保姆鸽的选用及注意事项

在规模化的鸽场里，始终存在着少量生产性能较差的鸽这个难题，如何克服这个困难，除通过淘汰补充新鸽外，还可通过选用少部分某项生产性能还较好的鸽作为保姆鸽用，降低因大量淘汰而带来的浪费。如何使用好保姆鸽，其做法如下：1保姆鸽所具备的条件选做保姆用的产鸽必须没有疾病，精神状态好；孵化哺育雏鸽的能力较强，年龄在中年以上或是正在孵蛋哺仔的产鸽。另外，暂时或长期丧失产蛋能力的亲鸽和休闲期的产鸽也可做保姆鸽用。2如何使用好保姆鸽ZI停产鸽用作保姆鸽观察停产鸽的精神状态，如正常，供给无精或死股蛋让其试孵2－4d，若能正…     

细心呵护亲鸽母性提高乳鸽产量

鸽场不论大小，总有一些亲鸽习惯性地将蛋踩烂，不抱窝，孵臭蛋，不喂仔，不抱仔，啄伤或踩伤雏鸽等表现，因而乳鸽产量低、次品率高。亲鸽的上述不良表现可归结为亲鸽母性的缺失。亲鸽的母性直接影响鸽场的经济效益。     

鸽痘的防制措施

鸽痘是由鸽痘病毒引起的一种高度接触性传染病，是鸽场常见病，流行季节为春末、夏季和秋初，梅雨季节严重。乳鸽对该病特别敏感，发病率高达80％；童鸽也发生此病；成鸽则较少得病，感染后往往症状不明显。病鸽康复后不再发病，但仍带有病毒，会传染给其他鸽。该病不但直接引起鸽大量死亡，而且出现很多残次鸽，导致鸽场经济效益下降。     

詹森兄弟鸽舍十年种鸽配对表

在鸽界．提起詹森兄弟鸽舍及他们培育的詹森鸽系可以说无人不知，无人不晓，而手中持有詹森鸽的鸽友也不在少数．但是真正能够连续十年购得詹森鸽的鸽友却为数不多。我有幸在今年年初从比利时获得了“詹森兄弟鸽舍十年种鸽配对表”。为了使广大鸽友了解该鸽系的来龙去脉，也为了使拥有此鸽系的鸽友进一步了解您手中那羽詹森鸽是如何配对作出的，我特借《科学养鸽》一隅之地刊出”詹森兄弟鸽舍十年种鸽配对表”（其中包括2008年詹森兄弟鸽舍种鸽中文译名），仅供广大鸽友参考。相信此表对饲养詹森鸽的鸽友会有很大的帮助。     

肉鸽的养殖技术

１乳鸽的养殖１．１乳鸽的特点乳鸽是出生后２８日龄以内的小鸽。乳鸽因生长快、饲养周期短、食量少、饲料转化率高、投资少、效益大，是肉鸽养殖提供的主要产品。乳鸽出生后自己不会吃料，要通过亲鸽的鸽乳喂到一月龄左右。鸽乳为亲鸽嗉囊中分泌的一种乳状液体。小鸽自己不能保温，要靠亲鸽来保温，人工养殖要给乳鸽垫保温材料，为乳鸽提供保暖。１．２乳鸽的饲养管理乳鸽在亲鸽哺育下到２５～２８日龄时，体重可达５００多克，就可上市销售，但在实际生产中，为了减轻亲鸽哺育的生理负担，让亲鸽提早产下一窝蛋，乳鸽通常在亲鸽喂养到８～…     

提高产鸽孵化率的措施

产鸽的孵化为自然孵化，孵化效果由鸽自身状况及外界条件影响决定。在产鸽的孵化过程中，应依据影响孵化效果的条件，采取如下相应的措施来提高产鸽的孵化率。1 确保品种优良及产鸽群的健康应挑选优良的青年鸽培育为种鸽，并定时预防疾病，减少产鸽的发病率。此外，淘汰孵化性能差的鸽。2 满足鸽的营养需要饲料新鲜可口，品质好、多样化，颗粒适中，各种营养成分能满足鸽的需要，特别是对B族维生素要求更高，在笼养鸽中需补喂多种维生素。喂料定时定量，防止产鸽过肥而影响产蛋受精。3 提供合适的养鸽设备鸽笼设计合理，蛋巢离笼底的高度适…     

鸽场如何防治毛滴虫病

我市养鸽业自１９９０年销售市场回升之后，发展十分迅速，数量规模仅次于“三鸟”而位于珍禽之首。随着养鸽业的发展，鸽病也随之严重。我们对石市各大型鸽场进行调查和对临诊病例解剖后发现鸽场普遍存在鸽毛滴虫病，感染率在８０％以上。该病主要是由带虫的成鸽通过鸽乳传给乳鸽，并可导致乳鸽死亡，严重威胁养鸽业健康发展。现将该病及其防治对策介绍如下。鸽毛滴虫病是鸽最常见的一种原虫病。它寄生在口腔、食道和嗉囊粘膜上。成鸽多以带虫者出现，不表现临诊症状，但可以通过鸽乳传给乳鸽。因此，鸽场一旦发生该病，则难以根除。近几年…     

薛大军科学养殖肉鸽的经验

山东省招远市薛家村村民薛大军投资3.5万元，办起了养鸽场，引进良种鸽100对。历时1年，繁殖肉鸽1.1万对，出售育肥鸽和种鸽8500对，盈利5万多元，成了当地养鸽致富户。其主要养鸽经验如下：     

成鸽雌雄鉴别十法

由于成年雌雄鸽的外貌十分相似，并且一同参加孵蛋，也都能产生鸽乳喂哺乳鸽。即使交配动作，也相互上、下，不仅公鸽会跳到母鸽背上，母鸽也会跳到公鸽背上；也常见公鸽追逐母鸽，母鸽追逐公鸽的情况。这些都给鸽的雌雄性别鉴别带来一定困难。成年鸽雌雄鉴定可采取下列十种方法。一、外貌鉴别法同品种成年雄鸽身体较粗大，颈较粗而硬，脚较粗而有力，头较大而圆；而雌鸽身体较细而小，体形紧凑，颈较细而软，脚较细而小，头顶平面较窄。二、鼻瘤鉴别法雄鸽的鼻瘤较宽而显得大；而雌鸽的鼻瘤较窄而显得小。三、嘴鉴别法雄鸽的嘴部较厚而短；…     

采取综合措施防制鸽痘

鸽痘是由鸽痘病毒引起鸽的一种接触性传染病，临诊上主要表现为皮肤型，多在腿脚、眼睑和喙基部形成痘疹，继而结痂、脱落，偶尔见到粘膜型。鸽对鸽痘病毒的易感性很高，不分龄期、性别和品种均易感染。鸽痘四季可发，但在每年５～１０月蚊子活跃季节最易流行。因蚊子是本病的重要传播媒介，且其带毒时间可长达１０～３０天。地处江汉平原水网地带的养鸽专业户饲养的鸽几乎每年都有鸽痘发生。鸽痘虽然使病鸽生长迟缓，影响外观，但因其传播缓慢，死亡率很低而在生产实践中对鸽痘的预防往往重视不够，加之现在市面鸽痘疫苗销售量很小，而且很…     

Use of systemic disease signs to assess disease severity in dairy cows with acute coliform mastitis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of systemic disease signs for classifying severity of acute coliform mastitis in dairy cows. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. ANIMALS: 144 dairy cows. PROCEDURE: Cows were examined at the time of initial identification of disease (time 0) and classified as having mild, moderate, or severe disease on the basis of rectal temperature, hydration status, rumen contraction rate, and attitude. A CBC and serum biochemical analyses were performed, and milk samples were submitted for bacterial culture at time 0 and 48 hours later. RESULTS: 69 cows were classified as having mild disease, 44 as having moderate disease, and 31 as having severe disease. Median WBC and neutrophil counts were significantly lower in cows with moderate or severe disease at time 0 than in cows with mild disease. Band neutrophil count was significantly higher at 48 hours and serum calcium concentration was significantly lower at time 0 and at 48 hours in cows with severe or moderate disease, compared with cows with mild disease. Twenty-eight, 51, and 77% of cows with mild, moderate, and severe disease, respectively, had > 100,000 colony-forming units/ml of milk at time 0. The odds that a cow with severe disease would die or be culled were 3.6 times the odds for a cow with moderate disease and 11.2 times the odds for a cow with mild disease. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that a classification scheme based on readily observable systemic disease signs can be used to classify disease severity in cows with acute coliform mastitis.     

COMPARISON OF UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL RADIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS TO HISTOPATHOLOGIC OBSERVATIONS: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF 41 DOGS AND CATS WITH SUSPECTED SMALL BOWEL INFILTRATIVE DISEASE (1985 to 1990)

It was the intent of this study to define which, if any, radiographic observations corresponded with specific causes of diffuse infiltrative small bowel disease and if radiographic findings could differentiate inflammatory disease from neoplastic disease and either of them from normal. Bowel spasticity, luminal narrowing, and thumbprinting tend to indicate the presence of tumor more often than inflammatory disease. Increased bowel gas in cats and barium adhesion in dogs and cats suggest that a component of enteritis is present. Decreased bowel gas in dogs is more often associated with obstructive disease, but is not helpful in differentiating diffuse inflammatory disease from diffuse neoplastic disease. While several observations that can foster differentiation of neoplastic from inflammatory disease were found, this study also indicated that the UGI lacks a high degree of predictive value other than to indicate the presence of infiltrative small bowel disease.     

Annual disease incidence in Colorado cow-calf herds participating in rounds 2 and 3 of the National Animal Health Monitoring System from 1986 to 1988

Thirty-nine and 47 randomly selected Colorado cow-calf operations participated in the National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) during rounds 2 (October 1986 to September 1987) and 3 (October 1987 to September 1988), respectively. Data on the incidence of disease conditions within each herd were collected by federal and state Veterinary Medical Officers and university veterinarians through monthly visits to the ranches. Annual disease incidence for disease classes and the most frequently reported individual disease conditions were determined and expressed on a per 100 cow basis. The mean annual disease incidences for all diseases in these herds were 48.8 and 47.7 new cases per 100 cows for rounds 2 and 3, respectively. The ranges for herd annual disease incidence were wide in both study years. The enteric disease class had the highest mean annual disease incidence in both years of the study, and this was primarily because of diarrhea of unknown cause in calves. Diarrhea of unknown cause accounted for approximately 25% of all new disease cases in both rounds of the study. The mean annual disease incidences were not different for any disease class between the two rounds. The data indicate that, on the average, diarrhea of unknown cause, pneumonia, dystocia, foot rot (interdigital necrobacillosis), pinkeye (infectious keratoconjunctivitis), respiratory tract infection, death of unknown cause, and nonpregnancy had the highest incidences in these Colorado beef herds during the study period. However, because of the wide variation of the predominant disease problems between herds, a herd's disease history as well as the common disease problems in the geographic area of a herd must be considered in designing a herd health program.     

兔病毒性出血症研究进展

兔病毒性出血症俗称"兔瘟",是由兔病毒性出血症病毒引起的一种急性,致死性传染病,对易感兔致病率可达90％,病死率可高达100％。文章对兔病毒性出血症的病原学、流行病学、临床症状、病理变化、诊断和防制研究进展作了系统深入综述,并提出了存在的问题和展望。     

张掖市创建养殖场无疫小区的思路与对策

畜牧业是张掖市的支柱产业,面对当前动物疫病防控形势依然严峻的现状,创建无疫小区是保障畜牧业持续稳定发展的必由之路,我市的规模养殖比重达较大,创建无疫小区的基础好,通过认真分析我市养殖现状和动物疫病防控形势后,针对创建养殖场无疫小区提出了出台扶持政策、加强宣传引导和落实管控措施的思路与对策,为我市创建无疫小区和无疫区,更好地做好动物疫病防控工作,保持畜牧业增收势头更强劲提出可供参考的建议。     

Swine vesicular disease: an overview

Swine vesicular disease (SVD) is a notifiable viral disease of pigs included on the Office International des Epizooties List A. The first outbreak of the disease was recognized in Italy in 1966. Subsequently, the disease has been reported in many European and Asian countries. The causative agent of the disease is SVD virus which is currently classified as a porcine variant of human coxsackievirus B5 and a member of the genus enterovirus in the family picornaviridae. From a clinical point of view, SVD is relatively unimportant, rarely causing deaths and usually only a minor setback to finishing schedules. However, the clinical signs which it produces are indistinguishable from those caused by foot-and-mouth disease, and its presence prevents international trade in pigs and pig products. This article reviews recent findings on all aspects of the virus and the disease which it causes.     

犬牙周病的临床研究进展

牙周病(periodontal disease, PD)是由细菌在牙齿表面聚集形成的牙菌斑和牙结石逐渐侵蚀牙周组织,引发周围组织炎症的一类疾病。根据疾病的发展进程,可分为齿龈炎与牙周炎2个阶段。在小动物临床疾病中牙周病尤为常见,世界范围内约有80%的成年犬患有该病。由于饲主对于犬的口腔保健意识薄弱且该疾病隐秘性较高,患犬就诊时往往已出现牙周支持组织不可逆的损伤,细菌及其毒力因子通过血液循环进入全身从而引发系统性疾病的风险大大提高。但目前犬牙周病的核心致病菌属、菌群失调的原因与发病机制尚不明确。因此,笔者基于高通量测序方法的病原学研究结果,分析与疾病发展相关的微生物群。同时,整合目前世界通用的最新犬牙周病临床诊断分级标准及犬牙周病的中西医防治方案,分析犬牙周病与全身系统性疾病之间的相关性,系统综述犬牙周病在国内外小动物临床领域的研究进展,以期为该类疾病的临床诊疗提供理论参考,推进兽医师在临床实践中更高效地开展该类疾病的诊疗工作,并为犬牙周病相关的临床研究提供思路。     

牛结节性皮肤病诊断及防控

牛结节性皮肤病是一种急性、亚急性传染性疾病。由于养殖户不科学地引种行为,造成该类疾病从其他国家引入本地区。牛结节性皮肤病又被称为牛结节疹、牛结节性皮炎或者牛疙瘩皮肤病,是由结节性皮肤病毒引发的一种急性亚急性传染性疾病。该类疾病被世界动物卫生组织规定为必须通报的疾病,我国将其划归为一类重大动物疫病。牛结节性皮肤病首先发生于新疆地区,随后由于不科学的运输和引种造成该类疾病,呈现逐渐扩大蔓延的趋势,带来的损失十分严重。需要掌握牛结节性皮肤病的具体流行特点、临床表现,做到及时发现及时处置,控制疫情的传播蔓延,确保我国牛养殖安全。该文主要论述牛结节性普皮肤病的诊断和防控。     

Glomerular disease

Glomerular diseases are a leading cause of chronic kidney disease in dogs but seem to be less common in cats. Glomerular diseases are diverse, and a renal biopsy is needed to determine the specific glomerular disease that is present in any animal. Familial glomerulopathies occur in many breeds of dogs. However, most dogs with glomerular disease have acquired glomerular injury that is either immune-complex mediated or due to systemic factors, both of which are believed to be the result of a disease process elsewhere in the body (i.e., neoplastic, infectious, and noninfectious inflammatory disorders). A thorough clinical evaluation is indicated in all dogs suspected of having glomerular disease and should include an extensive evaluation for potential predisposing disorders. Nonspecific management of dogs with glomerular disease can be divided into 3 major categories: (1) treatment of potential predisposing disorders, (2) management of proteinuria, and (3) management of uremia and other complications of glomerular disease and chronic kidney disease. Specific management of specific glomerular diseases has not been fully studied in dogs. However, it may be reasonable to consider immunosuppressive therapy in dogs that have developed a form of glomerulonephritis secondary to a steroid-responsive disease (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus) or have immune-mediated lesions that have been documented in renal biopsy specimens. Appropriate patient monitoring during therapy is important for maximizing patient care. The prognosis for dogs and cats with glomerular disease is variable and probably dependent on a combination of factors. The purpose of this article is to discuss the general diagnosis and management of dogs with glomerular disease.     

A neurological syndrome in a free-living population of possums (Trichosurus vulpecula)

AIMS: To determine the clinical and pathological features of a neurological disease syndrome in a free-living possum population in New Zealand and to compare this syndrome with wobbly possum disease. METHODS: An outbreak of a neurological disease in possums in the Rotorua district was investigated in 1994. A variety of tissues was collected and investigated microbiologically and histopathologically. Tissues stored from clinically affected possums were homogenised, clarified and inoculated into healthy possums by the intra-peritoneal route. The clinical signs and histopathological lesions in naturally-infected and in experimentally-inoculated possums were assessed and compared with those of possums affected with wobbly possum disease. RESULTS: Histopathological investigation of three of the naturally-affected possums revealed non-suppurative encephalitis with perivascular cuffing, diffuse non-suppurative meningitis and focal non-suppurative myocarditis. These lesions were suggestive of a viral infection. No pathogenic bacteria were recovered and no viruses were isolated in tissue culture. A neurological disease, indistinguishable from wobbly possum disease, was reproduced in five out of the eight experimentally inoculated possums. In two experimental cases the clinical signs were very mild and, in most cases of the natural and experimental disease, histopathological lesions in the central nervous system were mild in comparison with wobbly possum disease. Possums which did not develop clinical signs of neurological disease or have lesions in the central nervous system did have infiltrations of mononuclear inflammatory cells in the liver and kidney. CONCLUSIONS: This neurological disease, reported for the first time in a free-living population, closely resembles and may be the same as wobbly possum disease. The milder nature of this disease could suggest there may be more than one strain of the aetiological agent.