多花黑麦草品比试验报告

目前湖南农区生产中常用的多花黑麦草品种有特高、邦德、抗锈王和旺饲,通过对4个品种物候期、株高、产量、生长率、净同化率等指标的观察测定,结果表明,在生长初期,特高的生产性能最优,但生长一段时间后,邦德的生产性能明显高于特高(P0.05),抗锈王略高于特高(P0.05),旺饲的生产性能最差(P0.05)。因此,邦德是一个在生产中值得推广应用的品种。     

多花黑麦草品种比较试验

通过对现行生产中常用的4个多花黑麦草品种在昆明地区的物候期、株高、草产量、生长率、净同化率等指标的测定表明,在生长初期,特高的生产性能比其余3个品种都好,但生长一段时间后,邦德的生产性能明显超过特高(P＜0.05),抗锈王略高于特高(P＞0.05),旺饲的生产性能最差(P＜0.05).因此,邦德是一个在生产中值得推广应用的品种.     

多花黑麦草品种比较试验

通过对现行生产中常用的4个多花黑麦草品种在昆明地区的物候期、株高、草产量、生长率、净同化率等指标的规定表明,在生长初期,特高的生产性能比其余3个品种都好,但生长一段时间后,邦德的生产性能明显超过特高(P<0.05),抗锈王略高于特高(P>0.05),旺饲的生产性能最差(P<0.05)。因此,邦德是一个在生产中值得推广应用的品种。     

一年生黑麦草刈割利用后第二年长势情况的比较研究

在昆明地区对“特高”、“邦德”等7个一年生黑麦草品种第二年的生长速度、产草量、分蘖、茎叶比等进行了比较研究,结果表明:“特高”长势最好,“邦德”、“珍尼”次之,营养生长末期鲜草产量分别为6810.4kg/hm2、6206.2kg/hm2、6131.6kg/hm2。特高生长最快,营养生长早、中、晚3期的生长速度分别为0.63cm/d、0.58cm/d、0.51cm/d,始终显著高于同期的其他品种(p<0.05)。因此,在昆明地区,“特高”可作为短期一年生牧草在生产中推广应用;“邦德”、“珍尼”的生产性能仅次于“特高”,也可以适当推广应用。     

一年生黑麦草刈割利用后第二年长势情况比较研究

在昆明地区对"特高"、"邦德"等7个一年生黑麦草品种第二年的生长速度、产草量、分蘖、茎叶比等进行了比较研究,结果表明"特高"长势最好,"邦德"、"珍尼"次之,营养生长末期鲜草产量分别为6 810.4 kg/hm2、6 206.2 kg/hm2、6 131.6 kg/hm2.特高生长最快,营养生长早、中、晚3期的生长速度分别为063cm/d、0.58 cm/d、0.51 cm/d,始终显著高于同期的其他品种(p＜0.05).因此,在昆明地区,"特高"可作为短期一年生牧草在生产中推广应用;"邦德"、"珍尼"的生产性能仅次于"特高",也可以适当推广应用.     

不同品种多花黑麦草营养成分比较

对长江2号、邦德、特高、海湾、安哥斯5个多花黑麦草品种3种播种量(高22.5kg/hm2、中15kg/hm2、低7.5kg/hm2),采用随机分区设计,在山西晋中地区的生产适应性进行了试验研究。在抽穗期、成熟期测定其常规营养成分,筛选出适宜当地气候条件的优质多花黑麦草品种。结果表明,在抽穗期和成熟期,5个品种的OM含量存在显著差异(P<0.05)。CP含量随生育期的推进而降低,不同品种之间存在显著差异(P<0.05);NDF表现出逐渐上升的趋势;ADF含量表现出差异显著(P<0.05)。     

多花黑麦草品种比较试验

2005年，在四川成都双流县城郊用特高（Tetragold）、杰威（Splendor）、邦德（Abundant）、旺饲（Apance）4个品种多花黑麦草进行品种比较试验，4个品种在出苗期、分蘖期、拔节期基本相同，差距在1～2天，抽穗期杰威、邦德较特高、旺饲提前；鲜草产量特高为2543．2g／m^2，杰威为3381．21g／m^2，邦德为2636．83g／m^2，旺饲为1818．33g／m^2，杰威最高。4品种比较杰威、特高可在云、贵、川地区推广种植。     

不同播种量对晋中地区多花黑麦草产量的影响

在山西晋中地区对长江2号、邦德、特高、海湾、安哥斯5个多花黑麦草品种进行不同播种量（高22．5kg／hm^2,中15kg／hm^2和低7．5kg／hm^2）试验,结果表明：5个多花黑麦草品种均能在山西省晋中地区完成的生育期,干草产量以中等播种量的邦德产量最高。5个品种干草量由低到高依次为：邦德〈海湾〈特高〈安哥斯〈长江2号,3个播种量条件下的干草产量依次为：低播种量〈高播种量〈中播种量。     

攀枝花干热河谷地带多花黑麦草引种试验

针对攀枝花地区“稻谷—黑麦草”轮作面积逐年扩大,多花黑麦草品种少的现状,引进8个多花黑麦草品种进行品比试验研究.结果表明:参试品种物侯期差异不大,生育期为202～207d,年刈割4茬;农艺性状指标品种间存在不同程度差异显著(p＜0.05),其中绿岛、瑞奇思、特高、杰威农艺性状指标均优于其余品种;绿岛、特高、瑞奇思、杰威鲜草、干物质产量及粗蛋白含量均高于其余品种,但鲜草及干物质产量品种间差异不显著(P＞0.05).综合物候期、农艺性状、鲜草及干物质产量、营养品质指标评定,绿岛、杰威、特高、瑞奇思最适宜作为一年生黑麦草主打品种在攀枝花干热河谷地区种植推广.     

福州北峰山区黑麦草品种引种试验研究

在福州北峰山区引种4个一年生黑麦草品种邦德（Abundant）、特高（Tetragold）、抗锈王（Rustmaster）和海湾（Gulf）。结果表明：4个一年生黑麦草品种在福州北峰山区都能很好地适应当地的气候条件,完成生育期。在生长前期,处于干燥少雨的秋冬季节,特高品种生长最慢,植株平均生长速度为0．41cm／d,海湾、邦德的生长速度最快,分别达到0．58和0．56cm／d,抗锈王为0．51cm／d。但在第1茬刈割之后,随着翌年春天雨季的来临,地温升高,黑麦草生长开始加速。在生长期内共刈割了4茬,邦德、特高、抗锈王和海湾的鲜草总产量分别达到156、171、157和158t／hm^2,其中在2-4月份黑麦草生长迅速30—50d就可以刈割一茬,而且产量很高。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein