鸡生长性能无显著影响(P>0.05);②母鸡饲料添加肌苷酸对22～42日龄子添加量为0.5%和1%时,血清中IL-2含量显著增加(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加IMP对生长后期子代鸡生长性能无显著影响,可显著提高IL-2的含量。     

肉种鸡饲粮添加肌苷酸对生长后期子代肉鸡生长性能及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究肉种鸡饲粮中添加不同水平肌苷酸(IMP)对生长后期(22~42日龄)子代生长性能和血清生化指标的影响。试验选取遗传背景相同、体重相近的20周龄健康爱拔益加(Arbor Acres)肉种鸡480只,随机分为4组,Ⅰ组(基础日粮)、Ⅱ组(基础日粮+0.2%肌苷酸)、Ⅲ组(基础日粮+0.5%肌苷酸)和Ⅳ组(基础日粮+1%肌苷酸)。子代肉鸡根据肉种鸡饲粮中肌苷酸添加情况相应分为Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组,每组6个重复,每个重复80只,子代肉鸡仅饲喂基础日粮,试验期为子代肉鸡22~42日龄。结果显示:与Ⅰ组相比,22~42日龄子代肉鸡各组生长性能无显著差异(P>0.05);在子代肉鸡42日龄时,与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组子代肉鸡血清中总蛋白(TP)的含量显著提高(P<0.05);与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组血清中低密度脂蛋白(LDL-c)含量显著提高(P<0.05);与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组血清中甘油三酯(TG)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。以上结果表明,肉种鸡饲粮中添加肌苷酸对子代生长性能无显著影响,但饲粮中添加0.2%肌苷酸可显著提高生长后期子代血清中TP的含量,降低TG的含量,添加0.5%和1%肌苷酸可显著提高生长后期子代血清中LDL-c含量,且添加1%肌苷酸可显著提高TP含量。     

日粮中添加酿酒葡萄渣对绵羊肉品质及肌肉抗氧化性的影响

旨在研究日粮中添加酿酒葡萄渣对舍饲公羔肌肉抗氧化性及肉品质的影响。选取24只杜泊×小尾寒羊杂交公羔(5月龄,(25±1)kg),采用完全随机设计平均分为4组,其中1组允许自由活动,剩余3组单栏饲养。自由活动组公羔饲喂基础日粮,单栏饲养组公羔分别饲喂含有不同WGP添加量(0%、5%、10%,DM)的日粮。试验结束后,屠宰并取样,测定肉质相关指标与肌肉抗氧化酶活性及表达。结果显示:1)单栏饲养方式极显著增加了羔羊背最长肌中活性氧自由基(ROS,P0.01),显著提高了丙二醛浓度(MDA,P0.05)。日粮中添加WGP可显著降低二者水平(P0.05)。2)日粮中添加WGP对羊肉pH、肉色、蒸煮损失、肌内脂肪含量影响均不显著,但可显著降低背最长肌剪切力(P0.05)与胶原蛋白含量(P0.05)。3)日粮中添加10%WGP可显著提高T-AOC与GPx4活性(P0.05),而5%与10%的WGP添加量可显著提高SOD活性(P0.05),但对catalase活性影响不显著。日粮中添加WGP不改变SOD与catalase表达,但可显著提高Nrf2的mRNA与蛋白质表达丰度(P0.05)。WGP添加后不影响GPx4的mRNA表达,但5%WGP可显著提高其蛋白质含量(P0.05)。结果表明,日粮中添加10%酿酒葡萄皮渣可提高单栏饲养方式下肉羊骨骼肌抗氧化性,减缓氧化应激,并提高羊肉品质。     

仙居鸡日粮中添加桑叶粉对生产性能及鸡肉品质的影响研究

选择69日龄仙居鸡108羽,随机分为3组;每组3个重复,每个重复12羽,公母各半。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂基础日粮中添加5%、10%桑叶粉日粮,经42 d试验。结果表明:试验组增重速度减缓、料重比增加,且10%桑叶粉添加组与对照组相比,差异显著(P0.05)。但试验组鸡的胸肌肌苷酸(IMP)含量显著高于对照组(P0.05),肌内脂肪(IMF)含量和粗蛋白质含量与对照组则无明显差异。     

日粮中添加酵母硒与蛋氨酸硒对湖羊生长性能、羊肉品质及硒沉积的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加酵母硒和蛋氨酸硒对湖羊生长性能、羊肉品质和组织硒沉积的影响。选取33只4月龄育肥期公湖羊,随机分成对照组、酵母硒组和蛋氨酸硒组,对照组饲喂牧场基础日粮,酵母硒组和蛋氨酸硒组日粮中添加0.3 mg/kg硒,预试期1周,正试期8周。结果表明:与对照组相比,日粮中添加有机硒可显著提高湖羊日增重,但对干物质采食量等指标无显著影响;日粮中添加有机硒能显著增加肌肉红度(a*),并提高羊肉嫩度;补硒可显著提高湖羊肌肉、血液和内脏器官中的硒含量,且蛋氨酸硒组在湖羊器官中的沉积效果显著优于酵母硒组。可见,日粮中添加有机硒(0.3 mg/kg)可提高湖羊的生长性能和羊肉品质,提高肌肉和器官中硒含量。     

日粮中添加不同水平益生菌对宁夏滩羊生长性能和肉质的影响

试验探究了高、中、低3种水平复合益生菌对宁夏滩羊的生长性能以及肉质的影响。选择40头体重一致且身体状况良好健康无病的宁夏滩羊随机分为4组,每组10只重复,各组分别在日粮中添加0、500、1 000、1 500 mg/kg的复合益生菌,试验期设置为83 d。试验结果表明,添加益生菌组的试验滩羊的平均日增重显著高于不添加益生菌的对照组,饲料转换率也较对照组显著降低。而在滩羊肉质方面,添加中高水平的益生菌能显著降低滩羊肉的pH值,还可以显著提高羊肉的蛋白质含量,高中低水平分别较对照组提高了32.1%、33.3%、35.2%。研究表明,添加复合益生菌对宁夏滩羊的生长性能具有提高效果,同时在肉质方面有一定改善,可以在日粮中适当添加益生菌,提高养殖场经济效益。     

日粮中添加桑枝叶对滩羊肉氨基酸含量的影响

为了研究日粮中添加桑枝叶对滩羊肉中氨基酸含量的影响,试验选择去势宁夏滩羊12只,采用单因子试验设计,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组6只,对照组和试验组肉羊日粮中精饲料和粗饲料的组成比例一致,但试验组在混合青贮饲料中添加47%的桑枝叶,对照组不添加桑枝叶。试验结束后进行屠宰,采集背最长肌进行氨基酸的分析测定。结果表明:日粮中添加桑枝叶可提高滩羊肉中碱性和部分中性氨基酸含量,其中赖氨酸(Lys)、组氨酸(His)、精氨酸(Arg)、苏氨酸(Thr)、丝氨酸(Ser)、脯氨酸(Pro)的含量分别达到4.15%、6.70%、3.01%、3.23%、2.25%、2.62%,但组间差异不显著(P0.05),试验组其他类氨基酸含量呈下降趋势,但组间差异亦不显著(P0.05)。说明在日粮中添加桑枝叶对滩羊肉氨基酸含量组成无显著影响(P0.05),但由于桑枝叶具有较高的营养价值仍可作为饲料资源进行利用,缓解草畜矛盾,降低养殖成本。     

不同营养调控剂对牛肉中肌苷和肌苷酸含量的影响

研究不同营养调控剂对牛肉中肌苷和肌苷酸含量的影响,为研发营养调控剂用于牛肉品质的改善提供科学依据.试验选用18只荷斯坦公犊,依据体重和类型随机分为3组,试验组分别在精料中添加调控剂Ⅰ(100g/d)和调控剂Ⅱ(108g/d),对照组饲喂基础日粮.结果表明,调控剂Ⅱ组的背最长肌(IMP)和臀中肌(IMP)含量都极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),并且显著高于调控剂Ⅰ组(P<0.05).从结果可以看出,两个调控剂组都可以不同程度提高牛肉中IMP的含量,增加牛肉的鲜味,且以调控剂Ⅱ组效果最好.     

胍基乙酸对舍饲滩羊生长性能、屠宰性能、脂肪沉积及肌肉营养成分的影响

本试验旨在探讨胍基乙酸(GAA)对舍饲滩羊生长性能、屠宰性能、脂肪沉积和肌肉营养成分的影响。试验选取平均体重为(20.32±0.55) kg的健康去势滩羊羔羊120只,按完全随机区组设计分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复5只羔羊。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中分别加入0.04%、0.08%和0.12%GAA。预试期7 d,正试期85 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.08%和0.12%GAA显著提高平均日增重(P0.05),显著降低料重比(P0.05);饲粮中添加GAA对胴体重影响不显著(P 0.05),但添加0.08%和0.12%GAA显著提高屠宰率,添加0.08%GAA显著提高净肉率(P0.05);饲粮中添加0.08%和0.12%GAA显著降低尾脂/胴体重和胴体脂肪含量值(P0.05);饲粮中添加0.08%和0.12%GAA显著升高肌肉中糖原、肌内脂肪和蛋白质含量(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加0.08%GAA能够提高舍饲滩羊的生长性能和屠宰性能,可显著改善滩羊脂肪沉积和肌肉营养成分。     

不同营养调控剂对牛肉中肌苷和肌苷酸含量的影响

研究不同营养调控剂对牛肉中肌苷和肌苷酸含量的影响,为研发营养调控剂用于牛肉品质的改善提供科学依据。试验选用18只荷斯坦公犊,依据体重和类型随机分为3组,试验组分别在精料中添加调控剂Ⅰ(100g/d)和调控剂Ⅱ(108g/d),对照组饲喂基础日粮。结果表明,调控剂Ⅱ组的背最长肌(IMP)和臀中肌(IMP)含量都极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),并且显著高于调控剂Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。从结果可以看出,两个调控剂组都可以不同程度提高牛肉中IMP的含量,增加牛肉的鲜味,且以调控剂Ⅱ组效果最好。     

高效液相色谱法测定猪肌肉中次黄嘌哈核苷酸含量

次黄嘌呤核苷酸(Inosine Monophosphate,IMP),又叫肌苷酸,是体内物质代谢过程中的中间产物,广泛分布于体内,具有生物活性,能透过细胞膜进人细胞内提高多种酶的活性,参与调节生物能量代谢.在食品中它又是一种风味物质,具有增强肉质风味的特性,对肉的品质有较大影响.鱼肉中用核苷酸降解产物来评价鱼肉鲜度和质量已受到广泛的重视,测定IMP的积累量,已被证明可作为衡量海鲜鲜度的指标.关于猪肉中IMP的测定报道较少,本次试验用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分析了98个猪肌肉样品IMP含量,并对相关条件进行了探讨.     

饲养方式和饲喂水平对鸡肉肌苷酸含量及肉质的影响

研究了不同饲养方式和饲喂水平对“广西黄”黄羽肉鸡肉质的影响。结果表明，放养（饲喂水平为对照组的50%）肉鸡的骨纤维直径显著增大，密度减小，肌肉脂肪含量明显升高；肌肉肌苷酸、硫胺素含量亦显著升高。     

Mining the key regulatory genes of chicken inosine 5'-monophosphate metabolism based on time series microarray data

IMP(inosine 5'-monophosphate) is a compound that enhances the flavor of poultry meat.IMP has become a new breeding trait to improve poultry meat quality.We tried to identify several potential regulatory genes,and construct their predicted regulatory relationships.Time series gene expression profiles of thigh muscle tissues of Rugao chicken,a famous indigenous breed in China,were performed for analysis of genes that are co-expressed or correlated with the concentration of IMP.We found 15 crucial co-expression genes,which are Hspa2,Pten,Gabpa,Bpi,Mkl1,Srf,Cd34,Hspa4,Etv6,Bmpr2,Gde1,Igfbp5,Cd28,Pecam1 and Gja1,that may directly or indirectly regulate IMP metabolism.Eventually,we computed the correlation coefficient between 19 IMP Genes and 15 CGs(15co-expression genes),and we identified and constructed a predicted regulation network.In conclusion,variation of IMP concentration was primarily connected with the muscle development process.During this process,15 CGs were identified that may have significant influence on IMP metabolism.In particular,Bmpr2,Pten and co-expression genes correlated with Entpd8 might play important roles in regulating IMP de novo synthesis,decomposition and salvage synthesis.     

Correlation between polymorphisms in ADSL and GARS-AIRS-GART genes with inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP) contents in Beijing-you chickens

1. The association of single nucleotide polymorphisms identified within the ADSL (adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency) gene and GARS-AIRS-GART (glycinamide ribonucleotide synthetase-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide synthetase-glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase) gene with the content of inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP) was studied in a population of male Beijing-you (BJY) chickens slaughtered at 90 d of age. 2. A single nucleotide polymorphism in exon 2 of the ADSL gene had an effect on IMP content. Chickens inheriting the positive allele at ADSL, both homozygous and heterozygous genotypes, had a higher content of IMP in breast muscle than did individuals without it. 3. Similar results were obtained for the GARS-AIRS-GART gene. The marker at the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the GARS-AIRS-GART gene was also significant for the IMP value. Chickens inheriting the genotypes with the positive allele at this locus had a much higher content of IMP than did those homozygous for the unfavourable one. 4. Interactions between ADSL and GARS-AIRS-GART were detected for such traits as body weight and muscle yields in the tested population. The two loci acted in an additive fashion. Because IMP is one of the most important flavour components in meat, markers developed at these two genes, as well as the combination genotypes, could be used as potential molecular markers for improving chicken quality.     

Effects of mycophenolic acid on inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase I and II mRNA expression in white blood cells and various tissues in sheep

Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a mycotoxin commonly found as Penicillium genus secondary metabolite in feedstuffs and silages. Feeding with MPA contaminated silages may modulate the immune system in the farm animals and can cause appetite lost, ketosis, paralysis and abortion. The aim of the present study was to characterize the long-term MPA effect on both the inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) isoforms I and II mRNA expression in white blood cells (WBC) and various tissue of healthy sheep. In treated animals 300 mg MPA/day/sheep was applied. In all investigated tissues the IMPDH I and II mRNA was abundant: WBC, spleen, thymus, ileum, jejunum, kidney, liver, pharyngeal and mesenterial lymph node. An efficiency-corrected relative quantification of the IMPDH types I and II isoforms mRNA were performed by normalizing with the constant reference gene expression of beta-actin. High IMPDH I mRNA expression levels were seen in kidney > mesenterial lymph node > jejunum > spleen > pharyngeal lymph node. Medium and low abundance was found in ileum > WBC > liver > thymus. Type II mRNA was highly expressed in liver > thymus > jejunum. In pharyngeal lymph node > spleen > ileum > mesenterial lymph node > kidney > WBC medium to low IMPDH II mRNA concentrations were detected. Under MPA treatment the IMPDH I mRNA expression was not significantly regulated in WBC, only trends of down- and upregulation were observed. Surprisingly in jejunum an upregulation could be observed (P < 0.05). In pharyngeal lymph node a tendency to downregulation was shown. This may be due to frequent ruminant activities and frequent exposition of MPA to the pharyngeal lymph nodes. In contrast to type I mRNA expression, IMPDH II mRNA was significantly downregulated in ileum (3.4-fold, P < 0.01) and tendencies in downregulation could be seen in jejunum (5.1-fold, P = 0.14). In addition, significant downregulation of IMPDH II gene expression over the entire feeding experiment could be shown in WBC of MPA-treated animals compared with untreated animals (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the recent study demonstrates that feeding sheep with MPA-contaminated silage did not induce IMPDH I mRNA expression in various tissues and blood, except in jejunum, but has suppressive effects on IMPDH II mRNA expression in WBC and ileum.