节节麦与野燕麦8倍体杂种核型分析

节节麦(Aegilops tauschii(Coss.)Sch.2n=2x=14)与通北野燕麦(Avena fatua L.2n=6x=42)杂交,F_1自然加倍成8倍体,8倍体播成的F_2代,遗传性基本一致,PMC镜检表明,染色体数为2n=28Ⅱ。用F_2所结的种子进行根尖细胞核型分析,结果发现8倍体中包含有全套的节节麦和野燕麦的染色体。节节麦中有1对随体染色体.2对近中部着丝点染色体,4对中部着丝点染色体。野燕麦有3对随体染色体,5对近端着丝点染色体,8对近中部着丝点染色体,5对中部着丝点染色体。而节节麦与野燕麦8倍体杂种,有4对随体染色体,5对近端着丝点染色体.10对近中部着丝点染色体,9对中部着丝点染色体。核型分析结果表明,节节麦与野燕麦杂交合成的8倍体,是节节麦与野燕麦的双二倍体。     

麦田恶性杂草节节麦的综合防控措施

进入新世纪以来,一些地方忽视植物检疫,长期将小麦、玉米连作,化学除草用药单一,对新的杂草防控重视不够,等等,这些做法都导致小麦主产区大面积麦田禾本科恶性杂草节节麦的发生日益严重,在一些地方甚至泛滥成灾,节节麦的为害已成为我国小麦产量、品质和效益提高的严     

麦田恶性杂草节节麦的发生与防治

介绍了节节麦的发生特点及发生原因,提出包括严控传播繁殖途径、提高田间麦苗竞争力、改善耕作方式在内的农业防治措施,并提出相关化学防治方法。     

麦田恶性杂草节节麦的危害与防除研究

介绍了节节麦的形态特征与习性,分析了节节麦的发生原因与产生的危害,提出了节节麦的综合防除技术措施。     

麦田恶性杂草节节麦的防治技术

近10年来,随着农业高新科技、作物新品种研发推广,尤其是农业机械精量播种、收获、秸秆还田普及,农业劳动力投入和强度大大降低,势必使农民放松了小麦生产管理环节,导使恶性杂草节节麦在韩城市发生面积不断扩大,到2011年节节麦发生面积接近4500hm2,占到全市小麦面积的34%,极力控制节节麦危害蔓延是当务之急。     

溪黄草染色体核型分析

采用酶解去壁低渗法对溪黄草的体细胞染色体进行核型分析.结果表明:溪黄草的核型公式为2n=2X=24=14m +6 sm +4 st,染色体相对长度组成为2n=24=13M2+9M1 +2S,染色体组型为“2A”型.这一细胞学结果可作为溪黄草与其它种的区分依据,同时也为其开发和利用奠定理论基础.     

香葱染色体核型分析

为探索香葱染色体核型特点,采用滴片技术获得3个香葱品种的根尖细胞染色体片子,并进行染色体核型分析。结果表明,3个香葱品种均为二倍体,染色体数目为2n=2x=16,平坝白葱的染色体较赫章黑葱和赫章红葱粗短,呈近椭圆形。赫章黑葱的核型公式为2n=2x=14 m+2 sm, 16条染色体中臂比大于2的染色体占总染色体数的12.5%,核型不对称系数为59.06%,核型类型为2A;赫章红葱的核型公式为2n=2x=12 m+4 sm, 16条染色体中臂比大于2的染色体占总染色体数的12.5%,核型不对称系数为59.16%,核型类型为2A;平坝香葱的核型公式为2n=2x=14 m+2 st, 16条染色体中臂比大于2的染色体占总染色体数的12.5%,核型不对称系数为57.10%,核型类型为2A。3个品种中进化程度最高的是赫章红葱,最低的是平坝白葱。     

小麦种子繁殖与节节麦的防治

近年来节节麦对小麦生产的危害呈现增长趋势,种子生产流通环节也成为节节麦扩散的一种主要途径。加强种子繁育各环节的防治与管控,是减少扩散、降低节节麦发展危害的有效途径。在小麦种子繁育过程中,加强繁种基地的严选、原始繁材的把控、扩繁过程中的防控、加工储存流通等环节的检验,是提高种子质量、断绝种子生产流通中节节麦扩散的主要方法。田间综合防治技术结合优质良种的持续使用,能够切断节节麦的传播,减少其对小麦生产所造成的危害。     

Inheritance of threshability in synthetic hexaploid (Triticum turgidum×T. tauschii) by T. aestivum crosses

Triticum tauschii provides breeders with a valuable source of resistance and tolerance genes. Elucidation of the inheritance of traits in this species that hinder its use in breeding programmes is therefore of interest to wheat breeders. Inheritance of threshability was investigated in the crosses of four non-free-threshing (NFT) synthetic hexaploids (Triticum turgidum×T. tauschii) and two free-threshing (FT) T. aestivum cultivars during four crop seasons over 3 years at E1 Batan and Ciudad Obregon, Mexico. The parents, their F₁ Hybrids and individual F₂ plant-derived F₃ progenies of the crosses revealed that ‘Altar 84’/T. tauschii (219), ‘Chen’/T. tauschii (205), ‘Chen’/T. tauschii (224), and ‘Duergand’/T. tauschii (214) have independently segregating loci with two dominant alleles controlling threshability. Intercrosses among the synthetics, except ‘Altar 84’/T. tauschii (219), showed the genes to be allelic to each other. The cross between the FT cultivars showed no segregation in the F₃ generation, indicating common recessive genes. Based on these findings, population sizes of the synthetic-derived breeding materials should be increased to improve the chances of selecting FT desirable plants in the programme.     

渥丹百合不同居群核型研究

采用染色体常规压片的方法,对渥丹百合(Lilium. concolor Salisb.)4个居群进行了染色体核型分析,结果表明,有斑百合BH27 (L. concolor var. buschianum Baker.) 和有斑百合BH41 (L. concolor var. buschianum Baker.)核型分别为2n=2x=4m(2SAT)+4st+16t(2SAT)和2n=2x=4m(4SAT)+12st+8t(4SAT),黄花渥丹BH20(L. concolor var. concolor f. coridion Kitag.) 核型为2n=2x=4m(4SAT)+4st+16t(4SAT),大花百合BH50 (L. concolor var. megalanthum Wang et Tang) 核型为2n＝2x=4m(4SAT)+6st(2SAT)+14t(4SAT);其核型分类都属于3B型,但结构变异明显,主要表现在染色体相对长度、臂比、次缢痕数目及分布。     

Culture selected somaclonal variation in five Triticum aestivum L. genotypes

Somaclones (R₃ and R₄ generations) regenerated from five winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes were evaluated for variation in agronomic and morphological characters. Immature embryos were used as initial explant material. Comparisons for plant height, top internode length, spike length, number of seeds per spike and 100 seed weight were made between the somaclones and their parents. Some morphological variations of stem and spike characteristics were registered which demonstrate that plant height and spike length can be changed by using immature embryo culture. The results obtained may be considered a biotechnological contribution to wheat plant improvement. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

冬小麦PLD对低温胁迫刺激的响应研究

摘 要：在冬小麦生长的幼苗期,应用人工霜箱研究了低温胁迫刺激对PLD（phospholipase D,PLD）活性变化的影响。结果表明,在种子萌发及幼苗生长阶段,PLD在生长旺盛的叶片组织中活性最高;响应于低温胁迫刺激,PLD在数分钟内被迅速激活,抗寒型品种与低温敏感型品种中PLD的活性变化规律存在差异,推测PLD参与低温信号传导途径。     

普通小麦辐射敏感性的多样性模糊聚类分析

研究采用４９个普通小麦品种组成的样本群体，对小麦辐射敏感性进行了模糊聚类分析。结果表明，小麦辐射敏感性呈连续性变异，表现为丰富的多样性。     

内蒙古乌审马染色体核型研究

采用外周血淋巴细胞培养方法和常规染色体制备技术，对内蒙古乌审马染色体核型进行了分析研究。结果表明：乌审马染色体核型2n=64，雌性核型为64，XX；雄性核型为64，XY。32对染色体中，31对常染色体，1对性染色体；常染色体中，13对为亚中和中着丝粒染色体，18对为端着丝粒染色体；X染色体为较大的亚中部着丝点染色体，Y染色体为最小的端着丝点染色体。通过对乌审马的染色体核型分析，为其分子原位杂交及基因定位奠定基础。     

Genetic mapping of the Acph1 locus in Aegilops tauschii

The Acph1 locus of Aegilops tauschii encodes a new electrophoretically ‘fast’ acid phosphatase, whose allelic variation could well be involved in intraspecies differentiation. Genetic mapping via microsatellite (simple sequence repeat) analysis revealed that Acph1 is tightly linked with the marker Xgwm157 near the centromere region of chromosome 2.     

硬粒小麦与偏凸山羊草部分双二倍体的核型研究

通过硬粒小麦（AABB,2n＝28）与偏凸山羊草（DDMvMv,Zn＝28）杂交,今成选育出遗传上相对稳定的部分双二倍体。利用核型分析,初步鉴定出该部分双二倍体具有编凸山羊草的染色体组,从而证实了杂种的真实性。该部分双二倍体的获得为将硬粒小麦,特别是偏凸山羊草的优异基因向小麦转移奠定了基础。     

Performance of Selected Strains of 'Farro' (Triticum monococcum L., Triticum dicoccum Schübler, Triticum Spelta L.) and Durum Wheat (Triticum Durum Desf. cv. Trinakria) in the Difficult Flat Environment of Southern Italy

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of three species of unhulled-wheat (Triticum monococcum L., Triticum dicoccum Schubler and Triticum spelta L.) with respect to durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf. cv. Trinakria) in southern Italy's flat environment.
As far as yield is concerned, the mean yield was significantly different among species. Durum wheat yielded 16.1 %, 37.6% and 69.5 % more than dicoccum, spelta and monococcum species, respectively.
Among unhulled-wheat species, only Triticum dicoccum showed some similarity with durum wheat, such as one-thousand kernels weight, plant height and number of spikes per m².
Among the factors studied, the days to reach heading represented the factor that mostly influenced yield     

小麦供锌状况对叶片结构及叶绿体超微结构的影响

锌缺乏或过量使小麦叶肉细胞变小,多环复式细胞显著减少。缺锌植株的叶绿体中基粒垛数少,基粒垛叠片层少,基质片层少,部分片层膨胀;叶绿体内包含较大的液泡和淀粉“泡”;叶绿体被膜模糊,甚至消失.锌过量则使小麦的叶绿体变小,基粒和基质片层明显减少,部分片层膨胀,亲锇颗粒多;在叶绿体周围线粒体出现较多.