贵州省开阳县森林可持续经营模式探讨

阐明森林可持续经营的必要性和意义,选择贵州省开阳县森林面积比重最大的马尾松、杉木、青冈及白栎(麻栎)、针阔混交水源涵养林等4类森林建立试验示范区.在4大试验示范区内,提出了9种可持续集约经营模式进行试验,提出的经营模式力求在生产中具有可操作性,以期对当地的森林资源管理工作提供帮助.     

古丈县森林可持续经营模式发展探讨

以古丈县当前开展的中德合作湖南森林可持续经营项目为例,结合国内外当前森林可持续经营模式研究现状,分析了古丈县森林可持续经营模式发展存在的主要问题,提出了适合古丈县森林可持续发展的理念和模式.     

贵阳市森林可持续经营模式探讨

本文根据贵阳市森林资源现状,通过应用森林可持续经营和近自然林经营的理念,对森林的经营模式进行分析探讨,旨在为贵阳市进行森林可持续经营工作提供参考。     

用澳洲模式推进森林的可持续经营

本文介绍了澳大利亚、新西兰两国实施森林可持续经营的主要做法，从理念、立法、政策、管理等方面对我国如何推进森林可持续经营提出了对策、建议。     

内蒙古大兴安岭森林可持续经营模式的探讨

文章根据世界林业经营模式发展的趋势及内蒙古大兴安岭林区现状特点 ,对内蒙古大兴安岭林区森林可持续经营模式进行了初步探讨。     

森林多功能经营模式

森林是孕育生命最原始基础,在其满足人们日益增长的物质文化需求的同时又发挥多重效益与功能。阐述森林在自然演替与人为活动目的下的可持续经营过程,发展和经营中必然产生的重复规律,提出森林的多功能经营模式,以更好发挥森林的生态、经济、社会和文化等多种功能以作参考。     

奥地利森林经营模式

奥地利森林经营模式尚静敏（吉林省林业厅）经国家外专局批准,林业部组织的中国林业分类经营培训团赴奥地利进行考察,我有幸随同前往。通过考察学习,我深深地感到奥地利不愧为世界林业比较发达的国家之一,经营思想,经营目标,经营手段都值得我们学习。借鉴奥地利的林...     

国际森林和林产品认证的现状和展望

近十几年来,随着森林可持续经营的发展,世界森林和林产品认证体系相继建立,世界自然基金会等国际组织和许多国家成立了森林和林产品认证机构,并逐步开展了森林和林产品的认证工作.我国的森林认证工作起步较晚,但在国家林业局的大力支持下,发展较快.文中介绍了国际森林和林产品认证的作用、现状及展望.     

An economic model of international wood supply,forest stock and forest area change

Abstract

Wood supply, the link between roundwood removals and forest resources, is an important component of forest sector models. This paper develops a model of international wood supply within the structure of the spatial equilibrium Global Forest Products Model. The wood supply model determines, for each country, the annual forest harvest, the annual change of forest stock and the annual change of forest area. The results suggest that global forest area would decline by 477 million ha between 1999 and 2030, with the largest decline in Asia and Africa. However, global forest stock would increase by 25 billion?m³, with the largest increase in Europe, and North and Central America. Higher global harvests and lower prices were predicted than those predicted in the past with exogenous timber supply assumptions.     

森林复杂巨系统中的自组织动力学特征分析

针对森林复杂巨系统所具有的非线性特性 ,运用沙堆模型分析了其中所存在的复杂自组织特征 ,揭示了森林复杂巨系统中必然存在的自组织动力学现象 ,并说明了自组织临界理论是研究大型相互作用森林复杂巨系统的一类有效方法     

利用根癌农杆菌转化木本植物的研究进展

本文着重论述了近年来国内外利用根癌农杆菌介导法转化林木的研究进展。简述了获得转基因林木的应用现状,并将国内外林木转基因工作给以概括,提出了转化过程中存在的问题,并对这一转化方法的应用前景进行了展望。     

货币贬值对森工产品国际收支影响浅析

本文通过马歇尔——勒拿条件和J曲线效应分析了贬值对森工产品国际收支的影响。     

通道县建设森林公园的优势与对策

通道县拥有着极为丰富的动物、植物资源,并集中了亚热带典型常绿阔叶林、丹霞地貌区森林和高海拔山地矮林于一体,是一个宝贵的珍稀濒危动植物基因库,自然景观资源、人文景观资源丰富,且有着较高的典型度、多样度和吸引度。本文就通道县建设森林公园的优势,建设森林公园存在问题,建设森林公园的对策进行探讨。     

Discourse as ideology: Neoliberalism and the limits of international forest policy

The term ‘discourse’ can have different applications in the social and policy sciences to refer variously to generalised ideas, beliefs and assertions. In particular there is a clear difference between discourse as knowledge and discourse as ideology. Epistemically the two are very different, with each making different types of claim. The paper examines the influence of an ideological discourse on international forest policy, namely neoliberalism. A variant of classical liberalism, neoliberalism emphasises an increased role for markets, an enhanced role for the private sector and voluntary regulation. It is argued that all three of these principles have systemically penetrated the international soft law on forests that has been negotiated since 1992 and up and including the 2007 Non-Legally Binding Instrument on all Types of Forests. Neoliberal policies also underpin forest certification schemes and the tradeable emission permits systems adopted under the Kyoto Protocol and the European Union's Emissions Trading Scheme. Adopting a Foucauldian approach the paper views the construction of neoliberal discourse and its reiteration in the forests issue area as an expression of power that establishes the limits of international forest policy, tending towards certain policies and inhibiting the selection of others. It is argued that contrary to what is often asserted, neoliberalism depends on a strong state, one that introduces market-based disciplines to new areas and creates political space that can be occupied by private sector businesses.     

国外林火科学实验室简介及研究动态

为了适应现代林火管理的需要,降低森林火灾经济损失额度,提高森林生态环境的整体功效,世界上许多国家都非常重视对本国林火管理工作的科学研究投入,相继建立了一批国家级或区域性的林火科学实验室。这些实验室的宗旨是广泛开展林火科学的基础性和应用性研究,以满足林火管理者日益增长的对控制和利用火的技术需要。1林火科学实验室简介林火科学实验室一般包括有计算机研究室、化学分析研究室、遥感应用研究室、林火天气研究室、林火行为研究室、林火扑救与探测研究室、计划火烧研究室以及燃烧实验室等。在林火科学实验室中燃烧实验室是从事林…     

基于随机森林模型的天然林立地生产力预测研究

从汪清林业局大荒沟林场、大柞树林场等11个林场的森林资源二类调查数据中选取优势树种为蒙古栎、阔叶混交林及针阔混交林的小班。以海拔、土层厚度、坡位、坡向、腐殖质层厚度、坡度6个立地因子以及年平均气温、月平均气温差等19个气候因子为输入变量,以树种年平均蓄积生长量为输出变量,应用随机森林回归算法分别建立蒙古栎、阔叶混交林及针阔混交林的立地质量评价模型,对不同立地条件下的造林地进行生产潜力预测。同时,分析了各环境因子对树种生长的影响权重。结果表明:1)所建立的3种回归模型的RMSE的值分别为:0.22、0.54、0.52,R^2值分别为:0.79、0.79、0.72,模型的拟合效果较为理想。2)研究区域内,对蒙古栎生长影响较大的因子依次为月平均气温差、温度季节性变化、坡度、年降水量、年平均气温差;对针阔混交林生长影响较大的因子依次为:坡度、腐殖质层厚度、月平均气温差、最湿季度降水量、最暖季度降水量;对阔叶混交林生长影响较大的因子依次为:坡度、坡位、坡向、温度季节性变化、最干旱季平均气温。3)通过对比同一立地3种类型的生产力,针阔混交林、阔叶混交林的年平均蓄积生长量均高于蒙古栎纯林,针阔混交林略高于阔叶混交林。4)因此,应客观考虑环境因子对于林木的影响程度,使其生长环境条件尽可能地处于最佳组合状态。     

森林失火救援模型的建立与探讨

根据林火蔓延的椭圆模型,建立了森林失火后救援方案的数学模型,按求解结果合理派遣灭火人员,以降低损失和总体费用,为推动林火救援工作从定性到定量化的研究方向发展及实现计算机模拟提供依据。     

An assessment of gains and losses from international trade in the forest sector

The importance of international trade for the welfare of actors in the forest sector was estimated by comparing the current state of the world with a world in pure autarky with zero imports and exports of roundwood and manufactured wood products. The analysis was done with a comparative statics application of the Global Forest Products Model. The model was first calibrated to replicate observations in the base year 2013, and then solved under autarky conditions. The results showed much variation in the effects of international trade on production, consumption, and prices across countries and sub sectors. Globally international trade did have a positive effect on the economic welfare of the sector. This was due mostly to the positive effect on the surplus of consumers, and to a lesser extent on the increase in value added in forest industries. But value added profited manufacturers in developed countries much more than in developing. Furthermore, while wood producers in developed countries increased their profits with trade, those in developing countries incurred heavy losses that negated any incentive to invest in forest conservation, management and new plantations.