催乳素(PRL)和生长激素(GH )基因对高邮鸭产蛋性能的遗传效应分析

分别采用PCR-RFLP和PCR-SSCP方法检测催乳素(PRL)和生长激素(GH)基因的多态性,并分析了PRL和GH基因与高邮鸭产蛋性能的关系。结果表明：①PRL基因内含子1经酶切得出3种基因型AA/AB/BB,等位基因A/B频率分别为0.226/0.774;经测序发现PRL基因内含子1在1 326 bp处发生T→C突变。GH基因外显子4经SSCP分析显示3种基因型CC/CD/DD,等位基因C/D基因频率分别为0.222/0.778;经测序发现GH基因外显子4在3 701 bp处发生C→T突变。②PRL内含子1多态与高邮鸭的30周龄蛋重存在极显著关联(P <0.01);PRL多态与双黄蛋率显著关联(P <0.05);GH基因多态与最长连产天数和双黄率间相关性达显著性水平(P <0.05)。     

促性腺激素释放激素基因(GnRH)和生长激素基因(GH)对番鸭产蛋性能的遗传效应分析

促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)和生长激素(GH)分别是下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴(HPG)与GH/IGF轴分泌的激素,共同参与调控动物的繁殖性能。本研究以白羽番鸭(Cairina moschata)RF系为实验材料,采用PCR-SSCP技术进行基因分型,同时建立适合的线性统计模型,分析基因型与产蛋性能的关联性。结果表明,GnRH基因5’调控区检测到3种基因型AA/AB/BB,经测序比对AA型与BB型相比发生G→A突变,不同基因型与300日龄产蛋数和最大连产天数均显著相关(P<0.05),与开产日龄无显著相关(P>0.05);GH基因内含子3检测到3种基因型CC/CD/DD,经测序比对CC型与DD型相比发生A→G突变,不同基因型与最长连产天数显著相关(P<0.05),与300日龄产蛋数和开产日龄均无显著相关(P>0.05)。两个基因发挥作用的方式主要为加性效应,GnRH基因对300日龄产蛋数和最大连产天数的加性效应值分别为-3.53和-3.33,GH基因对最大连产天数的加性效应值为-2.44。推测GnRH和GH基因是与繁殖主效基因紧密连锁的标记基因。     

边鸡胰岛素样生长因子1基因（IGF-1）外显子3的多态性及其与繁殖性能的关系

根据GenBank中发表的鸡胰岛素样生长因子1基因(IGF-1)的序列针对外显子2和外显子3分别设计1对引物,采用PCR-SSCP技术检测边鸡(Gallus gallus)及2个对照群体(京海黄鸡(Gallus gallus)和尤溪麻鸡(Gallus gallus))的单核苷酸多态性,并与边鸡的繁殖性能进行相关性分析.结果表明,3个品种在IGF-1外显子2中未检测到多态,而在外显子3中都检测到3种基因型(AA,AB和BB).在边鸡和京海黄鸡中A等位基因为优势等位基因,而在尤溪麻鸡中B等位基因为优势等位基因.克隆测序表明,AA型与BB型相比有两处突变(93A→G和148G→A),其中148 bp处的突变导致氨基酸由谷氨酸变为赖氨酸,通过与Gen-Bank中的鸡IGF-1基因序列比对,发现两处突变分别位于IGF-1基因外显子3的62 bp和117 bp.最小二乘分析表明,AA与BB基因型个体300日龄的产蛋数存在显著差异(P<0.05).     

鸡卵细胞卵黄生成受体基因(ovr)SNPs检测及其与蛋用性状的关联分析

以6个鸡(Gallus gallus)品种混交群体390个个体为研究材料,采用PCR-SSCP、PCR-RF-SSCP及测序的方法进行鸡卵细胞卵黄生成受体(occyte vitellogenesis receptor,ovr)基因内含子单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)位点筛选,并与鸡群蛋用性状进行关联分析.结果表明,在鸡ovr基因中发现内含子2T3967G,内含子7C8099T和A8296G,内含子9A8839T和G9084A共5个突变位点;其中内含子2HinfⅠ突变位点与开产日龄和蛋壳厚度相关极显著(P＜0.01),与产蛋量、蛋重和蛋黄比例相关显著(P＜0.05);3种基因型中订个体在开产日龄、平均产蛋量、蛋重、蛋黄比例等方面都优于其它基因型个体.研究结果证实了ovr基因对鸡的产蛋性能和蛋品质性状有重要的影响.     

牛糖基化依赖细胞黏附分子1基因(G1yCAM1)的遗传多态性分析

以中国荷斯坦牛、鲁西黄牛和渤海黑牛为研究材料.利用CRS-PCR、PCR-SSCP及DNA测序技术检测了糖基化依赖细胞黏附分子l基因(GlyCAMl)的遗传多态性.结果表明,在牛ClyCAMl基因外显子3的第2081(A/C)和内含子3的2417(C/T)位点存在突变.两位点在3个牛群中的等位基因频率A/B分别为0.7525/0.2475、O.6112/0.3888和0.3375/0.6625;0.9046/0.0954、O.8383/0.1617和0.7875/0.2125;经х2适合性检验,3个牛群在内含子3的突变达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>O.05),在外显子3鲁西黄牛和渤海黑牛达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>O.05),中国荷斯坦牛的突变在此位点未达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P相似文献   

鸭脂联素基因多态对肉质和血清生化指标的影响

脂联素在调控动物脂质代谢过程中起着重要作用。根据鸭脂联素基因序列设计1对特异引物扩增兴义鸭和三穗鸭脂联素基因内含子1和部分外显子2,采用SSCP法和DNA直接测序技术检测其多态,分析多态对鸭肉质和血清生化指标的影响。结果显示,在2个鸭群体中均检测到3种基因型BB、BC和CC,等位基因B和C,B均为优势等位基因,多态信息含量均表现为中度多态,卡方检验显示基因型分布均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态（p〉0.05）;不同基因型序列比对发现2个SNPs：内含子1的295C〉T突变和外显子2的456T〉C沉默突变;最小二乘分析显示,BB基因型个体的肌内脂肪、血清白蛋白、血清甘油三酯和血清总胆固醇显著高于CC基因型个体（p〈0.05）,表明该多态座位可能对鸭脂肪沉积有一定影响。     

猪ZAR1基因变异及其对产仔数的影响

根据合子阻滞因子1(zygotearrest 1,ZAR1)基因GenBank的DNA序列(DQ231443,gi:83727928)设计2对引物,用直接测序和PCR-SSCP相结合的方法,进行单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)检测,分析该基因在5个品种猪(小梅山、清平、杜洛克、长白和大白)中变异特征及其与产仔数的相关性。测序后在内含子2、3和外显子3中存在6个SNP及在内含子3中存在1处5bp的插入/缺失变异。在5个品种猪群中,对外显子3中的第54碱基处C→T突变(Exon3-BstUⅠ)和内含子3中的5个碱基插入/缺失的变异(Intron3-TspRⅠ)进行了PCR-RFLP检测,并与产仔数进行了关联分析,结果表明,Exon3-BstUⅠ多态对杜洛克母猪第1胎和2胎总产仔数产生显著(P<0.05)影响,对经产母猪总产仔数产生极显著(P<0.01)影响,对经产母猪的产活仔数影响极显著(P<0.01),携带CC基因型母猪的产仔数均高于TT基因型的;Intron3-TspRⅠ多态对杜洛克母猪第1胎和经产胎次总产仔数和产活仔数有显著(P<0.05)影响,NN基因型高于MN和MM基因型的产仔数。     

不同肉牛品种中乙酰辅酶A:二酰甘油酰基转移酶基因(DGAT1)遗传多态性及对胴体性状的影响

本研究采用PCR-SSCP方法研究了3个黄牛(Bos taurus)品种(鲁西牛、晋南牛和秦川牛)及4个杂交肉牛(夏洛莱×鲁西牛、安格斯×鲁西牛、利木赞×鲁西牛和西门塔尔×鲁西牛)群体乙酰辅酶A:二酰甘油酰基转移酶基因(DGAT1)第17 exon和3'UTR的多态性.在3'UTR有5个碱基突变位点,分别位于8 402 bp(C→T)、8 414 bp(A→C)、8 445 bp(T→C)、8 465 bp(A→G)和8 545 bp(G→A),并且8 402 bp处碱基突变属首次发现.x2检验的结果表明,在该基因座位7个群体均处于Hardy-Weinberg不平衡状态(P<0.05或P<0.01).经DUNCAN'S检验表明在该基因座位上BB基因型个体的宰前体重、胴体重、眼肌面积、膘度和日增重均显著高于CC基因型的个体,而CC基因型个体的大理石花纹、背膘厚度和肌内脂肪含量均显著高于BB型个体.研究表明,DGAT1基因的等位基因B与肉牛的眼肌面积等胴体性状相关,等位基因C与大理石花纹、背膘厚度、肌内脂肪含量等肉质性状相关.     

牛类胰岛素生长因子结合蛋白3基因PCR-SSCP分析

采用PCR-SSCP技术分析了牛类胰岛素生长因子结合蛋白3(IGFBP3)基因在南阳牛、鲁西牛和中国西门塔尔牛3个牛品种中的遗传多态性。结果表明:IGFBP3的第3外显子不存在遗传多态性;第2外显子在3个牛品种中检测到了AA、AB和BB基因型,而且A等位基因为3个牛群体的优势等位基因,分布较高。3个品种中,中国西门塔尔牛AA基因型频率最高,达到0.6615,而鲁西牛和南阳牛则相对较低,分别为0.4043和0.3095。对第2外显子的多态片段测序分析表明:位于IGFBP3基因第8069bp处发生单碱基突变T→C,并导致了苯丙氨酸变为亮氨酸。     

斑点叉尾(鱼回)趋化因子基因SCYA113内含子1的多态性分析

运用变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(DPAGE)和PCR产物测序技术检测斑点叉尾(鱼回)(Ictalums punctatus)CC趋化因子基因SCYAll3内含子l的序列长度和多态性.在3个群体的60个个体中,斑点叉尾(鱼回)CC趋化SCYA113内含子1存在15种单元型和8种长度类型,长度类型分别为A、B、C、D、E、F、G和H型.对这8种序列进行比对分析发现,斑点又尾(鱼回)SCYA113内含子1长度为395～443 bp.8种长度类型中A、G、T、c的平均百分比分别为30.01%、15.43%、38.37%和16.19%,而且G+C(31.62%)含量明显小于A+T(68.38%)含量.内含子1与外显子1和2的连接处存在真核基因中mRNA剪接的识别信号GT/AG;引起长度变化的主要原因是短串联重复序列(微卫星序列)TTc和TTA引起的;除了微卫星序列以外,共检测到6个突变位点,其中3个转换位点为118(C→T)、209(G→A)和250(T→c),3个颠换位点为266(T→A)、289(G→T)和387(G→C),核苷酸多样性指数(π)为0.004,平均核苷酸差异(K)为1.576;在变异水平上,3个群体表现出一定的遗传差异,84群体中检测到8种长度类型和14种基因型.97群体中检测到8种长度类型和1O种基因型,04群体中6种长度类型和1O种基因型(缺少A、B等位基因).从3个群体60个个体拥有22种频率较低(O.017～0.150)的基因型可以看出,斑点叉尾(鱼回)的遗传基因资源较为丰富.     

Identification of oxidation products of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and (-)-epigallocatechin with H(2)O(2)

(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) are two important antioxidants in tea. They also display some antitumor activities, and these activities are believed to be mainly due to their antioxidative effects. However, the specific mechanisms of antioxidant action of tea catechins remain unclear. In this study are isolated and identified two novel reaction products of EGCG and one product of EGC when they were reacted separately with H(2)O(2). These products are formed by the oxidation and decarboxylation of the A ring in the catechin molecule. This study provides unequivocal proof that the A ring of EGCG and EGC may also be an antioxidant site. This study also indicates an additional reaction pathway for the oxidation chemistry of tea catechins.     

Excretion of (14)C-fumonisin B(1), (14)C-hydrolyzed fumonisin B(1), and (14)C-fumonisin B(1)-fructose in rats.

14C-Fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) was produced by Fusarium proliferatum M-5991 in modified Myro liquid medium and purified to >95% purity with a specific activity of 1.7 mCi/mmol. Nine male and nine female F344/N rats were each dosed by gavage with 0.69 micromol of (14)C-FB(1), (14)C-hydrolyzed FB(1), or (14)C-FB(1)-fructose/kg body weight. Urinary excretion of (14)C-FB(1) and (14)C-FB(1)-fructose was 0.5% and 4.4% of the total dose, respectively, and was similar between male and female rats. Urinary excretion of (14)C-hydrolyzed HFB(1) was significantly greater (P > 0.05) in female rats as compared with male rats (17.3% vs 12.8% of the total dose, respectively). There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in biliary excretion of the three fumonisin compounds with a mean of 1. 4% of the dose excreted at 4 h after dosing. Lesser amounts continued to be excreted up to 9.25 h after dosing. Although biliary excretion of the (14)C-FB(1), (14)C-hydrolyzed FB(1), and (14)C-FB(1)-fructose was similar, increased urinary excretion of the (14)C-hydrolyzed FB(1) as compared to (14)C-FB(1) and (14)C-FB(1)-fructose indicated a greater absorption of the hydrolyzed form.     

Chemoenzymatic synthesis of homochiral (R)- and (S)-karahanaenol from (R)-limonene

Terpinolene oxide, a monoterpene belonging to the p-menthane group, is easily derived from naturally abundant (R)-limonene. It was isomerized with montmorillonite clay catalyst to karahanaenone (2,2, 5-trimethylcyclohept-4-en-1-one) by ring enlargement. The enantiomers of the corresponding alcohol, karahanaenol (2,2, 5-trimethylcyclohept-4-en-1- ol), known for their individual organoleptic properties, were resolved through Pseudomonas cepacia lipase mediated enantiospecific alcoholysis of its acetate derivative.     

(三唑基-~(14)C-)粉锈宁的标记合成

本文报道了(三唑基-14C)-粉锈宁的制备。由14C-甲酸和重碳酸氨基胍形成(5-14C)-3-氨基-1,2,4-三唑,再经重氮化脱氨得到(5-14C)-1,2,4-三唑,最后再与对氯酚和二氯片呐酮反应得到(三唑基-14C)-粉锈宁。放化收率为26％(从甲酸-14C计),放化纯度大于95％。     

Theoretical speciation of ethylenediamine-N-(o-hydroxyphenylacetic)-N'-(p-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid (o,p-EDDHA) in agronomic conditions

The presence of ethylenediamine-N-(o-hydroxyphenylacetic)-N'-(p-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid (o,p-EDDHA) as the second largest component in commercial EDDHA iron chelates has recently been demonstrated. Here is reported the speciation of o,p-EDDHA by the application of a novel methodology through the determination of the complexing capacity, protonation, and Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Cu(2+), and Fe(3+) stability constants. The pM values and species distribution in solution, hydroponic, and soil conditions were obtained. Due to the para position of one phenol group in o,p-EDDHA, the protonation constants and Ca and Mg stability constants have different values from those of o,o-EDDHA and p,p-EDDHA regioisomers. o,p-EDDHA/Fe(3+) stability constants are higher than those of EDTA/Fe(3+) but lower than those of o,o-EDDHA/Fe(3+). The sequence obtained for pFe is o,o-EDDHA/Fe(3+) >/= o,p-EDDHA/Fe(3+) > EDTA/Fe(3+). o,p-EDDHA/Fe(3+) can be used as an iron chelate in hydroponic conditions. Also, it can be used in soils with limited Cu availability.     

Binding studies of oxovanadium(V) with ovalbumins (OA)

The effect of protein oxovanadium(V) ion concentration and pH on the ratio of diffusion current (id/id₀) was studied in vanadium(V) ovalbumin-S and denatured ovalbumin systems. In both the cases marked decrease in diffusion current was observed at the respective pH values, indicating that binding takes place with cationic groups of the proteins. The binding sites (n) were found to be pH dependent. The uniformity of logK and ΔG ⁰ value at all pH values indicated the involvement of same sites in interaction. Furthermore, the linear scatchard plots in both the systems supported the involvement of single class of independent sites in oxovanadium(V) anion interaction. The difference in binding sites (n) has been attributed to the folded structure of ovalbumin-S while unfolded one of denatured ovalbumin.     

Effect of pH on interaction between As(III) or As(V) and manganese(IV) oxide

The efficiency of As(III) oxidation by MnO₂, and retention of oxidation products varies with system pH. Maximum retention by hydrous Mn(IV) oxide occurs at pH < 5, declining at higher pH to about half total As at pH 10. The adsorption capacities of pyrolusite and cryptomelane at pH ～6.5 for As(V) species were 10 and 25 mmol kg^?1, respectively. HMO surface saturation (～10 mmol kg^?1) was reached with equilibrium As(V) levels of 5 to 8 × 10^?6 M but this was supplemented at higher levels by an absorption process where uptake increased linearly with concentration (e.g., 68 mmol kg^?1 with 2 × 10^?5 M As(V)). Added As(III) was avidly oxidized and most product retained at pH 3. At higher pH increasing amounts of As(III) remained unoxidized due to initial reactions apparently blocking access to internal pores. Added Na⁺ reduced the amount of As retained by the HMO, with the phosphate salt having a significant effect. Extraction studies confirmed that most As could be released by exposure to reducing agents or chelating agents (EDTA). The environmental significance of the results has been considered.