饲喂乳杆菌雏鸡对鸡白痢菌感染的影响

雏鸡饲喂乳杆菌培养物后，人工感染鸡白痢沙门氏菌，观察雏鸡盲肠主要正常菌群定植及雏鸡抵抗力情况。研究结果表明：人工感染鸡白痢沙门氏菌后，饲喂乳杆菌组同未饲喂乳杆菌组相比，雏鸡盲肠内正常菌群有一定变化，大肠杆菌数明显降低（Ｐ＜００１），双歧杆菌和乳杆菌数明显增加（Ｐ＜００１），而且死亡率降低２０％。     

微生态制剂、环丙沙星对雏鸡消化道菌群的影响

通过微生态制剂、环丙沙星对雏鸡微生物菌群的影响 ,并对雏鸡消化道 6个部位 (嗉囔、腺胃、十二指肠、空肠、盲肠、直肠 )内容物的 8种细菌 (乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、肠球菌、消化球菌、类杆菌、棒状杆菌、大肠杆菌和梭菌 )进行了分离、计数。结果表明 ,微生态制剂能使雏鸡消化道正常菌群迅速建立 ,而环丙沙星则抑制雏鸡消化道正常菌群的形成。     

不同日龄雏鸡消化道内乳杆菌自然分布状况研究

家禽体内的正常菌群是微生物与宿主在共同历史进化过程中形成的相互依赖、相互制约的微生物生态系 ,它与家禽的营养、免疫、疫病等都有着非常密切的关系[1,2 ,3] ,乳杆菌是鸡机体内正常的重要优势种群之一 ,它对改善肠道内环境 ,维持家禽消化道内正常的微生态平衡 ,抑制病原菌的定居繁殖有着十分重要的意义 ,为了搞清雏鸡体内乳杆菌的自然分布情况 ,进而通过肠道微环境重组技术提高家禽的抗病力 ,我们对不同日龄 (3、7、1 6、2 5、39日龄 )雏鸡消化道的不同部位(嗉囊、十二指肠、小肠中段、盲肠 )的乳杆菌的分布及数量进行了研究 ,现将结果…     

双歧杆菌对雏鸡肠道杯状细胞数量及黏蛋白2含量的影响

本试验应用过碘酸雪夫染色法、荧光定量PCR、间接酶联免疫吸附试验对饲喂双歧杆菌后雏鸡肠道杯状细胞数量、MUC2 mRNA表达量及肠液黏蛋白2(MUC2)含量变化进行研究,揭示双歧杆菌对雏鸡局部黏膜免疫的影响。结果发现,饲喂双歧杆菌后1~18 d雏鸡肠道杯状细胞数量、MUC2 mRNA表达量及肠液MUC2含量不同程度高于对照雏鸡。其中,回肠杯状细胞数量、MUC2 mRNA及肠液MUC2含量于饲喂后1~4 d明显高于对照雏鸡(P0.05或P0.01);结直肠MUC2mRNA于饲喂后1~7 d极显著高于对照雏鸡(P0.01)。结果表明,双歧杆菌能增加雏鸡肠道杯状细胞数量,提高MUC2的分泌量,增强雏鸡肠道黏膜免疫功能。     

中草药添加剂对雏鸡免疫器官及肠道组织的影响

利用腹腔接种法建立雏鸡常见细菌(鸡白痢沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、巴氏杆菌)的感染模型,并设置对照组分别在饲料中添加不同剂量的复方中草药饲料添加剂,观察其对各组感染雏鸡免疫器官指数及十二指肠组织内部结构的影响.     

应用正常雏鸡分离的乳杆菌防治鸡白痢的研究

为了寻找适合防治鸡白痢病的乳杆菌(Lactobacillus)以取代通常所用的土霉素、呋喃唑酮,降低养鸡成本,在原来工作的基础上,1981年春重新从咸宁市郊区正常雏鸡粪便中分离到三株乳杆菌。这些菌株具有乳杆菌属的特征,而又不同于该属的其他种。根据其形态、培养特征及生理生化特性的研究,认为是一种乳杆菌,因其来源于雏鸡,暂称为雏鸡乳杆菌(Lactobacillus gallinaceus),分别为Lactobacillus gallinaceus——23(简称 LG—23)、Lactobacillus gallinaceus——30(简称LG—30)、Lactobacillus gallinaceus——16(简称LQ——16)。 并与上述药物的疗效作了对比试验。经1250只雏鸡自然发生白痢病的防治试验,有效率达96.8％;以280只雏鸡人工接种鸡白痢沙门氏菌(S.pullorum)后的药效对比试验,保护率达92.9％,优越于土霉素、呋喃唑酮的药效;以120只雏鸡与单项制剂、用强毒对比试验,保护率达89.7—93.4％。     

干酪乳杆菌与氟苯尼考对肉雏鸡生长性能及免疫力影响的比较研究

为比较肉雏鸡在饮水中添加干酪乳杆菌与氟苯尼考对肉雏鸡生长性能与免疫力的影响,本试验选取1日龄肉鸡120只,随机分为3个处理组,分别为对照组、干酪乳杆菌组、氟苯尼考组,每个处理组4个重复,每个重复10只,试验期为21 d,检测不同阶段各处理组的平均日增重、料重比、免疫器官指数、外周血IgG含量、盲肠sIgA含量、淋巴细胞增殖能力。结果显示,饮水中添加干酪乳杆菌对肉雏鸡体重、平均日增重、平均日采食量影响不显著,添加氟苯尼考显著抑制了肉雏鸡的生长性能(P0.05),二者对肉雏鸡料重比的影响均差异不显著。添加干酪乳杆菌对肉雏鸡免疫器官指数影响不显著,但显著提高了肉雏鸡外周血IgG含量、盲肠sIgA含量以及外周血淋巴细胞增殖能力(P0.05),添加氟苯尼考显著抑制了肉雏鸡的免疫水平(P0.05)。结果表明新进肉雏鸡在饮水中添加氟苯尼考对雏鸡的生长性能及免疫力有显著的抑制作用,应减少使用,而添加干酪乳杆菌对提高雏鸡免疫力是有益的。     

不同剂型乳酸菌制剂对肉雏鸡生长性能和盲肠菌群的影响

本研究探讨了不同剂型的乳酸菌发酵制剂对肉雏鸡生长性能和盲肠菌群的影响.试验选用1日龄健康AA肉雏鸡240只随机分成4组,每组5个重复,每个重复12只鸡.Ⅰ组为草乳杆菌固体制剂组,饲喂基础日粮+0.2%草乳杆菌固体制剂;Ⅱ组为草乳杆菌液体制剂组,饲喂基础日粮+草乳杆菌液体制剂;Ⅲ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;Ⅳ组为抗生素组,饲喂基础日粮+0.01%黄霉素,试验期为28 d.结果表明,通过饲喂草乳杆菌制剂可以显著提高1～4周龄肉雏鸡的平均日增重,降低料重比(P＜0.05),并且液体制剂的效果要优于固体制剂;与抗生素组相比,饲喂草乳杆菌液体制剂能显著增加盲肠内乳酸菌的数量(P＜0.05),显著抑制盲肠内大肠杆菌的繁殖(P＜0.05).     

甜叶菊绿原酸发酵液对雏鸡肠道菌群的影响

试验旨在开发绿原酸发酵液作为新型饲用抗生素替代产品。将不同浓度甜叶菊绿原酸、杜仲绿原酸与布氏乳杆菌共同发酵培养,采用平板菌落计数法,根据布氏乳杆菌的OD600和活菌数,绘制布氏乳杆菌14 h的生长曲线和pH值变化曲线,筛选出绿原酸发酵液最佳协同发酵浓度和发酵时间。通过大肠杆菌感染试验,检测绿原酸发酵液对雏鸡大肠杆菌病的保护作用、含药血清抑菌效果、肠道菌群的调节作用,确定临床最佳保护浓度。结果显示,1.0 mg/ml甜叶菊绿原酸和布氏乳杆菌协同发酵8 h的产物饲喂雏鸡,可有效降低雏鸡盲肠中大肠杆菌数量,促进乳酸菌、乳杆菌、双歧杆菌等有益菌群的增殖,降低雏鸡大肠杆菌感染的死亡率,但含药血清没有明显的抑菌效果。说明甜叶菊绿原酸与布氏乳杆菌协同发酵可以促进雏鸡肠道有益菌群的增殖,提高动物机体的免疫力。     

硫酸粘杆菌素对雏鸡红细胞的影响

通过测定红细胞C3b受体(C3bR)花环率和免疫复合物(IC)花环率,研究了不同添加剂量的硫酸粘杆菌素对雏鸡红细胞免疫功能的影响。试验分为5组,分别为I组(基础日粮对照组)、II组(基础日粮+20mg/kg硫酸粘杆菌素试验组)、III组(基础日粮+40mg/kg硫酸粘杆菌素试验组)、IV组(基础日粮+60mg/kg硫酸粘杆菌素试验组)和V组(基础日粮+80mg/kg硫酸粘杆菌素试验组),结果表明,随日龄和剂量增加,雏鸡红细胞C3b受体花环率和免疫复合物花环率下降,说明不同剂量硫酸粘杆菌素均可不同程度导致雏鸡免疫功能受损,其中80mg/kg添加组最为明显。     

Comparisons of Angus, Charolais, Galloway, Hereford, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, Salers, and Shorthorn breeds for weight, weight adjusted for condition score, height, and condition score of cows

Breed differences for weight (CW), height (CH), and condition score (CS) were estimated from records (n = 12,188) of 2- to 6-yr-old cows (n = 744) from Cycle IV of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center's Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. Cows were produced from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, and Salers sires. Samples of Angus and Hereford sires were 1) reference sires born from 1962 through 1970 and 2) 1980s sires born in 1980 through 1987. The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breedgroup as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects associated with the cow. Differences among breed groups were significant (P < 0.05) for all traits and were maintained through maturity with few interchanges in ranking. The order of F1 cows for weight was as follows: Charolais (506 to 635 kg for different ages), Shorthorn and Salers, reciprocal Hereford-Angus (HA) with 1980s sires, Nellore, HA with reference sires, Galloway, Piedmontese, and Longhorn (412 to 525 kg for different ages). Order for height was as follows: Nellore (136 to 140 cm), Charolais, Shorthorn, Salers, HA with 1980s sires, Piedmontese, Longhorn, Galloway and HA with reference sires (126 to 128 cm). Hereford and Angus cows with reference sires were generally lighter than those with 1980s sires. In general, breed differences for height followed those for weight except that F1 Nellore cows were tallest, which may in part be due to Bos taurus-Bos indicus heterosis for size.     

Supplementation of broodmares with copper, zinc, iron, manganese, cobalt, iodine, and selenium

In experiment 1, 6 pregnant mares received a concentrate that contained a trace mineral premix that provided 14.3 mg Cu, 40 mg Zn, 28 mg Fe, 28 mg Mn, 0.08 mg Co, 0.16 mg I, and 0.16 mg Se/kg concentrate (group A). Seven mares received the same concentrate plus 502 mg Zn and 127 mg Cu once daily (group B). No differences (P > .05) in foal growth data, or Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum were observed. In experiment 2, 6 pregnant mares received the same concentrate as group A (group C), and 8 mares received the same concentrate fortified with 4× the trace mineral premix (group D). Group C mares had higher serum Zn concentration at 1 day (P < 0.01) and 56 days (P < 0.04). Group C mares had higher milk Fe concentration at 28 days (P < .01), and group D mares had higher milk Cu concentration at 56 days (P < .01). Group C foals had higher serum Cu concentration at 14 days (P < .03). The results from this study provide no evidence to indicate that supplementing late gestating and lactating mares with higher dietary trace mineral levels than those recommended currently by NRC has any influence on foal growth and development, or on the Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of the mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum.     

Concentrations of strontium,barium, cadmium,copper, zinc,manganese, chromium,antimony, selenium,and lead in the liver and kidneys of dogs according to age,gender, and the occurrence of chronic kidney disease

This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), and lead (Pb) in canine liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla, and the association of these concentrations with age, gender, and occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Tissues from 50 dogs were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cu, Zn, and Mn levels were highest in the liver followed by the renal cortex and renal medulla. The highest Sr, Cd, and Se concentrations were measured in the renal cortex while lower levels were found in the renal medulla and liver. Female dogs had higher tissue concentrations of Sr (liver and renal medulla), Cd (liver), Zn (liver and renal cortex), Cr (liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla), and Pb (liver) than male animals. Except for Mn and Sb, age-dependent variations were observed for all element concentrations in the canine tissues. Hepatic Cd and Cr concentrations were higher in dogs with CKD. In conclusion, the present results provide new knowledge about the storage of specific elements in canine liver and kidneys, and can be considered important reference data for diagnostic methods and further investigations.     

电感耦合等离子-质谱法测定饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅

应用电感耦合等离子-质谱技术(ICP-MS),建立饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅等元素的测定方法。对饲料样品的前处理方法、仪器工作参数和11种元素标准曲线进行优化;并以加标回收、分析方法比对和重复测试说明方法的准确性和精密性。方法在0～1 000 ng/ml范围内线性良好,仪器检出限为0.557 7～5.072 ng/ml,具有良好的精密度,其回收率在88.1%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于5.0%。同时与原子吸收和原子荧光方法进行比对,测定结果相近。所建立的方法简单、快速,可替代原子吸收和原子荧光方法测定饲料中的11种金属元素,为饲料的质量控制提供理想的元素分析方法。     

Granulocyte isolation from whole blood of goat, sheep, cattle, horse, dog, pig, and man

A simple two step procedure for the isolation of caprine, ovine, bovine, equine, canine, porcine and human peripheral blood granulocytes is described. After enrichment of granulocytes by centrifugation, contaminating erythrocytes are lysed hypotonically. Recovery, purity, and viability of the granulocyte suspensions are determined. FACScan analysis of the cell suspensions measuring cellular size by forward and sideward light scatter is compared with the corresponding analysis of whole blood leukocytes. Constituencies of the isolated cell suspensions and loss of granulocyte subpopulations through isolation procedure is discussed with regard to granulocyte function assays.     

Department of Clinical Veterinary Practices, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4

Circular excised skin wounds in the thoracic and metatarsal regions of the dog were studied. A similar sequence of events took place in the two regions although differences did occur due to the different reactions of the tissues which surrounded the wounds. None of the wound cavities became filled with exudate during the early stages of healing. In the thoracic wounds the cavities were largely filled by the swelling and inward movement of adipose tissue. Epithelium first grew on the wound surface in the sector of the wound that was situated in the direction of hair flow. The average time to complete epithelization was similar in both sets of wounds. A zone of alopecia developed around the wounds.