保护性耕作对黑土不同土层土壤固氮菌丰度和群落结构的影响

东北黑土由于近几十年持续性高强度的利用,已经出现肥力下降等问题。保护性耕作是防止土壤退化的有效措施,可影响土壤微生物的丰度和多样性,然而保护性耕作对东北黑土固氮菌群落结构的影响仍不清楚。本研究利用15年免耕和传统耕作试验,采用高通量测序方法,探讨东北地区免耕和传统耕作条件下0～5 cm和5～20 cm两个土壤深度的固氮菌群落的丰度、多样性和组成的差异,以及与土壤理化性质的相关关系。研究结果表明,免耕和传统耕作下土壤固氮菌在门水平上变形菌门相对丰度最大;属水平上慢生根瘤菌属的相对丰度最大。耕作方式、土壤深度对nifH基因拷贝数、Chao 1和Shannon指数均无显著影响,PCA分析表明,免耕和传统耕作显著影响土壤固氮菌群落的组成,土壤容重与PC1显著相关。Mantel test检验表明,固氮菌群落与土壤容重显著相关。本研究结果表明免耕通过影响土壤容重改变了土壤固氮菌的群落组成。本研究加深了保护性耕作对土壤固氮菌群落影响的理解,为东北黑土区保护性耕作的应用提供了理论依据。     

耕作措施对陇中旱农区土壤细菌群落的影响

为探究耕作措施对陇中旱农区麦豆轮作系统土壤细菌多样性的影响,借助2001年在陇中旱农区建立的不同耕作措施长期定位试验,应用高通量测序技术比较传统耕作(T)与3种保护性耕作(免耕(NT)、传统耕作+秸秆还田(TS)和免耕+秸秆覆盖(NTS))对麦豆轮作体系土壤有机碳、全氮、微生物生物量碳、微生物生物量氮及细菌群落结构影响。结果表明:1)相对于传统耕作,秸秆还田显著增加0～10 cm、10～30 cm土壤有机碳、全氮、微生物量碳和微生物量氮含量,其中NTS处理0～10 cm、10～30 cm土层有机碳、全氮、微生物量碳和微生物量氮含量较传统耕作分别提高28.27%、114.16%、13.51%、49.14%和39.86%、98.05%、10.78%、40.72%。2)酸杆菌门(26.42%)、变形菌门(19.86%)和放线菌门(19.44%)为陇中旱农区麦豆轮作系统土壤细菌的主要优势种群,NTS处理下酸杆菌门、放线菌门和变形菌门丰度较传统耕作显著提高35.11%、33.77%和30.17%。3)与传统耕作相比,保护性耕作提高了0～30cm土层土壤细菌的Observedspecies指数、Chao指数、香农指数、辛普森指数,以NTS处理提高最为显著。因此,在陇中旱农区推广以免耕秸秆覆盖为主的保护性耕作措施有利于增加土壤碳氮固存、提高土壤细菌群落丰度和多样性和土壤的生物活性,促进农业的可持续发展。     

保护性耕作模式对黑土有机碳含量和密度的影响

以公主岭市长期（10 a）保护性耕作定位试验为研究对象,分析与传统耕作模式相比的几种保护性耕作模式对黑土固碳效应的影响。共设4种耕作模式,即秋翻秋耙匀垄、秋灭茬匀垄、全面旋耕深松和宽窄行交替休闲（又叫松带、苗带交替休闲）（后3种视为保护性耕作）。结果表明,经过10 a的耕作试验,不同的耕作模式对土壤有机碳有显著的影响。表层0～20 cm秋翻秋耙匀垄和秋灭茬匀垄模式的土壤有机碳含量最低,深层30～50 cm全面旋耕深松模式的土壤有机碳质量分数显著低于其他耕作模式13.49%～25.14%;0～50 cm耕层     

坡耕地不同耕作方式对土壤性状的影响

通过田间实验,在坡耕地采用垄沟种植的耕作方式,设置垄覆膜旋耕(X)、垄覆膜灭茬翻耕(F)、垄覆膜灭茬深松(S)3种处理方式;垄、沟比为60:40.结果显示,不同的耕作方式对土壤产生不同程度的扰动,使土壤耕作层密度总体上存在显著差异,其中0～20 cm及20～40 cm深松耕作方式土壤密度相对较低.其中X处理在一定程度上...     

耕作措施对陇中麦豆轮作系统土壤真菌群落的影响

为探究耕作措施对陇中旱农区麦豆轮作系统土壤真菌多样性的影响,依托2001年布设在陇中旱农区的田间定位试验,应用高通量测序技术比较传统耕作(T)与3种保护性耕作[免耕(NT)、传统耕作+秸秆还田(TS)和免耕+秸秆覆盖(NTS)]对麦豆轮作体系真菌群落结构的影响。结果表明:1)子囊菌门(52.74%)、担子菌门(14.10%)为陇中旱农区麦豆轮作系统土壤真菌的主要优势种群,免耕秸秆覆盖处理下担子菌门丰度较传统耕作增加15.01%,免耕处理子囊菌门、担子菌门丰度较传统耕作分别提高3.67%、1.86%。2)保护性耕作措施能不同程度提高0～30 cm土层土壤真菌丰富度与多样性指数,其中以免耕秸秆覆盖效果最明显,但各处理间差异不显著;较传统耕作,0～30 cm土层土壤真菌特有OTU数量NTNTSTST,同时较传统耕作,免耕秸秆覆盖处理土壤真菌OTU数量提高8.07%,免耕处理提高12.41%。因此,在陇中旱农区推广以免耕秸秆覆盖为主的保护性耕作措施有利于提高土壤真菌群落丰富度和多样性。     

耕作方式对农田土壤理化性质、微生物学特性及小麦营养品质的影响

【[目的 ]】耕作措施对土壤健康和作物营养品质提升具有关键作用,明确不同耕作方式对土壤理化性质、微生物学特性及小麦营养品质的影响,为集约化农田可持续管理提供理论依据。【[方法 ]】田间试验自2012年起在山东德州进行,供试土壤为潮土,种植制度为小麦–玉米轮作。设置4种耕作模式处理：传统耕作、旋耕、休耕和免耕。2020年,采集0—20 cm土层土样分析土壤物理、化学性质和细菌群落结构,采集小麦籽粒样品分析其营养品质。【[结果 ]】与传统耕作相比,免耕、休耕和旋耕处理显著提高了土壤含水量、铵态氮、硝态氮、有机质、全氮及有效磷含量,休耕还显著提高了土壤容重,降低了土壤孔隙度。免耕、休耕和旋耕处理显著提高土壤微生物量碳、氮含量以及土壤细菌群落多样性指数,休耕及免耕处理提高土壤厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)的相对丰度,降低放线菌门(Actinobacteria)的相对丰度。从营养品质变化来看,休耕显著提高小麦籽粒蛋白质、淀粉、微量元素的含量,旋耕和免耕显著增加小麦籽粒蛋白质含量,除天冬氨酸外,其他16种氨基酸组分变化趋势与氨基酸总量变化基本一致。Pe...     

稻虾共作模式对稻田土壤细菌群落结构与多样性的影响

通过研究稻虾共作模式下0 ~ 60 cm土层土壤细菌群落结构与多样性,明确该模式下稻田土壤细菌的群落特征,旨在为研究稻虾共作模式下稻田土壤养分循环提供理论依据。依托湖北省潜江市白鹭湖农场15年定位试验,采集0 ~ 10 cm、10 ~ 20 cm、20 ~ 30 cm、30 ~ 40 cm、40 ~ 50 cm和50 ~ 60 cm土层土样,采用高通量测序技术分析土壤细菌群落结构和多样性,并研究土壤细菌群落特征与土壤理化性状的关系。与中稻单作模式相比,长期稻虾共作模式显著提高了0 ~ 10 cm和20 ~ 40 cm土层有机碳（TOC）含量、0 ~ 30 cm土层全氮（TN）含量、0 ~ 20 cm和30 ~ 40 cm土层全磷（TP）含量以及10 ~ 40 cm土层有效钾（AK）含量。长期稻虾共作模式后土壤细菌的群落组成发生了改变,显著提高了土壤中绿弯菌门、拟杆菌门、硝化螺旋菌门和芽单胞菌门的相对丰度,降低了蓝细菌门、放线菌门和疣微菌门的相对丰度;同时,稻虾共作模式显著提高了10 ~ 20 cm和30 ~ 50 cm土层细菌的物种丰富度和多样性,但降低了0 ~ 10 cm土层细菌的丰富度。相关性分析表明,TOC、TN、AP和AK是影响稻虾共作模式土壤中细菌群落结构及多样性的主要因素。长期稻虾共作模式改变了稻田土壤理化性状,改变了土壤细菌的群落组成,提高了深层土壤的细菌物种丰富度和多样性。     

深耕改善砂姜黑土理化性状提高小麦产量

为探明砂姜黑土农田适宜的耕作方式,进一步挖掘砂姜黑土生产潜力,发挥地域资源优势,以周麦27为试验材料,在大田条件下设置免耕、旋耕(15 cm)、深耕(30 cm)3种耕作方式,研究了耕作方式对砂姜黑土农田土壤容重、有机碳含量、无机氮含量以及小麦籽粒产量的影响。结果表明,在小麦苗期和成熟期,3种耕作方式处理间0~10 cm土层土壤容重差异不显著(P0.05),但深耕处理显著降低10~30 cm土层土壤容重(P0.05)。在小麦苗期、越冬期、拔节期、开花期和成熟期,3种耕作方式对0~20 cm土层土壤有机碳含量的影响规律不明显,但深耕处理明显增加20~40 cm土层土壤有机碳含量;20~40 cm土层土壤铵态氮含量均为深耕旋耕免耕。与免耕处理相比,深耕处理通过增加小麦穗粒数和千粒质量,最终促使籽粒产量增加16.33%。综上所述,在该试验条件下,在秸秆还田的基础上,小麦季30 cm深耕处理可以降低土壤容重,增加土壤有机碳含量,进而提高小麦籽粒产量,可作为砂姜黑土农田适宜的耕作方式。     

施用有机肥提高黑土土壤酶活性、增加细菌数量及种类多样性

为研究有机肥施用量对黑土土壤酶活性及细菌群落的影响,明确黑土细菌群落变化与有机肥施用量的相关性,从而为调节土壤微生物群落结构,改善其生态功能提供科学依据。设置不施有机肥(CK)、有机肥施用量15 000(YJ1)、22 500(YJ2)、30 000(YJ3)、37 500(YJ4)和45 000 kg/hm~2(YJ5)6个处理,通过连续2年田间试验,研究土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶活性以及细菌群落多样性的变化规律。施用有机肥能够提高土壤蔗糖酶(26.3%～56.6%)、脲酶(5.8%～56.4%)、过氧化氢酶(0%～17.7%)、碱性磷酸酶的活性(7.4%～43.6%),YJ2处理酶活性较高;施用有机肥提高了黑土土壤变形菌门和厚壁菌门的相对丰度,并降低了放线菌门相对丰度。过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性是影响细菌群落多样性较大的因子。施用有机肥可不同程度增加细菌数量和种类多样性,进而使土壤系统向稳定健康的方向发展。     

不同耕作方式下黑土微生物群落对干湿交替的响应

以吉林德惠市黑土长期田间定位实验地土壤为研究对象,通过室内模拟培养,采用高通量测序方法(16S rRNA)研究免耕和垄作土壤微生物群落对不同频率和强度的干湿交替处理的响应。结果表明:干湿交替显著降低免耕土壤中微生物群落的多样性,且频率越高干旱强度越大多样性降低越显著;但干湿交替对垄作土壤的微生物多样性影响不显著。与对照相比,干湿交替显著增加免耕土壤中浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)和疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)的相对丰度,显著降低免耕和垄作土壤中Saccharibacteria菌门和Parcubacteria菌门的相对丰度。无论是免耕还是垄作条件下,干湿交替频率的不同导致土壤微生物群落结构产生显著差异,而干湿交替强度的不同对土壤微生物群落结构没有显著影响。研究结果为预测干旱气候对黑土生态功能的影响提供了理论基础。     

低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响

【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。     

Pasture Vegetation Elemental Analysis by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.     

Faculty positions:Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Biodiversity and ecogeography of wild Lactuca spp. in some European countries

Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions.     

Macroinvertebrates in North American tallgrass prairie soils: effects of fire, mowing, and fertilization on density and biomass

The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.     

Properties of anaerobically digested and composted municipal solid waste assessed by linking soil mesofauna dynamics and nitrogen modelling

We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass, soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration, N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially (<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils, indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea.     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Variation in quality parameters between and within 14 Nordic tree fruit and berry species

Abstract

A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species.     

Potassium Fixation and Release Characteristics in Rhizosphere and Nonrhizosphere Soils for a Rapeseed–Rice Cropping Sequence

Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L^?1 nitric acid (HNO₃) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L^?1 ammonium acetate (NH₄OAc) and 1.0 mol L^?1 HNO₃ extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils.