17β─雌二醇主动免疫对公兔生殖的影响

以１７β－雌二醇－６－人血清白蛋白对新西兰公兔进行主动免疫，用ＲＩＡ检测抗体滴度和１７β－雌二醇及睾酮浓度，并检测睾丸重量和间质细胞面积。结果，试验组各兔均不同程度地产生了１７β－雌二醇抗体，其血浆１７β－雌二醇浓度极显著地低于对照组〔（２０．３±２１．６）ｎｇ／Ｌ，（１６７．７±４９．６）ｎｇ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜０．００１〕，睾酮浓度极显著地高于对照组〔（７．３±７．１）μｇ／Ｌ，（０．５２±０．２９）μｇ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜０．０１〕。每侧睾丸重量和间质细胞面积均极显著地大于对照组〔（３．９４±０．９３）ｇ和（２５２．２５±８５．７８）μｍ２，（２．９８±０．７２）ｇ和（１６１．７９±３６．４５）μｍ２，Ｐ＜０．０１和Ｐ＜０．００１〕。提示１７β－雌二醇主动免疫可望成为提高雄性动物生育力的有效途径之一     

桑尺蠖和线棉木金星尺蠖的微孢子虫对家蚕病原性和胚种传染性研究

从桑尺蠖中分离的微孢子虫，形态为长卵圆形，大小为３．５－４．１×１．６－１．９μｍ。从丝棉木金星尺蠖中分离的微孢子虫，形状为卵圆形，大小为３．２－３．７×１．６－２．１μｍ。     

周岁黑熊脾脏的组织学和组织化学研究

采用石蜡和冰冻切片方法，进行３Ｍ·Ｅ和Ｗｉｌｄｅｒ染色，并以酸性α－醋酸萘醋酶（ＡＮＡＥ）法显示Ｔ淋巴细胞的分布。结果表明：周岁黑熊（Ｓｅｌｅｎａｒｃｔｏｓｔｈｉｂｅｔａｎｕｓ）脾脏小梁较多，脾窦发育不良．动脉周围淋巴鞘发达；鞘动脉位于脾索内，靠近边缘区；椭球厚为３０－４０μｍ。ＡＮＡＥ阳性反应的淋巴细胞主要分布于白髓的中央动脉周围淋巴鞘内，其次是脾小结外周，边缘区和椭球内。     

江西鸭疫巴氏杆菌病的调查

鸭疫巴氏杆菌病又称新鸭疫,传染性浆膜炎等,是一种急性、败血性、接触性传染病。近年来,世界各地均有发生,该病主要感染２周龄－７周龄幼鸭和火鸡。该病发病率高、死亡率高,耐过鸭生长发育迟缓,经济损失严重,江西近年来大力发展“鹅鸭工程”,本文就该病在江西的流行情况进行了调查。１病原学和流行病学本病属于黄杆菌／噬纤维菌ｒＲＮＡ同源群,典型菌株是ＬＭＧ１０５４＝ＡＴＣＣ１１８４５＝ＭＣＣＭ０５６８＝ＣＣＶＧ１４２１５。本菌特征为革兰氏Ｇ－杆菌,不运动无芽胞,菌体宽０．３μｍ～０．５μｍ,长１μｍ～２．５μｍ…     

瘤胃持续模拟装置测定低质粗饲料发酵规律的研究

用瘤胃模拟技术研究不同喂料方式及不同粗饲料对发酵罐内ｐＨ值，氨氮（ＮＨ３－Ｎ）浓度，总氮（ＴＮ）浓度及挥发性脂肪酸（ＶＦＡ）的影响。选用２５ｇ喂料量，分别以稻草，羊草和麦秸为被测日粮，比较５２μｍ尼龙袋法，散放法和２５０μｍ尼龙袋法３种喂料方式对发酵罐内粗饲料发酵规律的影响。结果ｐＨ值散放法最高，２４小时为７．２８～７．５０，２５０μｍ尼龙袋法最低，为７．０５～７．１５。２４小时ＶＦＡ浓度是散放法最低，分别为稻草组２８．０９ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，羊草组３０．０４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，麦秸组２７．０１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，２５０μｍ尼龙袋法最高，分别为稻草组３１．０６ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，羊草组３２．２７ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，麦秸组３０．００ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ。结果表明３种喂料方式中２５０μｍ尼龙袋法效果最佳，３种低质粗饲料中羊草营养价值最高。     

内蒙古草原鼠害控制技术研究

在内蒙古草原上栖息着５０多种鼠,近２０年来对草原形成严重危害有布氏田鼠,长爪沙鼠和黑线仓鼠。积１３年的定期监测,前两种鼠属于群居性且数量不稳定的种类,它们的变动规律是遵循低谷－－上升－高峰－下降四个时期,其中在后三个时期折第一年能形成危害,对草原的危害是阶段性的;黑线仓鼠数量变动比较稳定,但有年度差异,数量高峰中在局部地区造成危害。切实施行以生态控制为主、药灭为长期期监测的综合防治技术,可把草原鼠     

禽多杀性巴氏杆菌单克隆抗体的制备及其基本性状研究

将多杀性巴氏杆菌（Ｐ．ｍ．）Ｃ４８－１株（Ｈｅｄｄｌｅｓｔｏｎ１型；Ｃａｒｔｅｒ分型５：Ａ）灭活后全菌免疫的ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠脾细胞与ＳＰ／０骨髓瘤细胞在ＰＥＧ１０００作用下融合。用全菌包被的间接ＥＬＩＳＡ方法检测抗体，获得了２３株能稳定分泌抗Ｐ．ｍ．１型单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞。杂交瘤细胞培养２个月和冻存３个月后复苏培养，均能稳定分泌特异性单克隆抗体。２３株腹水ＥＬＩＳＡ效价分别从１０－３—１０－１１，无免疫沉淀性，也无凝集性。Ｉｇ类型鉴定表明，３株属于ＩｇＭ，２０株属于ＩｇＧ。间接ＥＬＩＳＡ检测结果表明：２３株单抗只与Ｐ．ｍ．１型起反应，而不与Ｐ．ｍ．３、４、１６型起反应，也不与禽类易感的鸡白痢沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌、李氏杆菌起反应，具有型的特异性。用ＩＣ８Ｈ９腹水建立的夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ方法检定Ｐ．ｍ．１型菌株，其敏感性高，特异性强，也更为方便。     

甲状腺粉诱导大鼠甲亢过程中心肌微粒体ATP酶活性变化及丹参酮ⅡA …

给大鼠口服甲状腺粉,每只８ｍ ｇ／ｄ,连续３０ ｄ,大鼠出现甲亢体征,检测心肌微粒体Ｎａ＋ 、Ｋ＋ －ＡＴＰａｓｅ,Ｃａ２＋ －ＡＴＰａｓｅ 和Ｍｇ２＋ －ＡＴＰａｓｅ 活性。结果：甲状腺粉组以上各项指标分别为７．６±１．３ ,１６．５±１．８和２１．８±２．２μｍ ｏｌＰｉ／ｇＨｂ ／ｈ,均明显低于丹参酮ⅡＡ 磺酸钠组和对照组（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）;丹参酮ⅡＡ 磺酸钠组和对照组比较无显著性差别（Ｐ＞０．０５）。上述结果表明,甲状腺粉诱导甲亢过程中心肌微粒体ＡＴＰａｓｅ 活性降低;丹参酮ⅡＡ 磺酸钠对ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性具有明显保护作用     

野,家牦牛α—Am同工酶的比较研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法，分别对野牦牛和家牦牛的血清α－淀粉酶（Ａｍ）进行分离和理化性质检测。结果表明，野、家牦牛α－Ａｍ同工梅分别可分离出７条和８条电泳区带。与家牦牛相比，野牦牛α－Ａｍ同工酶的作用ｐＨ区限更宽而热稳定性较低。家牦牛Ａｍ－３的活性和相对不百分含量比野牦牛高且稳定。野、家牦牛α－Ａｍ同工酶的差异本质上是因其所处生态条件之不同而在淀粉代谢类型上新的表现出来的种属特异性，对家牦牛的品     

用氯敌鼠钠盐在松嫩草原上灭治达乌尔黄鼠的试验报告

氯敌鼠钠盐是新型抗凝血杀鼠剂，化学名称是：２－苯基对氯苯基乙酰基－１．３茚满二铜钠盐。该种杀鼠药在我省草原灭鼠工作中首次使用。因此，我们根据农业部全国畜牧兽医总站的工作安排，结合我省实际灭治草原鼠害的情况，在杜尔伯特蒙古族自治县进行了氯敌鼠钠盐灭鼠效...     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -