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1.
胡笑形 《新农药》2004,(3):39-39
Nufarm已经从巴斯夫获得苯氧除草剂的全球业务和3个巴斯夫谷物杀菌剂在德国和奥地利的5年专有销售许可。预计苯氧除草剂业务可使Nufarm2004财政年度的销售增加2800万欧元(3500万美元),而杀菌剂的销售可增加400—600万美元。  相似文献   

2.
杀虫剂和除草剂的植物修复研究进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
李海涛  叶非 《植物保护》2010,36(1):28-32
随着农药施用量的增加,农药污染土壤给生态环境造成了极大的危害,并引起了人们的普遍关注。传统的修复方法因其价格昂贵而不能普遍采用,植物修复是近年来兴起的一种利用植物积累、吸收、降解等去除土壤、水和沉积物中污染物的新方法。本文主要介绍了植物修复的机制和方式,对近年来杀虫剂和除草剂的植物修复研究进展进行综述,指出了植物修复的不足和今后的发展方向。  相似文献   

3.
为了筛选出用于移栽稻田一次性控制杂草为害的除草剂配方,并研究其应用技术条件,以达到减少稻田化除的用药量、施药次数、节省用工、减轻除草剂对环境污染等目的,1991年和1992年做了移栽稻田一次性除草剂筛选试验,现将其结果整理如下。一、材料与方法 (一) 配方筛选试验试验设12个处理(表1),随机区组排列,重复3次。小区面积为20米~2。药土法施药,每公顷用细润土300千克,带水撒施,药后保水5~7天;喷雾法施药为排水喷雾,每公顷用水量为  相似文献   

4.
除草剂生物筛选研究进展   总被引:20,自引:2,他引:20       下载免费PDF全文
生物筛选是除草剂研制开发的重要组成部分。综述了近年来除草剂生物筛选技术的发展概况,重点介绍了除草剂筛选新方法——高通量筛选技术,并指出我国在除草剂筛选方面存在的不足以及解决方案。  相似文献   

5.
除草剂和杀菌剂对褐飞虱及其天敌的影响   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
研究了7种除草剂和8种杀菌剂的常规浓度对稻田害虫褐飞虱及其捕食性天敌的杀伤作用。结果表明,扫弗特对褐飞虱,尖钩宽黾蝽,黑肩绿盲蝽成虫的杀伤作用显著,丁草胺除对褐飞虱成虫杀伤小外,对上述2种天敌的杀伤作用也大。快杀稗,乙草胺,苄磺隆,金秋,稻福星的杀伤作用不明显;异稻瘟净对褐飞虱2,3龄若虫,尖钩宽黾蝽,黑肩绿盲蝽成虫的杀伤作用显著;  相似文献   

6.
7.
防除水葫芦除草剂的筛选   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对8种除草剂筛选试验结果表明,克无踪对水葫芦表现速效,喷药后8 d叶枯萎率及株死亡率均达99%以上;飞达防除水葫芦的效果较缓慢,但在药后16 d叶枯萎率及株死亡率均达100%;2,4-D、草革和2甲4氯也均表现出良好的防效,防除水葫芦的效果介于克无踪和飞达之间;丁草胺和乙草胺的防除效果不明显,药后16 d叶枯萎率仅分别为9.3%和27.3%,株死亡率分别为0.3%和11.7%.  相似文献   

8.
夏玉米田除草剂筛选试验报告   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
近年来,除草剂的使用面积逐渐扩大,并广泛应用于各种作物田,以其省工省时、简单高效快速而深受欢迎。但在实际应用中也存在一些问题,比如一些除草剂杀草谱窄,残留量高。为确保河南洛阳地区夏玉米田除草剂的安全使用,我们进行了夏玉米田不同除草剂筛选试验。  相似文献   

9.
柑橘园常用杀菌剂和除草剂对巴氏钝绥螨的毒性测定   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
柑橘园释放巴氏钝绥螨后,柑橘真菌性和细菌性病害的防治仍不能放松,但施用什么杀菌剂才能既防治了病害而又不伤害巴氏钝绥螨?用什么样的除草剂防除橘园杂草对巴氏钝绥螨才安全?这些是推广应用巴氏钝绥螨防治柑橘害螨必须解决的问题。为此,2007年笔者选择赣州市柑橘园常用的9种杀菌剂和3种除草剂,在室温下进行了其对巴氏钝绥螨的毒性测定。现将测定结果报告如下。  相似文献   

10.
玉米病虫害是影响玉米产量和品质的重要因素。本研究选择2种杀虫剂(40%氯虫苯甲酰胺·噻虫嗪WG和100 g/L顺式氯氰菊酯EC)和4种杀菌剂(18.7%丙环唑·嘧菌酯SE、250 g/L吡唑醚菌酯EC、125 g/L氟环唑SE和17%吡唑醚菌酯·氟环唑SE),通过单独或组合在玉米心叶期(V12)一次性施药,并在药后7 d接种玉米弯孢菌,随后对各处理的防治效果和经济效益进行比较分析。基于施药成本、施药后的增产效益和玉米价格,采用贝叶斯推断统计方法计算净利润的概率。在盈利平衡点(纯利润为0),通过施药获得净利润的概率变幅在0.328~0.998之间;如果要获得1 500元/hm2的净利润,各施药处理概率的变幅为0.024~0.993,其中40%氯虫苯甲酰胺·噻虫嗪WG+18.7%丙环唑·嘧菌酯SE处理的盈利概率最高(0.986~0.993),其次18.7%丙环唑·嘧菌酯SE和40%氯虫苯甲酰胺·噻虫嗪WG+17%吡唑醚菌酯·氟环唑SE处理的盈利概率也超过0.947。本研究表明40%氯虫苯甲酰胺·噻虫嗪WG+18.7%丙环唑·嘧菌酯SE是防治当地玉米病虫害理想的杀虫剂杀菌剂施药组合。  相似文献   

11.
    
This paper describes the recent progress of in vivo biological screening for pesticides in China. According to the criteria, including the severity of damage caused by pests and the economic value of the crops, the investigated insects, pathogens, herbs and other species in the agricultural field were selected as the main screening targets for pesticides. Corresponding in vivo microscreening methods have been established and applied in the pesticide screening procedure, which has higher reproducibility, a shorter time and greater efficiency that offset the drawbacks of conventional methods for pesticide screening. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

12.
本研究建立了分散固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测大豆中灭草松、三氟羧草醚、氯虫苯甲酰胺、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、吡唑醚菌酯、精喹禾灵及其代谢物喹禾灵酸的多残留分析方法,为监测大豆生产中的农药应用风险提供方法。该方法具有简单、快捷、准确、灵敏度高的特点。样品经1%甲酸-乙腈振荡提取后,分散固相萃取净化,流动相为甲酸铵-水溶液(含0.01% 甲酸)和甲酸铵-甲醇溶液(含0.01% 甲酸),采用苯基色谱柱进行分离,基质匹配标准曲线外标法定量分析。结果表明:目标农药及代谢物在0.001~1 mg/kg添加水平下平均回收率为78.1%~116.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.6%~20.5%,该方法在0.001~1 mg/kg范围内线性良好(R2≥0.991 1),定量限(LOQ)可达0.001 mg/kg。基于此方法对内蒙古产区的大豆样品进行测定,发现大豆中灭草松、氯虫苯甲酰胺、吡唑醚菌酯有检出,残留量在<0.001~0.024 mg/kg之间,喹禾灵酸、三氟羧草醚、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐残留量均<0.002 mg/kg。采集的大豆样品中6种目标农药残留量均符合我国农药最大残留限量标准安全要求。  相似文献   

13.
    
The element sulfur has an outstanding role in the crop protection chemistry because it is used in its elemental form as a multisite fungicide, but is also part of agrochemicals in the form of aromatic or aliphatic sulfur-containing rings or sulfur-based functional groups. This review gives an exhaustive overview over the latter category. Several fundamental agrochemical compound classes are named after a sulfur-based functionality, such as the dithiocarbamate fungicides and sulfonylurea herbicides. Altogether, 16 different sulfur-based functional groups are presented with their typical synthesis approaches and most important representatives in crop protection. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.  相似文献   

14.
  总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
Many compounds derived from living organisms have found a use in crop protection. These compounds have formed the basis of chemical synthesis programmes to derive new chemical products; they have been used to identify new biochemical modes of action that can be exploited by industry-led discovery programmes; some have been used as starting materials for semi-synthetic derivatives; and many have been used or continue to be used directly as crop protection agents. This review examines only those compounds derived from living organisms that are currently used as pesticides. Plant growth regulators and semiochemicals have been excluded from the review, as have living organisms that exert their effects by the production of biologically active secondary metabolites.  相似文献   

15.
    
Being one of the most abundant and species‐rich groups of natural enemies occurring in all agroecosystems, spiders are variably affected by pesticide applications. Here, a review is given of research on spider ecotoxicology. More than 40 species of spiders and almost 130 pesticides (acaricides, insecticides, fungicides and herbicides) have been tested so far in the field or under laboratory conditions. Field studies show that the degree of population reduction following pesticide application is a function of a number of factors inherent to pesticides, crops and spider species (guilds). These studies also revealed indirect effects via habitat and prey disruption. Among laboratory studies, a number of papers have investigated only the direct lethal effect. A meta‐analysis of these data reveals that spiders are mainly affected by acaricides and insecticides, particularly neurotoxic substances. Currently, ecotoxicological research on spiders is focused more on direct sublethal effects on a variety of behavioural traits (locomotion, predation, web‐building, reproduction, development) and physiology. Yet a standardised approach to the evaluation of sublethal effects is lacking. A few studies have provided some evidence for hormesis in spiders. Future research should be more concentrated on sublethal effects and the estimation of long‐term changes in spider populations as a result of pesticide treatment. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

16.
This paper discusses the experience of turfgrass advisory agronomists and research workers at the Sports Turf Research Institute—a long-established and independent organisation devoted purely to research and advice pertaining to turfgrasses and their culture. In the assessment of customer needs and market opportunities, strenuous efforts have been made to establish recent and current trends relating to pesticide sales, either from manufacturers and/or distributors. Because manufacturers were reluctant to divulge information about products, and distributors apparently had no access to such information, the only available data on pesticide use and sales are in the British Agrochemicals Association via their 1995 Annual Review and Handbook.  相似文献   

17.
    
After feeding 2,4-D or atrazine in a diet to southern armyworm (Spodoptera eridania Cram.) larvae for three days, the effect on total content and activities of cytochrome P450 and on insecticide toxicity were determined. Both 2,4-D and atrazine induced cytochrome P450-catalyzed aldrin epoxidation (AE) and methoxyresorufin O-demethylatin (MROD). The 2,4-D was a more potent inducer for total cytochrome P450 content, whereas atrazine disproportionately increased AE. Both compounds increased MROD significantly. The apparent kinetic characteristics of AE indicates that 2,4-D and atrazine induced similar P450 isozymes (Km 8.78 and 7.80 μM, respectively), which may differ from the constitutive isozyme (Km 3.14 μM). The 2,4-D-induced cytochrome P450 contributed to decreased carbaryl and permethrin toxicity, whereas the atrazine-induced cytochrome P450 caused decreased parathion and permethrin toxicity. The carbaryl toxicity correlated directly with 2,4-D-induced total P450 content and activities but not with atrazine-induced changes. The 2,4-D and atrazine also induced nonspecific esterase activity which may contribute to permethrin detoxification.  相似文献   

18.
病虫草害是大豆Glycine max生产安全和品质安全的重要威胁,科学合理地使用农药是减少病虫草害发生与危害、提高大豆产量与品质的重要技术手段。截至2023年12月31日,我国已登记用于大豆病虫草害防控的农药产品共1 529个,其中除草剂1 366个、杀菌剂74个、杀虫剂(含杀线虫剂)106个和植物生长调节剂19个。该文对我国大豆农药产品研发和应用现状进行整理分析,发现存在主要防控对象缺乏药剂、现有农药产品同质化严重并有抗药性风险和药害隐患,以及农药先进剂型与技术应用滞后等问题,并从补充扩大登记产品种类、发掘新药剂有效成分、增加先进剂型应用、延缓现有药剂抗药性等方面进行了展望,以期为我国大豆农药产品的研发和应用提供参考。  相似文献   

19.
Phomopsis amaranthicola, a bioherbicide agent for Amaranthus spp., was tested in vitro for its compatibility with commercial formulations of 16 adjuvants, 24 herbicides, nine fungicides and four insecticides at 2X, 1X (highest labelled product dose rate), 0.75X, 0.5X and 0.25X concentrations. These chemicals were tested for their effects on spore germination. Selected herbicides and fungicides at 1X were also tested for their influence on colony growth and sporulation. All tested compounds were finally categorized in compatibility classes regarding germination, mycelial growth and sporulation such as low, medium and high compatibility. High compatibility in terms of germination and fungal colony growth was only observed with the herbicide bentazone. Many of the adjuvants tested were highly compatible in the germination studies. Most fungicides and insecticides had medium and low compatibility with P. amaranthicola. Effects of pesticides on spore germination did not fully correspond with their effects on colony growth. Thus, it is possible to integrate the use of P. amaranthicola with some herbicides, fungicides, insecticides and adjuvants but not others. A case‐by‐case selection of application methods, such as tank‐mix or sequential application, along with proper timing of applications of the fungus and the chemical agents will be necessary.  相似文献   

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