甘薯茎线虫病的发生与防治

甘薯茎线虫病近年在荥阳市发生日趋严重。在调查研究的基础上,提出包括严格执行检疫措施、培育无病薯种薯苗、轮作防病等多项防治措施,以防止病害进一步扩大蔓延。     

甘薯茎线虫病的发生与防治

甘薯茎线虫病俗称糠心病、空心病、糠梆子、黑梆子、糠裂皮、糠皮病等,主要危害薯块,其次危害薯苗和薯蔓基部,可使甘薯严重减产,一般减产幅度为20％～ 30％,严重者可达50％以上.介绍了甘薯茎线虫病的发生规律及发病症状,并提出了防治措施.     

甘薯茎线虫病的危害与防治措施

甘薯茎线虫病的危害与防治措施徐德坤，王琪，张玉东，李敬瑞，段希运（山东省临沂市农业局２７６００１）（沂水县农业局）甘薯茎线虫病是危及甘薯生产的一种毁灭性病害，是国内植物检疫对象。近年来在我市危害十分严重，已成为发展甘薯生产的主要障碍，影响甘薯的产量和...     

甘薯良种推广和茎线虫病防治

我国常年甘薯种植面积较大，约占世界甘薯种植面积的７０％～７５％。甘薯生产及其加工业在我国国民经济中一直占有重要位置。据调查，我国甘薯消费比例为：工业加工用约４５％，饲用３５％左右，食用２８％。近年来加工用的比例有所提高。随着我国农业产业结构的调整，甘薯已由粮食作物转为经济作物，其加工产品也变成保健食品。国际上对甘薯的营养保健作用倍加重视，在中国也正被人民所认识。因地制宜发展甘薯生产，对提高农民的种植效益，促进畜牧业和轻化工业的发展有着重要的作用。因此推广优良品种，特别在茎线虫病严重危害的地区，如…     

紫色甘薯茎线虫病防治药剂筛选试验

为研究不同药剂对紫甘薯茎线虫病的防治效果,分别于2013、2014年,采用大田试验种植‘济黑薯1号’和‘南紫薯014’,比较30%辛硫磷微胶囊悬浮剂、5%涕灭威颗粒剂和5%特丁硫磷颗粒剂防治紫薯茎线虫病的效果。结果表明,从病薯数、病薯率、病情指数和鲜薯产量等方面综合评价,施用30%的辛硫磷微胶囊悬浮剂7.5 mL/m~2,可以达到控制紫薯茎线虫病的最佳效果,且辛硫磷符合绿色农业发展需求,具有推广应用的价值。     

甘薯糠腐茎线虫病组织病理学扫描电镜研究

利用扫描电子显微镜对被甘薯糠腐茎线虫（ＤｉｔｙｌｅｎｃｈｕｓｄｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｏｒＴｈｏｒｎｅ）侵染的甘薯组织细胞的损伤情况进行了观察,结果表明：与健康甘薯相比,轻一中度侵染的病薯细胞失水,雏缩,细胞间隙加大,淀粉粒颗粒变小,大部分细胞出现及变形等病理变化,同时可见许多正在侵染的线虫;患病严重的薯块内细胞严重失水,皱缩,细胞间呈现大的空隙,维管组织变形,有的破碎,细胞内淀粉数量明业减少甚至完全丢失,     

鲜食甘薯茎线虫病的为害及无公害防治

随着市场对鲜食甘薯需求量的增加，甘薯身价倍增，2008年山东市场上每千克售价达2．4元，每亩种植效益达3600元以上，种植面积呈现递增的趋势。然而由于连作及管理粗放等原因，茎线虫病对鲜食甘薯的为害逐年加重，采取科学的防治方法是确保其产量及品质的关键。     

全国甘薯品种资源茎线虫病的抗性鉴定

甘薯茎线虫病(Dity lenchus destructor)在我国北方薯区发生最重,一般危害薯块可减产1～5成,严重的绝产。我们于1981～1991年对我单位现存的国内外主要甘薯品种资源进行了抗茎线虫病鉴定,旨在筛选抗源,以供育种利用。     

甘薯品种资源抗茎线虫病鉴定

１９８８～１９９３年对我所保存的５０８份甘薯品种、１１９份甘薯近缘野生种及种间杂交后代品系进行了抗茎线虫病鉴定筛选，结果表明：甘薯品种间对茎线虫病的抗性存在明显差异。抗病和高抗品种占３２．９％，感病和高感品种占５１．４％，中间型占１５．７％。三浅裂野牵牛具有抗茎线虫病的抗源。海滨野牵牛可能不具有茎线虫病抗性基因     

甘薯缺锌及防治措施

通过对甘薯缺锌原因、症状、测试诊断及防治措施的分析研究，为甘薯高产提供技术支撑。１缺锌原因作物的矿物养分供给不仅取决于土壤中这种养分的总含量，而且也取决于在任何时候都以有效形式存在的养分总量的比例。一般酸性土壤含锌量较低，而碱性土壤因其锌元素溶解度降低，有效锌也低。而且全部养分中通常只有一小部分可被吸收，所以均会出现缺锌现象。由于提高土壤pH值能降低其锌元素的可溶性，因此，对含锌量低的酸性土壤施石灰便会导致缺锌。另外施用含铜元素肥料或是大量施磷肥，也可以加剧缺锌。２缺锌症状甘薯缺锌的主要症状是其…     

Identification of molecular markers associated with sweet potato resistance to sweet potato virus disease in Kenya

Sweet potato virus disease (SPVD), a result of the co-infection of whitefly transmitted Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (genus Crinivirus, family Closteroviridae) and the aphid transmitted Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae), is the most destructive disease of sweet potato in East Africa. A study was conducted to establish if genotypes identified as resistant or susceptible to SPVD in Kenya could be distinguished using molecular markers. A total of 47 unrelated sweet potato genotypes were selected from germplasm collections and classified into two phenotypic groups as resistant or susceptible to SPVD. Genotype selection was based on disease severity or days to symptom development in plants following graft inoculation. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) marker profiles were generated for each individual and used in association studies to identify markers suitable for classifying the two pre-defined phenotypic groups. Analysis of molecular variance showed significant (P < 0.002) variation between the two groups using 206 polymorphic AFLP markers. Discriminant analysis and logistic regression statistical methods were used to select informative markers, and to develop models that would classify the two phenotypic groups. A training set of 30 genotypes consisting of 15 resistant and 15 susceptible were used to develop classification models. The remaining 17 genotypes were used as a test set. Four markers, which gave 100% correct classification of the training set and 94% correct classification of the test set, were selected by both statistical methods.     

甘薯与小麦套作对甘薯农艺性状及产量的影响

以10个不同类型的甘薯品种为试验材料,采用随机区组设计,以纯作为对照,研究小麦与甘薯行数比在3∶1和2∶1套作模式下甘薯地上部农艺性状和2种作物鲜产的变化。结果表明:参试甘薯最长蔓长比纯作减小;分枝数和茎粗因品种差异变化不尽一致;漯薯14号在3∶1模式种植时较纯作增产18.77%,漯薯15号在2∶1套作模式下较纯作增产3.99%,其余甘薯品种及小麦鲜产均不同程度下降;套作兼用型(漯薯11号和漯薯15号)甘薯品种产量更高;麦薯3∶1比2∶1套作模式更具优势。     

Flowering stimulation in sweet potato

Flower formation of most sweet potato clones in the collection at Manokwari was poor and when seed for breeding purposes was desired flowering had to be stimulated accordingly.Of various methods applied to stimulate the flowering some proved to be satisfactory. Good results were obtained in training tendrils to racks and grafting on different species of the genus Ipomoea.     

甘薯脱毒技术的研究与应用

本文论述了甘薯病毒病的发现及危害,阐明了甘薯脱毒的生物学原理,探讨了甘薯茎尖组织培养、病毒检测及脱毒试管苗的快繁技术,分析了脱毒甘薯四级生产程序及增产性能,提出了脱毒甘薯存在的问题与应用前景.     

Screening sweet potato for source potentials

Summary Screening sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas, L., for source potentials is more difficult than for sink capacities. Twenty clones were grafted to four tester varieties to screen them for source potentials in relation to sink capacities which are interdependent. Source potential of a clone was measured by its average scion effect when grafted on the four tester varieties. There were significant differences in source potentials among the twenty clones. Seven clones were selected for having high source potentials. Clone TIS 2498 was the best. Degrees of response of source to sink were estimated using the regression method for twenty clones showed significant differences and ranged from b–0.45 to b=2.06. Source potential showed significant relationship (r=0.62^**) with response of source to sink. Implication of this approach to sweet potato breeding is discussed.     

甘薯综合加工研究

本文在介绍甘薯营养保健功能基础上,简述了甘薯的综合加工技术,并对未来的研究开发重点进行了展望。     

甘薯施肥技术

甘薯适应性广,抗逆性强,是高产稳产粮食作物之一.要获得甘薯高产,就必须适时施足肥料,满足甘薯各生育阶段正常生长对养分的需求.现就甘薯需肥规律及施肥技术介绍如下,供参考.     

中国甘薯品种30年

对我国30年来审(认、鉴)定的160个甘薯品种进行分类研究,指出了品种编号的更替和意义,表明近10年选育的甘薯品种干物率平均提高了近2个百分点;食用型品种仍然占据着甘薯品种的重要地位;亲本使用频率前3位的品种是徐薯18、金山57和徐781,可作为育种的核心亲本;适宜三大区域甘薯品种类型和数量基本上适合当前我国甘薯消费水平的需求。该研究对甘薯育种工作者有很好的参考作用。