基于轻量化深度学习Mobilenet-SSD网络模型的海珍品检测方法

为精确掌握水下海珍品养殖分布情况,摆脱传统上依赖人工潜水了解海珍品情况的方式,提出了一种基于轻量化深度学习的Mobilenet-SSD网络模型并用于海珍品检测,该方法对在渔船下方的水下摄像头所采集的海珍品图像实时进行目标快速检测.结果表明:采用本研究中建立的Mobilenet-SSD模型,在海胆、海参、扇贝等3种海珍品...     

Sea-level lowering during the illinoian glaciation: evidence from a bahama "blue hole"

Stalagmites have been recovered from 45 meters below sea level in an underwater karstic cave ("blue hole") near Andros Island in the Bahamas. Uranium series ages, corrected for contamination of the sample by young marine carbonate replacements, show that the speleothem was deposited between 160,000 and 139,000 years before the present. This period corresponds to the Illinoian glacial event and demonstrates that sea level must have been lowered by at least 42 meters (allowing for subsidence) from its present position during this time.     

广东省海洋牧场发展现状、问题与对策

采用文献查阅、海域实地调查相结合的方法,总结国内外海洋牧场的发展与现状,分析广东人工鱼礁、增殖放流和国家级海洋牧场示范区的建设历程,海洋牧场相关产业的发展现状和存在问题。广东建有50座生态型人工鱼礁区、3个大型人工鱼礁示范区、1个地方人工鱼礁区和15个国家级海洋牧场示范区,合计海域面积1 499.68 km²,建造投放礁体200.4万空m³。目前广东海洋牧场存在管理机制不完善、发展理念和认识不统一、用海海域权责不清、建设技术标准和规范缺乏、科技化程度低、产业化开发受限等问题。基于此,提出广东海洋牧场发展的对策：坚持生态优先,加强多部门统筹协作;创建有利于市场化运作的管理模式;突破海域权属问题;建立广东海洋牧场建设技术标准体系;加强广东海洋牧场建设的基础和关键共性技术研究;因地制宜建立广东海洋牧场产业化模式。了解广东海洋牧场的发展现状,借鉴国内外相关经验探究海洋牧场产业的发展对策,可为广东海洋牧场有效管理、高效可持续开发,以及实现广东海洋牧场三产融合发展提供参考。     

广东省海洋牧场发展现状、问题与对策

【目的】健全的农业保险体系对规避或分散农业经营风险、推动农业现代化发展起着重要作用, 探究农业保险与农业现代化之间的耦合协调以及灰色关联性,对加快实现农业高质量发展至关重要。【方法】 基于 2010—2019 年山东省农业保险与农业现代化的相关数据,运用耦合协调度模型,揭示两大体系之间的耦合 互动关系,并采用灰色关联法分析农业保险对农业现代化发展的影响。【结果】山东省农业保险和农业现代化 的综合发展指数均呈上升态势;农业保险与农业现代化的耦合协调程度由严重失调逐渐趋好到优质协调状态, 耦合度由 2010 年的 0.329 上升至 2019 年的 0.875,改善明显;农业保险体系各指标与农业现代化总体指标的灰 色关联度较高,均在 0.7 以上,其中农险保费收入在财产险保费收入的占比、农险保费收入深度以及农险保费收 入与农业现代化的关联性较高,是主要的影响因素。【结论】提出完善市场化的农业保险机制和提升服务管理 水平、加大农业保险宣传力度和扩大农险覆盖面、推动农业保险与农业现代化融合协调发展等对策建议。     

海洋立管气液两相流动模拟研究进展

随着海洋石油工业的发展,从20世纪70年代的浅海立管到21世纪的深海立管,海洋管道发展了多种新的形式,如悬链线立管、S形立管等。对于各种混输立管系统,严重段塞流等不稳定流动会造成设备损坏,严重影响安全生产。因此,实现立管流动的准确模拟,通过合理设计和科学运行控制、消除严重段塞流,具有重要意义。综述了国内外海洋混输立管流动模拟的研究成果,包括L形立管和柔性立管的实验研究、模型模拟及软件模拟的主要进展。指出了当前研究中存在的问题及未来的研究方向,可为进一步开展立管流动模拟研究提供参考。     

深远海养殖装备技术研究现状与发展趋势

近海、滩涂和池塘养殖趋近饱和以及环境污染,制约了鱼类等海洋水产品产量和质量的进一步提高。因此,大力发展深远海养殖装备技术,推进机械化、自动化、智能化、抗风浪的养殖体系是蓝色农业未来发展的重要途径。本研究中综述了世界上深远海养殖装备技术的研究与应用现状,包括自动投饵、自动网衣清洗、鱼类起捕等技术的研究进展,通过对现有装备技术的对比、分析和归纳,提出了现阶段深远海装备技术发展存在的问题,并展望了今后发展的方向。     

Internal mixture of sea salt, silicates, and excess sulfate in marine aerosols

Individual aerosol particles from the remote marine atmosphere were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and electron microprobe analysis. A large fraction of the silicate mineral component of the aerosol was found to be internally mixed with sea-salt aerosol particles. This observation explains the unexpected similarity in the size distributions of silicates and sea salt that has been observed in remote marine aerosols. Reentrainment of dust particles previously deposited onto the sea surface and collision between aerosol particles can be excluded as possible source mechanisms for these internally mixed aerosols. The internal mixing could be produced by processes within clouds, including droplet coalescence. Cloud processes may also be responsible for the observed enrichment of excess (nonsea-salt) sulfate on sea-salt particles.     

Extending the sub-sea-floor biosphere

Sub-sea-floor sediments may contain two-thirds of Earth's total prokaryotic biomass. However, this has its basis in data extrapolation from ~500-meter to 4-kilometer depths, whereas the deepest documented prokaryotes are from only 842 meters. Here, we provide evidence for low concentrations of living prokaryotic cells in the deepest (1626 meters below the sea floor), oldest (111 million years old), and potentially hottest (~100 degrees C) marine sediments investigated. These Newfoundland margin sediments also have DNA sequences related to thermophilic and/or hyperthermophilic Archaea. These form two unique clusters within Pyrococcus and Thermococcus genera, suggesting unknown, uncultured groups are present in deep, hot, marine sediments (~54 degrees to 100 degrees C). Sequences of anaerobic methane-oxidizing Archaea were also present, suggesting a deep biosphere partly supported by methane. These findings demonstrate that the sub-sea-floor biosphere extends to at least 1600 meters below the sea floor and probably deeper, given an upper temperature limit for prokaryotic life of at least 113 degrees C and increasing thermogenic energy supply with depth.     

深层洞穴型油藏改建地下储气库的可行性

为了研究深层洞穴型油藏改建地下储气库的可行性,以洞穴型油藏地质特征为基础,通过MATLAB编程计算注入压力,分析深层洞穴型油藏改建地下储气库的可行性,推导建立库容预测数学模型,并通过物理模拟实验验证库容预测数学模型的可靠性。研究结果表明：洞穴型油藏改建为储气库具有一定的可行性,但对地面注入压力条件要求较高,地面注入压力上限为45MPa,日注气量为10×10^4m^3时最优;物理模拟实验可较好地模拟洞穴型油藏注气采油过程,并可形成储气库;实验库容大小与数学模型计算结果误差较小,所建库容计算模型具有一定的可靠性。（图7,参6）     

Uplifted marine terraces along the alpine fault, new zealand

Three types of evidence indicate that marine terraces are widespread in the Southern Alps of New Zealand. (i) Remnants of shore platforms occur as distinct levels of notched ridge crests and flat summits; degraded sea cliffs are common. (ii) Scattered quartz beach pebbles occur on 16 of 18 levels of exhumed shore platforms in the Fox- Franz Josef type area to altitudes as high as 1700 meters. (iii) Altitudinal spacings of New Zealand terrace flights allow correlation with 18 dated global marine terraces at New Guinea, which were formed during glacio-eustatic highstands of sea level within the last 336 x 10(3) years. Inferred uplift rates at Fox-Franz Josef increased from 3.2 to 7.8 meters per 10(3) years since about 135 x 10(3) to 140 x 10(3) years ago, presumably because of increased convergence between the Pacific and Australian plates.     

北部湾（广西海域）海洋微生物多样性研究现状与对策

【目的】为北部湾（广西海域）海洋微生物多样性后续研究提供参考,以利于海洋微生物资源的开发利用。【方法】对北部湾（广西海域）海洋微生物多样性研究现状进行总结,分析其存在的问题,并提出有针对性的对策建议。【结果】北部湾（广西海域）海洋微生物多样性研究起步较晚,主要集中在海洋共生微生物多样性、海洋沉积物微生物多样性、海洋微生物化学多样性、海洋微生物次生代谢产物抑菌和生物毒及抗肿瘤等方面。目前,存在经济建设与海洋生态环境建设矛盾突出、海洋外源污染物严重等问题。【建议】应拓展北部湾（广西海域）海洋微生物种质资源研究的广度和深度、探寻海洋微生物＂沉默＂基因的激活方法、构建北部湾（广西海域）海洋生态系统评估地理信息系统、进一步加快人类活动对海洋生态系统影响的研究步伐等,以实现北部湾（广西海域）海洋产业可持续健康发展。     

Seawater strontium isotopic variations from 2.5 million years ago to the present

Measurements of marine carbonate samples indicate that during the past 2.5 million years the (87)Sr/(86)Sr ratio of seawater has increased by 14 x 10(-5). The high average rate of increase of (87)Sr/(86)Sr indicates that continental weathering rates were exceptionally high. Nonuniformity in the rate of increase suggests that weathering rates fluctuated by as much as +/-30 percent of present-day values. Some of the observed shifts in weathering rates are contemporaneous with climatic changes inferred from records of oxygen isotopes and carbonate preservation in deep sea sediments.     

中国深海鱼类区系组成的研究

本文根据作者多年的调查研究，对所得栖息水深２００￣１１００ｍ的鱼类３５０种（包括５０余种我国新记录），结合有关文献资料增录１８２种，共整理出中国深海鱼类５３２种，就这些种类对中国深海鱼类的区系组成作出初步的研究，并对这些种类的优势种、地理分布、水深分布作了初步分析。     

Four climate cycles of recurring deep and surface water destabilizations on the Iberian margin

Centennial climate variability over the last ice age exhibits clear bipolar behavior. High-resolution analyses of marine sediment cores from the Iberian margin trace a number of associated changes simultaneously. Proxies of sea surface temperature and water mass distribution, as well as relative biomarker content, demonstrate that this typical north-south coupling was pervasive for the cold phases of climate during the past 420,000 years. Cold episodes after relatively warm and largely ice-free periods occurred when the predominance of deep water formation changed from northern to southern sources. These results reinforce the connection between rapid climate changes at Mediterranean latitudes and century-to-millennial variability in northern and southern polar regions.     

贵州荔波干细洞和拉梭洞陆生动物群落结构与环境因子的关系

贵州省荔波县岩溶洞穴多,洞穴动物丰富,具有重要的科研价值。在洞穴生态系统中,洞穴动物是重要的生物类群,为探讨洞穴动物群落结构及其与环境的关系。本研究对荔波的干细洞（未受人类干扰）和拉梭洞（已受人类干扰）的洞穴动物进行了调查,并比较了两个洞穴的动物群落结构特征,应用主成分（PCA）法分析了动物群落结构与环境因子的关系。结果表明：干细洞共获动物536号,计56种,拉梭洞共获动物363号,计23种。多样性指数、丰富度指数、均匀度指数、优势度指数最高的分别是干细洞有光带群落（2.748 6）、干细洞有光带群落（6.733 8）、干细洞黑暗带群落（0.841 9）、拉梭洞黑暗带群落（0.395 5）;群落多样性指数和丰富度指数均沿有光带、弱光带、黑暗带呈递减趋势。群落间相似性指数偏低,除了群落E-F（0.428 5）、群落C-F（0.272 7）处于中等不相似水平,其余群落之间均处于极不相似水平。PCA分析表明,影响干细洞动物群落结构的主导因子为土壤营养元素（Na、K）、土壤有机质、气温、空气湿度和土壤湿度,影响拉梭洞动物群落结构的主导因子为土壤营养元素（Na、K）、土壤有机质、空气湿度、CO₂含量和滴水pH。研究可为洞穴动物的保护、生态资源可持续发展提供科学依据。     

Cold-seep mollusks are older than the general marine mollusk fauna

The origin and possible antiquity of faunas at deep-sea hydrothermal vents and seeps have been debated since their discovery. We used the fossil record of seep mollusks to show that the living seep genera have significantly longer geologic ranges than the marine mollusks in general, but have ranges similar to those of deep-sea taxa, suggesting that seep faunas may be shaped by the factors that drive the evolution of life in the deep sea in general. Our data indicate that deep-sea anoxic/dysoxic events did not affect seep faunas, casting doubt on the suggested anoxic nature and/or global extent of these events.     

Deposit from a giant wave on the island of lanai, hawaii

Limestone-bearing gravel, the newly named Hulopoe Gravel, blankets the coastal slopes on Lanai. The deposit, which reaches a maximum altitude of 326 meters, formerly was believed to have been deposited along several different ancient marine strandlines, but dated submerged coral reefs and tide-gauge measurements indicate that the southeastern Hawaiian Islands sink so fast that former worldwide high stands of the sea now lie beneath local sea level. Evidence indicates that the Hulopoe Gravel and similar deposits on nearby islands were deposited during the Pleistocene by a giant wave generated by a submarine landslide on a sea scarp south of Lanai.     

辽宁海洋渔业可持续发展对策研究

在辽宁省的海洋经济中,海洋渔业是其重要的组成之一,促进海洋渔业的发展将对辽 宁省海洋经济的发展产生重要的推动作用。本文在强调海洋渔业的重要性基础上,从辽宁省海 洋渔业当前的发展现状入手,发现其海洋渔业的发展受到了很大的制约,主要是存在海域污染 严重、海域资源被过度利用、海洋经济体制存在缺陷以及渔业生产的安全隐患等方面的问题。 基于此,通过探索加强海域功能区监管、扩展养殖新道路、构建渔业发展新体系以及制定渔业发 展新政策等有效策略,使辽宁省海洋渔业的结构得到了优化调整,实现渔业生态平衡,进而推动 了渔业的可     

海绵共附生放线菌的分离鉴定与抑菌活性分析

为了探究海南海绵共附生放线菌资源的多样性及潜在的药用价值,采用 4 种分离培养基分离海南文昌海域海绵的共附生放线菌,利用 16S rRNA序列分析对分离的放线菌进行鉴定,采用滤纸片扩散法对分离放线菌的发酵产物进行抗菌活性分析。结果表明,从4种海绵中共获得50株放线菌,所分离菌株归属于5 个亚目、6个科和 7 个属,包括链霉菌属、小单孢菌属、红球菌属、糖多孢菌、栖白蚁菌属、分枝杆菌属和Krasilnikoviella属,其中Krasilnikoviella为首次从海绵中分离得到,4株海洋放线菌为潜在的新物种。抗菌活性测试显示48%的分离菌株呈现抗细菌活性,24%的分离菌株呈现抗植物丝状病原真菌活性。本研究结果初步揭示了海南文昌海域海绵共附生放线菌的可培养物种多样性及其发酵产物的抑菌活性。     

Isotopic evidence for glaciation during the Cretaceous supergreenhouse

The Turonian (93.5 to 89.3 million years ago) was one of the warmest periods of the Phanerozoic eon, with tropical sea surface temperatures over 35 degrees C. High-amplitude sea-level changes and positive delta18O excursions in marine limestones suggest that glaciation events may have punctuated this episode of extreme warmth. New delta18O data from the tropical Atlantic show synchronous shifts approximately 91.2 million years ago for both the surface and deep ocean that are consistent with an approximately 200,000-year period of glaciation, with ice sheets of about half the size of the modern Antarctic ice cap. Even the prevailing supergreenhouse climate was not a barrier to the formation of large ice sheets, calling into question the common assumption that the poles were always ice-free during past periods of intense global warming.