植康素对断奶仔猪生长性能及免疫性能的影响

本试验旨在研究植康素对断奶仔猪生长性能及免疫性能的影响.试验选择日龄相同、体重相近的健康新美系21日龄长大二元杂种断奶仔猪60头(公母各半),随机分为植康素组与对照组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪.对照组饲喂保育基础饲粮,植康素组在基础饲粮的基础上添加0.04％的植康素,试验期35 d,其中预试期5d,正试期30 d.试验结果表明,添加植康素的试验组中的血清IgG比对照组显著提高15.20％(P＜0.05)、γ-干扰素含量比对照组显著提高17.31％(P＜0.05)；与对照组相比,植康素组腹泻频率与发病频率也有所下降.从而可以得出对保育猪添加植康素进行饲养能提高其免疫性能的结论.     

酵母硒对断奶仔猪生长性能和养分消化率的影响

为研究酵母硒对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分消化率、血清抗氧化指标和粪便微生物的影响,试验选择21日龄、体重(6.50依0.2)kg的150头健康杜长大三元杂种断奶仔猪,按体重相近、公母各半的原则,随机分为3组:对照组饲喂基础饲粮;YS1组饲喂基础饲粮+0.3 g/t酵母硒;YS2组饲喂基础饲粮+0.6 g/t酵母硒。每组5个重复,每个重复10头断奶仔猪,预试期3 d,正式试验期28 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,酵母硒组显著降低了料重比(P<0.05);2)与对照组相比,酵母硒组显著提高了干物质和氮的表观消化率(P<0.05);3)与对照组相比,酵母硒组显著提高了血清总抗氧化力(P<0.05),而YS2组的血清超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。总之,试验结果表明,在本试验条件下,在断奶仔猪饲粮中添加0.3~0.6 g/t酵母硒提高了养分消化率和血清抗氧化力,降低了料重比。     

维生素A及蛋氨酸锌水平对断奶仔猪生长性能及部分血清抗氧化指标的影响

试验旨在研究添加不同水平维生素A (VA)与蛋氨酸锌(ZnMet)对断奶仔猪生长性能、部分血清抗氧化指标的影响。采用2因素3水平析因设计,选择81头28日龄断奶、体重为(7.94±0.62) kg的健康杜×长×大三元仔猪,按体重和性别随机分为9个处理组,每个处理3个重复,分别饲喂含不同剂量VA (0、3 000及6 000 IU/kg)和ZnMet (0、300及400 mg/kg)的日粮。试验预饲期7 d,试验期21 d。试验第0、7和14天逐头空腹称重,记录每日采食量并计算仔猪平均日增重(ADG)和料重比(F/G)。试验开始(35日龄)与结束(56日龄)时,每组随机抽取3头猪,早晨空腹采血,制备血清,测定血清抗氧化指标。结果显示:①与对照组相比,单独添加VA或ZnMet均能提高仔猪ADG (P < 0.05),但对F/G无显著影响 (P > 0.05);VA和ZnMet对仔猪ADG有互作效应,联合添加可以显著提高仔猪ADG (P < 0.05),但二者对F/G无互作效应。②与对照组相比,35日龄时,除单独添加300 mg/kg ZnMet组的GSH-Px活性无显著变化外,其他试验组的CuZn-SOD及GSH-Px活性水平均显著提高(P < 0.05);56日龄时,与对照组相比,单独添加ZnMet或VA均能显著提高仔猪血清CuZn-SOD活性水平(P < 0.05);同时添加VA与ZnMet能显著提高仔猪血清GSH-Px活性(P < 0.05),而单独添加VA或ZnMet虽能提高仔猪血清GSH-Px活性,但效果不显著(P > 0.05)。结果提示,日粮中单独添加VA、ZnMet或联合添加这两种营养素均能促进断奶仔猪生长,改善断奶仔猪抗氧化功能。     

玉木耳富硒培养物对断奶仔猪生长性能及抗氧化酶活性的影响

玉木耳富硒培养物是玉木耳菌种与麦麸等混合发酵后所得的富含多糖、有机硒等多种生物活性物质的饲料原料。试验旨在研究其对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道形态、结肠短链脂肪酸含量及抗氧化酶活性的影响。试验选用28日龄杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪108头,随机分为3个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复6头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮基础上添加1.5%和3.0%的玉木耳富硒培养物,采用自由饮食和饮水,试验期28 d。结果表明：3.0%玉木耳富硒培养物显著提高了1～14 d平均日增重（P<0.05）。1.5%试验组和3.0%试验组仔猪血清和肝脏中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著提高（P<0.05）。另外,3.0%试验组肝脏中硒含量极显著提高（P<0.05）,还有提高结肠中丁酸含量的趋势（P<0.10）。综上所述,玉木耳富硒培养物能在一定程度上提高仔猪生长性能及机体抗氧化水平。     

甘露寡糖对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫机能及抗氧化性能的影响

文章旨在研究甘露寡糖对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫机能及抗氧化性能的影响,本试验将160头健康的30日龄断奶仔猪随机分4组,每组5个重复,每个重复8头仔猪。对照组(CK)为基础日粮,试验组T1、T2、T3分别在基础日粮中添加0.1%、0.2%、0.4%甘露寡糖,试验为期28 d。试验结果表明,添加0.1%、0.2%和0.4%甘露寡糖的断奶仔猪平均日增重比对照组分别显著提高8%、14%和13%(P <0.05),料重比分别显著降低7%、10%和9%(P <0.05),腹泻率较对照组分别显著降低39.2%、32.7%和37%(P <0.05),但不会影响断奶仔猪的采食量(P> 0.05);添加不同比例的甘露寡糖可以提高断奶仔猪血液的免疫性能,甘露寡糖处理组断奶仔猪血液的IgG、IgA、IgM、CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD8⁺含量均显著高于对照组(P <0.05),0.2%的甘露寡糖效果最优,其IgG、IgA、IgM、CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD8⁺     

日粮中添加天蚕素抗菌肽对断奶仔猪生长性能及免疫性能的影响

本试验旨在天蚕素抗菌肽对断奶仔猪生产性能和免疫性能的影响。选择平均体重为(8.35±0.12)kg的杜×大×长三元杂交猪240头,采用单因子完全随机设计,分为4组,对照组:基础日粮(玉米-豆粕型);抗生素组:基础日粮+140mg/kg吉他霉素(50%)+100mg/kg喹乙醇+600mg/kg硫酸抗敌素(10%);抗菌肽组:基础日粮+350mg/kg天蚕素抗菌肽;配伍组:基础日粮+250mg/kg天蚕素抗菌肽+50mg/kg喹乙醇+200mg/kg硫酸抗敌素(10%),每组6个重复,每个重复10头猪(公、母各半)。试验期34d。结果表明,抗菌肽组及配伍组较抗生素组及对照组在仔猪饲料转化率方面均差异显著(P0.05),在日增重及日采食量方面均有改善的趋势;在腹泻率及猪瘟抗体水平方面,试验各组均显著优于对照组(P0.05),其中对于抗菌肽组平均抗体阻断率显著优于其余三个组(P0.05);抗菌肽组在部分血清生化指标及免疫球蛋白方面有显著改善作用(P0.05)。因此,在断奶仔猪日粮中添加抗菌肽可以部分替代饲用抗生素,高剂量添加时可以完全取代饲用抗生素。     

代血浆对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

选取24日龄断奶仔猪126头,随机分为2个组,每组3个重复(栏),每个重复21头,分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组,含猪血浆蛋白粉)和试验日粮(试验组,使用代血浆等比替代猪血浆蛋白粉),试验期为10 d,试验结束后测定仔猪生长性能。试验结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组的仔猪生长性能提高,但无显著差异,说明使用代血浆可等比替代猪血浆蛋白粉,并对断奶仔猪生长性能有改善作用。     

酸汤对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫性能、抗氧化性能及肠道微生物区系的影响

本试验旨在研究酸汤对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫性能、抗氧化性能及肠道微生物区系的影响。试验选用31日龄、体重[(5.34±0.86)kg]相近、健康的断奶仔猪45头,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复3头。试验Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组分别在基础饲粮的基础上添加0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%的酸汤。预试期7 d,正试期40 d。结果表明:试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组的平均日增重(ADG)显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05);试验Ⅴ组的腹泻率显著低于试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组(P<0.05);试验Ⅴ组血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)的含量为2.86 g/L,显著高于试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P<0.05);试验Ⅴ组血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组(P<0.05);试验Ⅳ组血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著高于其余各组(P<0.05);试验Ⅳ组血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。试验Ⅴ组空肠绒隐比显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05);饲粮中添加酸汤有增加盲肠厚壁菌门相对丰度、降低拟杆菌门相对丰度的趋势,试验Ⅳ组盲肠乳杆菌属相对丰度显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。综上可知,饲粮中添加适量酸汤能提高断奶仔猪的生长性能、免疫性能以及抗氧化性能,一定程度上促进小肠形态发育以及改善盲肠菌群结构,可作为断奶仔猪饲料添加剂。     

蛋氨酸羟基类似物对断奶仔猪生长性能和小肠形态的影响

文章旨在评估日粮添加不同水平的蛋氨酸羟基类似物对断奶仔猪生长性能、小肠绒毛形态及盲肠微生物数量和挥发性脂肪酸浓度的影响.试验选择21 d断奶平均体重为(6.14±0.05)kg的仔猪600头,随机为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复40头.对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组日粮分别在基础日粮中添加0.1％和0.2％蛋氨酸羟基类似物,...     

蛋内注射硒代蛋氨酸对雏鸡生长发育、抗氧化及免疫性能的影响

为研究胚蛋内注射不同浓度的硒代蛋氨酸对1日龄雏鸡抗氧化与免疫性能相关指标的影响,试验选取160个重量相近的黄羽肉鸡种蛋,随机分为4组：对照组和低、中、高浓度的硒代蛋氨酸组（0、100、200、400μg/mL）,孵化至10胚龄时,于胚蛋卵黄囊内注射不同浓度的硒代蛋氨酸溶液0.1 m L。结果显示：与对照组相比,中浓度组肉雏鸡肝脏、腿肌及脾脏指数均显著增加（P<0.05）,低、高浓度组腿肌指数显著增加（P<0.05）,高浓度组脾脏指数显著增加（P<0.05）;中、高浓度组血清及肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）的活性与腿肌的硫氧还蛋白还原酶活性显著升高（P<0.05）;高浓度组肝脏中TrxR基因表达量显著上调（P<0.05）,低浓度组腿肌GSH-Px与超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）基因表达量也显著上调（P<0.05）;高浓度组脾脏中白细胞介素-4(IL-4)与干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)基因表达量均显著上调（P<0.05）。结果表明,10胚龄蛋内注射适量的硒代蛋氨酸能显著提高雏鸡的肝脏、腿肌及脾脏指数,并显著提高出雏肉鸡的抗氧化和免疫性能,本试验条件下...     

玉米赤霉烯酮污染日粮添加膨润土对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分利用率及生殖器官发育的影响

文章旨在评估玉米赤霉烯酮污染日粮添加膨润土对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分利用率、血清生化指标及生殖器官发育的影响。试验1选择28 d断奶仔猪[(10.00±0.85)kg]960头,随机分为8组,每组4个重复,每个重复30头。试验1日粮采用4(玉米赤霉烯酮水平:0、0.3、0.6和0.9 mg/kg)×2膨润土(0、2或0.5或1 g/kg),试验阶段28～56 d。试验2选择56 d仔猪[(27.00±1.40)kg]480头,分组同试验1。试验2日粮玉米赤霉烯酮水平同试验1,膨润土水平为0或2 g/kg,试验阶段57～75 d。结果显示:随着日粮玉米赤霉烯酮水平的升高,日增重和饲料报酬显著线性降低(P <0.05)。日粮添加膨润土显著提高了28～56 d断奶仔猪饲料报酬(P <0.05)。日粮添加2 g/kg膨润土显著提高了57～75 d断奶仔猪的平均日增重(P <0.05)。日粮玉米赤霉烯酮显著降低了采食量和饲料报酬(P <0.05),但添加膨润土显著提高了饲料报酬(P <0.05)。随着日粮玉米赤霉烯酮水平的升高,干物质和氮表观消化系列表现为显著的线性降低(P <0.05)。28 d断奶仔猪阴户宽度、长度和面积随着日粮玉米赤霉烯酮水平的升高表现为显著的线性升高(P <0.05)。玉米赤霉烯酮污染日粮添加2 g/kg膨润土显著降低了阴户长度和面积(P <0.05)。日粮添加膨润土显著提高了2和4周龄仔猪粪中乳酸杆菌含量(P <0.05),显著降低大肠杆菌含量(P <0.05)。结论 :断奶仔猪采食较低水平玉米赤霉烯酮污染日粮会降低营养物质消化率,诱发氧化应激,使生长性能下降。添加膨润土后可以缓解采食玉米赤霉烯酮污染日粮对仔猪的毒副作用。     

液态或颗粒饲料添加精氨酸对21～42 d断奶仔猪生长性能和血浆氨基酸水平的影响

文章旨在研究饲喂颗粒料或液态料以及日粮添加精氨酸对断奶仔猪生长性能及血浆必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸含量的影响。试验选择21 d断奶的健康仔猪672头,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复28头。试验日粮采用2×2多因素方差设计,2种饲料形态(液态料或颗粒料),2个精氨酸水平(0或6 g/kg精氨酸),试验共进行21 d。断奶后前10 d饲喂液态料较颗粒料显著改善了仔猪的平均日采食量、平均日增重和料比(P<0.05);在断奶后第11~13天液态料向颗粒料过渡阶段,液态料组较颗粒料组对日增重和料比具有负面影响(P<0.05);饲料形态和添加精氨酸以及饲料形态和仔猪日龄对断奶仔猪的平均日采食量的影响具有显著交互效应(P<0.05)。断奶后前10 d,饲喂液态料的仔猪较颗粒显著提高了干物质摄入量(P<0.05);断奶后前10 d饲喂添加精氨酸的液态料仔猪,由液态料向固体料过渡,显著提高了采食量和日增重(P<0.05)。液态或颗粒饲料添加精氨酸显著降低了断奶仔猪血浆尿素氮含量(P<0.05);饲喂液态料的断奶仔猪在28和37 d较颗粒料组显著降低了血浆尿素氮含量(P<0.05)。除了色氨酸、组氨酸、谷氨酸和甘氨酸外,液态料较颗粒料均显著提高了断奶仔猪血浆氨基酸水平(P<0.05);颗粒料或液态料添加精氨酸显著提高了断奶仔猪血浆亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、精氨酸和甘氨酸水平(P<0.05)。综上所述,断奶后仔猪饲喂液态料可以提高生长性能,但无论颗粒料还是液态料添加精氨酸均可以显著提高血浆精氨酸水平,降低尿素氮含量。     

Growth, weaning performance and blood indicators of humoral immunity in Holstein calves fed supplemental flavonoids

The primary objective was to test the hypothesis that flavonoids mediate immune response and affect calf performance. Twenty Holstein calves [7 ± 2 days age; 41.4 ± 0.7 kg body weight (BW)] were randomly assigned to four treatments of (i) no; (ii) low (7.3 × 10⁻⁵ g/kg BW); (iii) medium (7.3 × 10⁻⁴ g/kg BW); and (iv) high (3.6 × 10⁻³ g/kg BW) doses of flavonoids intake in a completely randomized design. Calves received the treatments as a tablet until weaning or a daily intake of 680 g starter. After weaning, calves received no supplemental flavonoids and monitored until 120 days of age. The flavonoids were extracted from propolis. Treatments did not affect body length, wither height and the severity of scours. At week 5 of age, BW was higher when calves fed the high compared to the low dose of flavonoids. At week 6, calves fed the high dose of flavonoids had higher BW than those fed no or low doses of flavonoids. The serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations remained lower at the first 3 weeks of the experiment when calves received the low but not the high doses of flavonoids. At week 4, both medium and low doses of flavonoids moderated serum IgG. At week 8, the medium and high but not the low doses of flavonoids lowered serum IgG. At week 6, calves fed high and medium flavonoids doses had lower blood immunoglobulin M (IgM) than control calves. Results suggest that flavonoids affect the humoral immune response and can improve growth in young calves. This response depended on calf age. Future studies are needed to further evaluate the premise that dietary forages or the main source of flavonoids are helpful for a less stressful weaning in the modern calf raising.     

Influence of extrusion of corn and broken rice on energy content and growth performance of weaning pigs

Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of extrusion on the energy content of corn and broken rice and on growth performance of weaning pigs. In experiment 1, 24 barrows (28 days old, 7.28 ± 0.90 kg body weight (BW)) were used to compare the effects of extrusion of corn and broken rice on the values of digestible energy (DE) in weaned pigs. The DE content in extruded corn (17.45 MJ/kg dry matter (DM)) was significantly greater (P < 0.05) by 5.54% compared with that in corn (16.48 MJ/kg DM), while no significant difference in DE content was observed between extruded broken rice (17.66 MJ/kg DM) and broken rice (17.76 MJ/kg DM). In experiment 2, 120 weanling pigs (21 days old, 5.76 ± 0.07 kg BW) were used to evaluate the influence of substitution corn and extruded corn by different proportions of raw and extruded broken rice on growth performance of pigs. The inclusion of broken rice in the diets improved (P < 0.05) growth performance of pigs during the first week and the 2 weeks post‐weaning but not thereafter. However, there was no significant difference in growth performance between treatments in other periods. Overall, this study indicates that feeding weaning pigs with broken rice has beneficial results.     

纳米银对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道绒毛形态及微生物菌群的影响

文章旨在研究日粮添加不同水平的纳米银对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道形态及微生物菌群的影响。本研究共进行3个试验,试验1收集8头断奶后7 d仔猪的回肠内容物,在体外37℃条件下分别添加0、20、40和80μg/kg纳米银,孵育4 h。结果显示,随着纳米银添加水平的升高,回肠内容物大肠杆菌和乳酸杆菌的含量显著线性降低(P<0.05),但对乳酸杆菌比例无显著影响(P>0.05)。试验2分为3个组,每组10头21 d断奶的仔猪,日粮中分别添加0、20和40 mg/kg纳米银,结果发现随着纳米银添加水平的升高,断奶后2周仔猪的日增重表现为显著线性升高(P<0.05),同时回肠大肠杆菌含量有显著线性降低的趋势(P=0.07),显著降低了细菌总量和奇异菌属含量(P<0.05)。20 mg/kg纳米银组产气荚膜杆菌与梭菌比例最低(P<0.05)。试验3分为3组,每组选择10头21 d断奶仔猪,日粮中分别添加0、20和40 mg/kg纳米银,结果发现,日粮纳米银添加水平对仔猪断奶后前两周绒毛形态无显著影响(P>0.05),而隐窝深度有降低趋势(P=0.08)。20 mg/kg纳米银组仔猪在断奶前两周表现为最高(P<0.05),之后随着纳米银添加水平的升高在3~4周显著降低(P<0.05),料比显著升高(P<0.05)。日粮添加低剂量的纳米银可以改善断奶仔猪的采食量和日增重,适宜添加水平为20~40 mg/kg。     

Glutamic acid supplementation recovers the reduced performance of weanling pigs fed reduced crude protein diets

This study was conducted to evaluate the supplementation of glutamic acid(Glu)to reduced protein diets on the performance of weanling pigs.One hundred and eighty crossbred weanling pigs([Yorkshire
Landrace]
Duroc,21 d old)having similar body weight(BW)of 6.45 kg were randomly allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments(5 pigs per pen[2 barrows and 3 gilts];6 pens per treatment)based on BW and sex during a 6-week trial.Dietary treatments consisted of positive control(PC)diet formulated to have 226.9,205.6,and 188.8 g crude protein(CP)during phases 1,2,and 3,respectively,and negative control(NC)diets with 20 g CP reduction from PC diets and addition of Glu with increasing levels,resulting in the calculated Lys-to-Glu ratios of 1:2.25,1:2.30.1:2.35,1:2.40,and 1:2.45,designated as NC,NC1,NC2,NC3,and NC4,respectively.The BW of pigs receiving PC diet was higher(P<0.05)than those receiving NC diet at d 7,21 and 42.A higher(P<0.05)average daily gain(ADG)from d 1 to 7,8 to 21,22 to 42 and during the overall experiment period was observed in pigs fed PC than NC diet.Pigs fed NC diets including the graded level of Glu linearly increased(P<0.05)BW at d 42,ADG and gain-to-feed ratio(G:F)during the overall experimental period.In addition,trends in linear increase in BW(P=0.056)at d 7 and ADG from d 1 to 7 and d 22 to 42(linear effect,P=0.081,P=0.058 respectively)were observed.A tendency in the linear increment of NH3(P=0.082)at d 21 and linear reduction in methyl mercaptans(P=0.054)emission at d 42 was observed in pigs fed NC diets supplemented with graded level of Glu.In conclusion,supplementing the reduced protein diet with Glu enhanced the growth performance in weanling pigs suggesting that supplementation of Glu can compensate the reduction of 2%CP in the basal diets.     

陈化大米替代玉米对断奶猪生长性能、血液生化及游离氨基酸水平的影响

本研究旨在研究用陈化大米完全替代玉米对仔猪断奶后1～28?d生长性能、血液生化及游离氨基酸水平的影响.试验将21?d断奶、平均初始体重为(6.32±0.09)kg的480头仔猪随机分为2组,每组8个重复,每个重复30头.两组断奶仔猪在28?d的试验期中分别饲喂玉米和陈化大米为主的日粮.结果:与玉米组相比,陈化大米组仔猪...     

抗菌肽对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分消化率、肠道微生物含量及绒毛结构的影响

文章旨在研究日粮添加不同水平抗菌肽替代抗生素对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分消化率、肠道微生物含量及绒毛结构的影响。试验选择平均体重为(5.76±0.02)kg的21 d断奶的杜×长×大仔猪672头,根据个体大小随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复42头。试验分为1～14 d和15～28 d两个阶段,对照组饲喂基础日粮+60 mg/kg盐霉素,抗菌肽组饲喂基础日粮+0、50或100 mg/kg抗菌肽。试验进行28 d。对照组较抗菌肽组显著提高了断奶仔猪28 d体重(P <0.05),1～14 d和1～28 d日增重(P <0.05),1～14 d、15～28 d、1～28 d采食量,显著降低了1～28 d料重比(P <0.05)。随着日粮抗菌肽添加水平的升高,28 d体重、1～14 d、15～28 d及1～28 d日增重显著升高(P <0.05)。对照组较抗菌肽组显著提高了断奶仔猪14和28 d干物质、14 d粗蛋白质表观消化系数(P <0.05)。对照组较抗菌肽组显著降低了14和28 d粪中大肠杆菌含量(P <0.05),且总厌氧菌、梭菌和大肠杆菌含量随抗菌肽添加水平的升高而显著降低(P <0.05);与抗菌肽组相比,对照组显著降低了回肠总厌氧菌含量(P <0.05)。饲喂对照组日粮的断奶仔猪较抗菌肽组显著降低了空肠隐窝深度(P <0.05),显著提高了空肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值(P <0.05)。根据试验结果推断,日粮添加抗菌肽可以作为抗生素替代品,具有提高断奶仔猪生长性能、干物质和粗蛋白质的表观消化率、绒毛形态及降低粪中有害菌含量的作用。     

Effect of added dietary threonine on growth performance,health, immunity and gastrointestinal function of weaning pigs with differing genetic susceptibility to Escherichia coli infection and challenged with E. coli K88ac

Threonine (Thr) is important for mucin and immunoglobulin production. We studied the effect of added dietary Thr on growth performance, health, immunity and gastrointestinal function of weaning pigs with differing genetic susceptibility to E. coli K88ac (ETEC) infection and challenged with ETEC. Forty‐eight 24‐day‐old weaned pigs were divided into two groups by their ETEC susceptibility using mucin 4 (MUC4) gene as a marker (2 MUC4^?/?, not‐susceptible, and 2 MUC4^+/+, susceptible, pigs per litter). Within genotype, pigs were fed two different diets: 8.5 (LThr) or 9.0 (HThr) g Thr/kg. Pigs were orally challenged on day 7 after weaning and slaughtered on day 12 or 13 after weaning. Before ETEC challenge, HThr pigs ate more (p < 0.05). The diet did not affect post‐challenge growth, but HThr tended to increase post‐challenge feed efficiency (p = 0.087) and overall growth (p = 0.087) and feed efficiency (p = 0.055). Before challenge, HThr pigs excreted less E. coli (p < 0.05), while after challenge, diet did not affect the number of days with diarrhoea and ETEC excretion. MUC4^+/+ pigs responded to the challenge with more diarrhoea, ETEC excretion and anti‐K88 IgA in blood and jejunal secretion (p < 0.001). HThr pigs had a higher increase of anti‐K88 IgA values in jejunal secretion (p = 0.089) and in blood (p = 0.089, in MUC4^+/+ pigs only). Thr did not affect total IgA and IgM values, morphometry of jejunum, goblet cells count in colon, total mucin from jejunum and colon, but varied jejunal goblet cells counts (p < 0.05). In the first two post‐weaning weeks, 8.5 g Thr/kg diet may be not sufficient to optimize initial feed intake, overall feed efficiency and intestinal IgA secretion and to control the gut microbiota in the first post‐weaning week, irrespective of the pig genetic susceptibility to ETEC infection.     

不同能量水平日粮添加抗氧化剂对生长猪生长性能及肉质的影响

文章旨在研究不同能量水平日粮添加抗氧化剂对仔猪生长性能和肉质的影响。试验选择360头体重一致的仔猪(杜洛克和长白各半),随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复20头猪。试验共设计6种日粮,其中对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组分别在日粮中添加100、0、200、200和200 g/kg草粉,其中最后两个处理组分别添加200 mg/kgα-生育酚和儿茶素。试验由断奶开展到出栏。杜洛克猪肌肉pH45min显著高于长白猪(P <0.05),与对照组相比,处理1组和处理3组显著降低背膘深度(P <0.05)。杜洛克猪较长白猪显著提高了肌间脂肪和灰分含量(P <0.05),而长白猪较杜洛克猪显著提高了肌肉水分含量(P <0.05),处理5组较处理2组显著提高了肌肉灰分含量(P <0.05)。杜洛克猪较长白猪显著提高了肌肉C16:1和C18:1含量(P <0.05)。饲喂处理2和5组日粮的长白猪较对照组显著降低了肌肉MDA含量(P <0.05)。综上所述:日粮添加抗氧化及限饲提高长白猪肌肉瘦肉率和多不饱和脂肪酸含量。低能日粮可以改善背膘厚度和肌间脂肪水平,同时增加肌肉的氧化稳定性。