Aluminum-26 and beryllium-10 in marine sediment

Activities of aluminum-26 and beryllium-10 in marine sediment were measured at 0.01 +/- 0.13 and 4.4 +/- 0.9 disintegrations per minute, per kilogram dry weight, respectively. Only an upper limit of 0.03 could be determined for the ratio of aluminum-26 to beryllium-10 in the sediment. The ratio is probably explained by production by cosmic rays in the atmosphere.     

Aluminum-26 in pacific sediment: implications

Aluminum-26 has been detected in a sample of sediment from the South Pacific. The disintegration rate of 0.8 disintegration per minute per kilogram of dry sediment is considerably higher than that expected from cosmic-ray spallation of atmospheric argon; it appears to result mainly from accretion of activity induced in interplanetary dust by solar-flare particles. This finding is in keeping with Wasson's published estimates regarding the magnitude of this effect, and confirms the order-of-magnitude correctness of the solar-particle flux and terrestrial accretion rate of interplanetary dust used in that calculation.     

A new greenland deep ice core

The polar ice sheets are rich sources of information on past atmospheric conditions, including paleoclimates. A new deep ice core has been drilled in south Greenland. Comparison of the oxygen isotopic profile with that from camp Century and with a deep-sea foraminifera record indicates that the new core reaches back to about 90,000 years before present in a continuous sequence. The details in the Wisconsin part of the ice core records seem to be climatically, significant, and the general trends reveal all of the relevant Emiliani stages recorded in deep-sea cores. The redated Camp Century record suggests a dramatic termination of the Eem/Sangamon interglacial.     

Growth of greenland ice sheet: interpretation

An observed 0.23 m/year thickening of the Greenland ice sheet indicates a 25% to 45% excess ice accumulation over the amount required to balance the outward ice flow. The implied global sea-level depletion is 0.2 to 0.4 mm/year, depending on whether the thickening is only recent (5 to 10 years) or longer term (< 100 years). If there is a similar imbalance in the northern 60% of the ice-sheet area, the depletion is 0.35 to 0.7 mm/year. Increasing ice thickness suggests that the precipitation is higher than the long-term average; higher precipitation may be a characteristic of warmer climates in polar regions.     

North atlantic oscillation dynamics recorded in greenland ice cores

Carefully selected ice core data from Greenland can be used to reconstruct an annual proxy North Atlantic oscillation (NAO) index. This index for the past 350 years indicates that the NAO is an intermittent climate oscillation with temporally active (coherent) and passive (incoherent) phases. No indication for a single, persistent, multiannual NAO frequency is found. In active phases, most of the energy is located in the frequency band with periods less than about 15 years. In addition, variability on time scales of 80 to 90 years has been observed since the mid-19th century.     

Unusual radar echoes from the greenland ice sheet

Airborne radar images of part of the Greenland ice sheet reveal icy terrain whose radar properties are unique among radar-studied terrestrial surfaces but resemble those of Jupiter's icy Galilean satellites. The 5.6- and 24-centimeter-wavelength echoes from the Greenland percolation zone, like the 3.5- and 13-centimeter-wavelength echoes from the icy satellites, are extremely intense and have anomalous circular and linear polarization ratios. However, the detailed subsurface configurations of the Galilean satellite regoliths, where heterogeneities are the product of prolonged meteoroid bombardment, are unlikely to resemble that within the Greenland percolation zone, where heterogeneities are the product of seasonal melting and refreezing.     

Past temperatures directly from the greenland ice sheet

A Monte Carlo inverse method has been used on the temperature profiles measured down through the Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP) borehole, at the summit of the Greenland Ice Sheet, and the Dye 3 borehole 865 kilometers farther south. The result is a 50, 000-year-long temperature history at GRIP and a 7000-year history at Dye 3. The Last Glacial Maximum, the Climatic Optimum, the Medieval Warmth, the Little Ice Age, and a warm period at 1930 A.D. are resolved from the GRIP reconstruction with the amplitudes -23 kelvin, +2.5 kelvin, +1 kelvin, -1 kelvin, and +0.5 kelvin, respectively. The Dye 3 temperature is similar to the GRIP history but has an amplitude 1.5 times larger, indicating higher climatic variability there. The calculated terrestrial heat flow density from the GRIP inversion is 51.3 milliwatts per square meter.     

Elevation change of the southern greenland ice sheet

Seasat and Geosat satellite altimeter measurements for the Greenland ice sheet (south of 72 degreesN latitude) show that surface elevations above 2000 meters increased at an average rate of only 1. 5 +/- 0.5 centimeters per year from 1978 to 1988. In contrast, elevation changes varied regionally from -15 to +18 centimeters per year, seasonally by +/-15 centimeters, and interannually by +/-8 centimeters. The average growth rate is too small to determine if the Greenland ice sheet is undergoing a long-term change due to a warmer polar climate.     

Rapid thinning of parts of the southern greenland ice sheet

Aircraft laser-altimeter surveys over southern Greenland in 1993 and 1998 show three areas of thickening by more than 10 centimeters per year in the southern part of the region and large areas of thinning, particularly in the east. Above 2000 meters elevation the ice sheet is in balance but thinning predominates at lower elevations, with rates exceeding 1 meter per year on east coast outlet glaciers. These high thinning rates occur at different latitudes and at elevations up to 1500 meters, which suggests that they are caused by increased rates of creep thinning rather than by excessive melting. Taken as a whole, the surveyed region is in negative balance.     

Geomagnetic modulation of the 36Cl flux in the GRIP ice core, greenland

Geomagnetic field strength is expected to affect the production rate of cosmogenic isotopes such as beryllium-10, carbon-14, or chlorine-36. Chlorine-36 data from the Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP) ice core agree well with a production rate calculation based on a paleomagnetic reconstruction for the past 100,000 years over both long- and short-term variations. A chlorine-36 peak at 38,000 years ago previously found in the beryllium-10 record from the Vostok ice core can be explained by a period of low geomagnetic field intensity.     

Ice core evidence for extensive melting of the greenland ice sheet in the last interglacial

Evidence from ice at the bottom of ice cores from the Canadian Arctic Islands and Camp Century and Dye-3 in Greenland suggests that the Greenland ice sheet melted extensively or completely during the last interglacial period more than 100 ka (thousand years ago), in contrast to earlier interpretations. The presence of dirt particles in the basal ice has previously been thought to indicate that the base of the ice sheets had melted and that the evidence for the time of original growth of these ice masses had been destroyed. However, the particles most likely blew onto the ice when the dimensions of the ice caps and ice sheets were much smaller. Ice texture, gas content, and other evidence also suggest that the basal ice at each drill site is superimposed ice, a type of ice typical of the early growth stages of an ice cap or ice sheet. If the present-day ice masses began their growth during the last interglacial, the ice sheet from the earlier (Illinoian) glacial period must have competely or largely melted during the early part of the same interglacial period. If such melting did occur, the 6-meter higher-than-present sea level during the Sangamon cannot be attributed to disintegration of the West Antarctic ice sheet, as has been suggested.     

One thousand centuries of climatic record from cAMP century on the greenland ice sheet

A correlation of time with depth has been evaluated for the Camp Century, Greenland, 1390 meter deep ice core. Oxygen isotopes in approximately 1600 samples throughout the core have been analyzed. Long-term variations in the isotopic composition of the ice reflect the climatic changes during the past nearly 100,000 years. Climatic oscillations with periods of 120, 940, and 13,000 years are observed.     

Interglacial high sea levels and the control of greenland ice by the precession of the equinoxes

The precession of the equinoxes appears to control the occurrence of high sea levels by partial or even total melting of the Greenland ice cap during interglacial ages.     

Seven million years of glaciation in greenland

Glacial till, glaciomarine diamictites, and ice-rafted detritus found in marine cores collected off the shore of southeast Greenland record multiple Late Cenozoic glaciations beginning in the Late Miocene. Distinct rock assemblages and seismic stratigraphic control correlate the diamictites with glaciation of the southeast Greenland margin. Glaciers advanced to the sea during several intervals in the Pliocene and Pleistocene. North Atlantic glaciation may have nucleated in southern Greenland rather than further north because of the high mountains and the high levels of precipitation in this region.     

校园绿地景观的营造与配置——以福建农林大学校园绿地植物配置为例

以福建农林大学校园绿地植物现状与环境特点为背景，对校园绿地植物配置的方案进行了深入的分析、研究并提出进一步优化的建议。通过增加观花、观果植物的种植和组詈配置，丰富校园绿地景观，丰富与发展植物的多样性，营造出绚丽多彩的校园绿地景观。     

园林绿地中纯林、混交林的生态效益研究

该试验选择元大都城垣遗址公园西段4块不同结构类型的绿地为研究对象,即草坪、刺槐纯林、油松纯林、刺槐-油松混交林,进行了连续9d的测试.通过测定分析,得出不同植物群落结构类型的园林绿地在水平方向和垂直方向上温度、湿度的分布规律及差异.结果表明,在水平方向上,在3种天气条件下,油松纯林的日平均温度最低,相对湿度最高;在晴朗天气一天中的高温时段,草坪的温度最高,相对湿度最低;在晴朗天气高温时段2:00时,在水平方向上,刺槐-油松混交林的相对湿度比草坪高13·4%,温度比草坪低1·6℃.经SPSS方差分析,刺槐-油松混交林的降温增湿效果均达到显著水平(α=0·05).刺槐-油松混交林的降温增湿效果最好,草坪的降温增湿效果最差.在垂直方向上,混交林的温、湿度变化较为复杂.     

城市市区与郊区园林绿地昆虫群落的比较研究

以河北省保定市为例,对市区和郊区两种区域类型的昆虫群落组成和特征指数进行分析比较。结果表明:市区与郊区的物种数量、个体数量、多样性和均匀性等均有不同程度的变化;郊区的昆虫物种数量和个体数量多于市区,其多样性指数与均匀性指数也较市区高;市区昆虫群落在7月份物种数量最高,郊区昆虫群落物种数量最高时出现在9月份。     

海绵校园建设中不同绿地类型雨水蓄滞能力研究

为应对校园内每逢下雨便会产生的积水问题,以宝鸡文理学院东校区为例,用称重法测定不同植被条件下0～30 cm平均土壤含水率的变化,并分析不同绿地类型的分布特征,用SPSS 20.0等相关软件对测量数据进行统计分析。结果表明,平均土壤含水率表层(0～10 cm)亚表层(10～20 cm)20～30 cm土层;乔木林地雨后平均土壤含水率表现为银杏(Ginkgo biloba L.)雪松[Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G.Don]樱花树(Cerasus yedoensis)龙爪槐(Sophora japonica)柿子树(Diospyro skaki Thunb)红叶李(Prunus cerasifera);灌草地雨后平均土壤含水率表现为红叶石楠(Photinia×fraseri Dress)复层植被草坪金竹(Phyllostachys sulphurea)大叶黄杨(Euonymus japonicus Thunb)。疏林较密林更容易吸收降水量,乔木林地较灌草地含有高水分值,而草地较稠密灌木林地来说更易减少降水的流失。