人工草场牧草混播方案(综述)

<正> 世界农业科学家,经过20多年的研究,对草地翻耕、土壤改良、施肥、灌溉和人工草场牧草混播方案进行了全面研究,积累丰富的经验,取得了良好的效果,现将人工草场牧草混播方案叙述如下,供草原、畜牧科技人员参考。 1.森林草原区在森林草原区建立人工草场通常采用以下的牧草混播方案为     

大坡度山前人工草场灌溉工程及效益研究

在大坡度山前天然草场上进行了人工草场灌溉工程的研究，其实例是新疆昭苏县秦力松人工灌溉草场，建成后牧草连年获得高产，取得了明显的经济效益和生态效益。     

南方山地人工草场的草害

<正> 前言改良的禾豆混播人工草场,常常含有不需要的植物种类,这主要是指那些与优良栽培牧草竞争的没有多大利用价值的阔叶野草类及灌丛。有些恶性野草侵占地盘,降低了人工草场的生产能力导致人工草场的退化。在管理良好的人工草场上,混播的禾本科牧草与豆科牧草会长成厚密的草层而抑制野草,相反,如果管理不善,栽培牧草生长瘦弱,就会失去竞争能     

多年生牧草人工草场经济效益浅析

论述了人工草场的经济效益,提出了建立人工草场的合理方案.     

多年生牧草人工草场经济效益浅析

:论述了人工草场的经济效益 ,提出了建立人工草场的合理方案     

干旱硬梁区柠条密植草场营建模式研究——以斯日古楞密植柠条为例

文章以斯日古楞密植柠条草场为例,着重论述干旱硬梁区人工灌丛草场的建设目的、建设要点、经营利用方式,深入分析了人工灌丛草场的生态、经济、社会效益,总结人工灌丛草场模式特点,并提出人工灌丛草场的推广及应用前景。     

浅谈建设“三高”草场的方向与途径

建立高产、高值、高效人工草地,是现代畜牧业商品经济发展的客观要求。人类要想继续不断地从草原上得到更多、更好的肉、奶、毛、皮、骨、血、蛋等畜产品,就必须研究植物性生产与动物性生产的规律性,处理好牧草与牧畜的关系。根据目前草场退化现状和牧业生产实践,我们认为建设高产、高值、高效草场的方向和途径就是:在完善草场承包责任制的基础上,采取集约化经营方式,应用先进的技术措施进行科学管理、建设和利用,提高单位面积牧草产量和畜产品产量,创建高产量、高营养、高效益的人工草场或半人工草场。具体     

固原市草场资源合理利用与牧业经营地域类型

按固原市草场分布与利用、牧业经营方式划分为天然草场连片分布的、连片退耕有大面积人工草地的和既无天然草场又无大片退耕种草的三种地域类型,根据各地域类型的草场特点、分布、面积比例,分别提出草场合理利用和畜牧业经营改革的建议。     

固原市草场资源合理利用与牧业经营地域类型

按固原市草场分布与利用、牧业经营方式划分为天然草场连片分布的、连片退耕有大面积人工草地的和既无天然草场又无大片退耕种草的三种地域类型，根据各地域类型的草场特点、分布、面积比例，分别提出草场合理利用和畜牧业经营改革的建议。     

草场生态保护技术初探

通过开草场改良、人工种草和封山禁牧等技术措施,达到恢复草场植被,防止和减少水土流失,改善草场生态环境,实现退耕、退牧还草的目的。结果表明永寿县草场生态保护技术的推广实施培养和造就了一支专业技术素质过硬的人才队伍,形成了一套完整的牧草种植开发、草场生态保护等方面的技术方案,促进了舍饲养畜技术的全面推广、实现了封山禁牧,提高了草场植被覆盖度,改善了草场及周围生态环境,为牧草综合加工利用找到了新途径,使全县农、林、牧全面协调发展,经济效益、社会效益和生态效益全面体现。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.