赤桉半干材的窑干与调湿处理工艺

针对移行材和早材皱缩等主要气干缺陷,拟定出赤桉半干材的干燥工艺,窑干前进行回复皱缩和减小表面硬化的汽蒸处理,窑干至目标含水率时进行终了调湿处理.结果表明:汽蒸预处理可以有效地回复皱缩材和显著地减小表面硬化;5 d内将试材的平均含水率25.61%下降到11.72%;3 h的汽蒸处理和24 h的湿空气处理均可有效地减小含水率梯度和残余塑性变定,但后者效果更佳;板材干燥质量达到国家标准二级质量的要求.     

滇产赤桉干燥质量控制的研究

通过分析滇产赤桉地板毛坯料的干燥质量,认为其主要干燥缺陷是皱缩和扭翘变形,而不是开裂,据此进行干燥质量控制的试验.结果表明,3h的汽蒸处理可以有效地回复皱缩,减小扭翘变形.     

汽蒸处理对杨木地板坯料皱缩深度的影响

为拓展杨木高附加值利用途径,对皱缩严重的杨木地板坯料进行汽蒸处理。结果表明:随着处理时间的延长,皱缩杨木地板坯料的含水率增加,皱缩深度减小。经汽蒸5h处理和干燥后,试样的皱缩深度明显减小。     

高强度微波辐照和汽蒸处理对落叶松木材材色的影响

为了揭示高强度微波辐照处理、汽蒸处理和微波-汽蒸处理对落叶松(Larix spp.)木材色度学参数的影响及其与微波功率和汽蒸处理时间的关系,进而评价微波汽蒸处理对落叶松木材材色的影响,采用同一树干的落叶松板材生材,测量并计算其在微波功率5.54、12.92和24,与汽蒸2、4、6、8、12、16 h处理下同一位置处理前后,色度学参数L*、a*、b*并通过公式计算出C*、Ag*和ΔE*等参数,系统分析处理前后色度学参数的变化情况。结果表明,素材气干后,L*值和Ag*值升高,a*、b*和C*值降低,总体色差ΔE*升高;微波处理并气干后,试材的色度学参数变化趋势与素材一致,但其数值均略大于素材值的绝对值;汽蒸处理并气干后,试材的L*值和ΔE*值升高,b*值和C*值降低,a*值在汽蒸2 h和4 h时升高,其余各处均降低,Ag*值在汽蒸2、4 h时降低,其余时间段为升高或不变;微波-汽蒸处理并气干后,试材受微波处理和汽蒸处理的共同影响,L*值和ΔE*值升高,变化趋势相似,b*值和C*值降低,a*值在12.92 kW-汽蒸8 h和12 h处升高,其余各处均降低,Ag*值在5.54kW-汽蒸2 h、4 h和6 h,12.92 kW-汽蒸8 h和12 h,24kW-汽蒸4、6、12 h处为降低。     

热水处理对王桉木材干缩率和皱缩的影响

研究了热水处理的温度和时间对王桉（Eucalyptus regnans）木材全干干缩率和皱缩的影响。结果表明：随着处理温度的升高,王桉木材的全干干缩率呈增大的趋势,70℃和80℃时,处理时间对王桉木材的各向干缩率的影响不大;90℃和100℃时,处理时间对王桉木材的各向干缩率影响明显。经100℃热水处理6 h后王桉木材体积、弦向和径向全干干缩率分别增大了78.3%、116.1%和44.4%,分别达到25.5%,18.8%,7.8%。王桉木材的皱缩深度随处理温度的升高显著增大,处理时间对王桉皱缩深度的影响不明显。     

汽蒸时间对木材吸湿性能的影响

本文描述了汽蒸时间对木材吸湿性能的影响。试验结果表明，随着汽蒸时间的延长，木材最大吸湿性差异逐渐增大，但绝对值不超过０．８％。汽蒸时间过长，木材收缩增大，甚至皱缩，因此汽蒸处理时间不能超过２４小时。     

人工林杨木皱缩恢复工艺参数优化研究北大核心

人工林杨木由于密度低、易皱缩的缺陷限制了其进一步利用。利用不同温度的饱和蒸汽对皱缩杨木试样进行不同时间的皱缩恢复处理,同时测试皱缩试材的径弦向恢复指标。试验数据采用SAS软件进行分析。结果表明:在温度对恢复指标的影响中,试样在100℃处理温度下其弦径向达到最大恢复率,分别为1.650%和1.501%;在时间对恢复指标的影响中,6 h处理试样的弦径向尺寸恢复率达到1.670%和1.411%;根据交互影响得到杨树皱缩恢复最佳工艺条件为100℃,6 h较优;80℃,6 h次之。     

棉秆重组材生产工艺的研究

对棉秆的软化处理和棉秆重组材的生产工艺进行研究,结果表明:棉秆经热水常压蒸煮3 h,能够获得较好的软化效果;密度、施胶量和防水剂对棉秆重组材的性能影响较大.     

高温热处理对色木尺寸稳定性的影响

采用高温高湿-干燥-炭化工艺,以处理温度、处理时间、汽蒸时间和干燥基准为因素,L9(34)设计实验方案研究色木炭化材尺寸稳定性。结果表明:热处理可以明显降低木材的线性湿涨率和体积湿涨率,提高木材的尺寸稳定性;随着处理温度的升高、处理时间和汽蒸时间的延长,色木的体积湿涨率均降低;其中处理温度的影响程度最大。在本次试验中,与对照材相比,通过高温高湿处理可以使色木的弦向湿涨率降低26%～59%,径向湿涨率降低22%～66%,体积湿涨率降低31%～67%。     

几种木材处理方式对云南松人工林的云南松材剖面密度影响的研究

采用热压、水煮和汽蒸对云南松人工林的云南松材进行了处理,对经处理的云南松材剖面密度进行了测定。结果表明,3种处理方式对其云南松材的剖面密度都有影响。其中水煮处理的影响最大;而3种处理方式对云南松材不同部位的剖面密度的影响也不同,以对端部的影响为最大。     

木材皱缩的研究现状及发展趋势

通过总结和分析国内外关于木材皱缩的研究现状，指出皱缩深度、皱缩因子、体积收缩率、干缩率等4项指标能够合理地评价木材皱缩的程度；采用预冻处理、热处理、加压或拉伸处理以及后期调湿处理能够在一定程度上减少皱缩的产生；并讨论了木材皱缩研究的发展趋势。     

木材真空-过热蒸汽干燥的预热特性

在真空状态下，分别对过热蒸汽和空气为干燥介质时木材干燥预热阶段进行对比试验，探讨了木材在真空－过热蒸汽干燥中预阶段的工艺特性。结果表明：过热蒸汽干燥的预热阶段进行得非常迅速，同时其表面水分的凝结量也较以空气为介质时表面水分的凝结量大。     

预热时间对柞木干燥质量的影响

以硬阔叶材柞木为研究对象，通过研究预热处理时间对锯材干燥质量和干燥速度的影响为制定节能预处理干燥工艺提供依据。结果表明：在相同条件下，25 mm厚的柞木锯材经常规预热处理（预热3.25 h）与预热2 h的干燥速度之间没有明显差异；预热2 h的锯材干燥质量能够达到GB/T 6491-2012《锯材干燥质量》规定的二级标准。     

Shrinkage and collapse in thin sections and blocks of Tasmanian mountain ash regrowth

Summary Total collapse values from the green condition to various equilibrium moisture contents (EMC) were obtained by comparing shrinkage before reconditioning in matched blocks and sections of the wood of Eucalyptus regnans. It was shown that while collapse to 17% EMC comprised the largest portion of total collapse, a significant component, apparently caused by drying stress, developed below 17% EMC. Between 5% EMC and 0% moisture content a collapse recovery of some 1% occurred, seemingly because of changes in drying temperature. After reconditioning, collapse recovery was only partial and a high level of residual collapse remained. It was shown that collapse recovery was highest near the sapwood-heartwood boundary, while residual collapse was highest near the heartwood centre. While residual collapse was weakly negatively correlated with specific gravity, this relationship was not significant after adjustment was made for change in shrinkage after reconditioning in sections. All types of collapse were positively correlated with R-ratios calculated for blocks. However, relationships were not as well defined when R-ratios for sections were employed, the exception being for collapse below 17% EMC which was highly negatively correlated with R. The difference between shrinkage before reconditioning and shrinkage after reconditioning in sections, while totalling near zero, was positively correlated with specific gravity. It was demonstrated that this quantity could not constitute collapse in the traditional sense of collapse of the cell lumens. A possible association with moisture content of the material was discussed.     

Shrinkage of cane (Arundo donax) II. Effect of drying condition on the intensity of cell collapse

To improve the drying method in the manufacture of woodwind reeds, green canes (Arundo donax L.) were dried under various humidity–temperature conditions and the intensity of cell collapse was evaluated from the swelling due to steaming during the recovery of collapse. At 30°C, the intensity of collapse was increased by slower drying. It was considered that: (1) slower drying resulted in higher sample temperature in the early stage of drying and acted to increase the collapse; (2) rapid drying stiffened the surface of the sample and such a shell prohibited the following collapse; (3) slower drying i.e., longer loading of liquid tension caused more remarkable and/or frequent viscoelastic yields of cells. Consequently, the intensity of collapse increased when the cane was dried from its waxy outer surface or in the presence of node: both of them retarded drying. On the other hand, higher drying temperature caused greater intensity of collapse in spite of faster drying. It was suggested that the thermal softening of cane cells leads to easier yielding of the cell wall, and at the same time the rapid drying does not allow the recovery of collapse after the disappearance of free water. These results indicated that faster drying at lower temperature is preferable for drying cane with less collapse.     

Study on Wood Drying Properties under Vacuum-floating Pressure

Using Masson pine as specimens, when drying mediums are overheated steam and hot-air respectively, preheating characteristics of wood under vacuum-floating pressure drying are discussed by measurement of internal temperature field and variation of moisture content during period of preheating. The relationship between drying medium conditions and drying rate of wood reveals that, firstly, compared with process of air-drying, time needed to be preheated under vacuum-floating decreased dramatically, meanwhile, the magnitude of condensation on the surface is relatively larger. Secondly, drying rate of wood under vacuum-floating pressure increases coupled with temperature of medium, reduction of absolute pressure, and raise of fluctuation rate of pressure. The sequence of factors contribution to drying rate is listed as following: temperature of medium (t) > fluctuation rate of pressure (f)> absolute pressure (p).     

木材真空-浮压干燥特性的试验研究

以马尾松为试验材料 ,首先分别以过热蒸汽和空气作为干燥介质 ,在预热阶段通过对木材内部温度场和含水率变化的测定 ,探讨了木材真空 -浮压干燥预热阶段的特性 ;然后 ,通过对干燥介质条件与干燥速率之间影响关系的研究 ,总结出木材真空 -浮压干燥的特性。结果表明 :真空 -浮压干燥预热阶段进行得非常迅速 ,同时其表面水分的凝结量也较空气干燥大 ;木材的浮压干燥速率随着干燥介质温度的增加、绝对压力的减小和浮动频率的加大而增加。上述因素中对干燥速率影响程度从大到小的排列顺序为 :介质温度 (T) >压力浮动频率 (Hz) >绝对压力 (P)     

Effect of collapse on fitted diffusion coefficients for Victorian ash eucalypts

Wet cores, recently observed in highly collapsed boards towards the end of pre-drying, suggest that a previously unobserved relationship between collapse and the rate of internal moisture diffusion may exist. In this study, a drying model has been used to fit the diffusion coefficient and other model parameters to the drying data from the earlier study. The model parameters were fitted to six sub-samples from 20 sample boards (a total of 120 sub-samples). The model was only fitted to the drying data from green to 50% average moisture content. An inter-relationship between basic density, collapse and the fitted diffusion coefficient was established and discussed. It is suggested that the effect of collapse on diffusion coefficient could be the result of two different mechanisms.     

木业企业干燥工段的综合节能措施

通过利用燃烧加工剩余物供热、改进散热系统、采用自然干燥与人工干燥组合、优化干燥基准、应用计算机智能控制等综合节能措施,系统地改造企业的木材干燥工段.结果表明:改造后的木材平均干燥周期缩短3.5d,干燥质量可靠,达到低能耗、高质量、短周期的预期改造效果.