长链非编码RNA与疾病研究进展

长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)是指长度大于200个核苷酸,不表现出任何蛋白质编码潜能的一类RNA。lncRNA参与调控机体的生长发育、细胞凋亡、增殖和分化等,与肿瘤、心血管疾病和感染性疾病等密切相关,为lncRNA的研究能够为复杂疾病的预测、诊断和治疗提供新的依据。论文主要介绍lncRNA与疾病的相关研究进展。     

长链非编码RNA生物学研究进展

长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)作为非蛋白质编码的转录本,长度大于200个核苷酸,并缺少可预见的开放阅读框,随着高通量等技术的日益成熟,大量的lncRNA在转录组中被鉴别。但目前针对lncRNA的认识仍比较模糊,推测lncRNA可通过不同的方式起到多种生物学作用。本文将在lncRNA生物学功能、人类疾病及动物研究等方面的最新进展进行综述。     

长链非编码RNA与动物的基因表达调控

长链非编码RNA(Long noncoding RNA,lncRNA)是一类长度超过200nt的非编码RNA,没有完整的开放阅读框,不具备编码蛋白质的能力。但是最近的研究表明,lncRNA参与机体内许多重要的生理过程,如基因印记、X染色体失活等。其调节作用主要是通过DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、染色质重塑等方式影响基因的表达。同时lncRNA在疾病的发生与发展过程中影响重大,对疾病的诊断与治疗有重要的意义。因此,本文从lncRNA的生物学特性、lncRNA在表观遗传学、转录后水平、转录水平、在干细胞中的作用以及在疾病上的研究内容进行总结分析,阐述lncRNA的研究进展,为进一步研究lncRNA参与调控机体内生理过程的作用机制提供参考。     

长链非编码RNA是新的调控因子

近年来长链非编码RNA(Long non-coding RNAs,lncRNAs)在多个物种中的研究逐渐升温。lncRNAs属于非编码RNA类型,在各物种中普遍存在。研究发现,lncRNAs在发育过程中对重要相关基因具有调控作用。越是在发育复杂的高等生物体中,其基因组产生越多的lncRNAs,其与生物进化呈正相关。在本文中,综述了lncRNAs作为重要的调控因子参与胚胎发育、染色体失活、神经发育等过程,为进一步研究lncRNAs提供参考。     

肌肉发生相关长链非编码RNA研究进展

肌肉参与机体的运动、协调和体温调节等一系列生命活动,同时畜禽肌肉是人类重要的蛋白质来源。肌肉发生过程中的不同调控机制可引起肌肉发育的阶段性差异,而整个肌肉发育主要以两个时期（胚胎期和出生后）的发育状态体现。长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）是一类不具有蛋白编码能力且长度>200 nt的RNA分子。近年来,随着基因组学和分子生物学技术的高速发展,发现lncRNA广泛参与到肌肉发育的各个阶段,以多种作用机制调控肌肉的发育过程。作者介绍了肌肉的发育过程,综述了目前发现的与肌肉发育相关的lncRNAs及其作用机制,并阐述其在肌肉发育的不同阶段发挥的重要作用,为进一步研究肌肉发育相关lncRNAs提供了参考。     

长链非编码RNA的生物学功能研究进展

长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)是转录本长度超过200个核苷酸(nt)的,可在表观遗传、转录以及转录后等多层面上调控基因表达的一类RNA。高通量转录组分析结合RNA-免疫共沉淀等研究揭示了lncRNA与DNA、mRNA、miRNA和蛋白的相互作用及其过程中的重要调控功能。论文从lncRNA的概念、分类、生物学功能及其在癌症等疾病发生、发展中的作用等方面系统介绍了该领域最新研究成果,为深入研究lncRNA在机体代谢和相关疾病中的调控功能提供参考。     

长链非编码RNA调控动物脂肪沉积研究进展与趋势

长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA, lncRNA)是一类长度大于200个核苷酸,具有调控细胞增殖、分化、凋亡及自噬等多种生物学过程的非编码RNA分子。动物脂肪沉积是一个复杂而精密的程序化生物过程,受功能基因、非编码RNA和成脂相关信号通路等系列遗传因子的级联调控,其中长链非编码RNA因其重要的调控作用,近年来受到了越来越多研究的关注。该文从lncRNA生物学特性,转录水平、转录后水平和表观遗传水平等方面综述lncRNA对动物白脂沉积及棕脂产热调控的最新研究进展,以期为家畜肉品质改良提供理论依据。     

长链非编码RNA与相关信号通路的研究进展

所有生物都能通过复杂的信号通路感知和响应细胞内外环境的有害变化,从而导致基因表达和细胞功能的改变,以此来维持体内的平衡.长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)是一类长度大于200个核苷酸且不编码蛋白质的功能性RNA.大量研究表明,多种复杂的信号通路与lncRNA密切相关.lncRNA可...     

长链非编码RNA在精子发生与卵泡发育中的研究进展

长链非编码RNA(Long noncoding RNA,lncRNA)是一类长度大于200 nt,对基因表达起调控作用的非蛋白质编码RNA,其中很多已经被证明在动物生理、病理方面起到重要作用,目前lncRNA在动物繁殖方面的生物学研究较少。本文主要对lncRNA作用机制及其在精子发生和卵泡发育中的作用展开论述,为深入探究动物繁殖调控机制提供参考。     

绵羊组织特异性长链非编码RNA的鉴定与功能分析

本研究通过对绵羊不同组织的转录组分析,获得了肌肉、皮肤、脂肪组织的特异性长链非编码RNA(Long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)集合,预测了其上下游10 kb/100 kb区域内的蛋白编码基因,并基于皮尔森系数建立了lncRNA-mRNA调控网络,同时通过AnimalQTLdb数据库对可能具有重要经济性状的lncRNA进行筛选。结果表明,共预测出36340条lncRNA,基于τ指数对其进行组织特异性筛选,鉴定到213条肌肉特异性lncRNA,467条皮肤组织特异性lncRNA,295条脂肪特异性lncRNA。这三种组织特异性lncRNA的上下游基因可能分别参与调控肌肉生长、表皮发育、脂肪合成等生物学过程。通过构建的lncRNA-mRNA互作网络发现了2个重要表达模块,分别与角质化和脂肪合成相关。QTL分析表明,有14个lncRNA可能作为绵羊肌肉与脂肪相关性状的候选lncRNA。研究结果为lncRNA在绵羊育种工作中的应用提供借鉴和参考。     

Long non‐coding RNA analysis of muscular responses to testosterone deficiency in Huainan male pigs

Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participated in growth and development of skeletal muscle; however, little is known about their response to testosterone deficiency in porcine skeletal muscle. We compared lean mass related carcass traits and lncRNAs expression files in Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle between intact and castrated Huainan male pigs. The results showed that castration significantly reduced eye muscle area and lean meat percentage (P < 0.05), but increased the fat mass weight (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, 8946 lncRNAs, including 6743 intergenic lncRNAs (lincRNAs), 498 anti‐sense lncRNAs, and 1705 intronic lncRNAs, were identified in porcine LD, among which, 385 lncRNAs were considered as the differentially expressed candidates between intact groups and castrated groups (q‐value < 0.05). Functional analysis indicated that these differently expressed lncRNAs and their target genes were involved in the estrogen receptor signaling pathway and skeletal and muscular system development and function. We first detect porcine muscular lncRNA response to castration, and the results suggested that lncRNAs and their target genes participated in the regulation of testosterone deficiency‐related skeletal muscle growth.     

Long Chain Fatty Acids of Diet as Factors Influencing Reproduction in Cattle

Cattle are fed moderate amounts of long chain fatty acids (FA) with the objective to enhance lactation and growth; however, recent interest on lipid feeding to cows has focused on reproduction, immunity and health. Increasing the caloric density of the ration by fat feeding has generally improved measures of cow reproduction, but when milk yield and body weight losses were increased by fat supplementation, positive effects on reproduction were not always observed. Feeding fat has influenced reproduction by altering the size of the dominant follicle, hastening the interval to first postpartum ovulation in beef cows, increasing progesterone concentrations during the luteal phase of the oestrous cycle, modulating uterine prostaglandin (PG) synthesis, and improving oocyte and embryo quality and developmental competence. Some of these effects were altered by the type of FA fed. The polyunsaturated FA of the n-6 and n-3 families seem to have the most remarkable effects on reproductive responses of cattle, but it is not completely clear whether these effects are mediated only by them or by other potential intermediates produced during rumen biohydrogenation. Generally, feeding fat sources rich in n-6 FA during late gestation and early lactation enhanced follicle growth, uterine PG secretion, embryo quality and pregnancy in cows. Similarly, feeding n-3 FA during lactation suppressed uterine PG release, and improved embryo quality and maintenance of pregnancy. Future research ought to focus on methods to improve the delivery of specific FA and adequately powered studies should be designed to critically evaluate their effects on establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in cattle.     

长链非编码RNA及其在医学、家畜方面的研究进展

长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA, LncRNA)是一类转录本长度超过200 nt的RNA分子,没有或少有编码蛋白的能力。LncRNA参与编码基因表达调控的表观遗传机制,能够直接调控靶基因的转录与蛋白的降解等,在基因组印记、转录调控及人类疾病等方面有着广泛功能。作者着重对LncRNA的特点、分类、作用机制及其在医学和家畜方面的研究进展作一综述,最后对LncRNA在家畜方面的研究与应用进行展望。     

长链非编码RNA在肌肉发育中的作用研究进展

长链非编码RNA(long noncoding RNA, lncRNA)是一类长度大于200个核苷酸且不具有蛋白编码功能的RNA转录本,研究表明它参与了基因组印记、转录激活与干扰、转录后调控、染色体剂量补偿效应、发育调控等众多生物过程。作者就lncRNA的发现和分类、生物学功能及与肌肉发育相关lncRNA等研究进展进行了综述。     

畜禽长链非编码RNA的功能及其研究方法

长链非编码RNA（long noncoding RNA,LncRNA）是一类转录本长度超过200 nt的RNA分子,不具有编码蛋白质的能力,主要参与脂肪代谢、肌肉发育、胚胎发育、性别决定与分化等多种生物过程和疾病的调控。在LncRNA研究中,研究方法的建立和应用起着至关重要的作用。作者简述了LncRNA的生物学特性和生物学功能,重点介绍了LncRNA的主要研究方法：基因芯片、RNA-seq、Northern blotting、荧光原位杂交（FISH）、实时荧光定量PCR、RNA结构平行分析（PARS）、快速预测RNA和蛋白质相互作用（CatRAPID）等,同时介绍了LncRNA与DNA、RNA及蛋白质的相互作用的方法：RNA-pulldown、RNA结合蛋白免疫沉淀（RIP）、光活性增强的核糖核苷交联和免疫共沉淀（PAR-CLIP）、RNA反义纯化（RAP）、RNA纯化的染色质分离（CHIRP）及RNA靶标的捕获杂交分析（CHART）、交联,连接以及混合测序（CLASH）,为畜禽动物中LncRNA的研究提供借鉴。     

Function and Research Methods of Long Noncoding RNA in Livestock and Poultry

Long noncoding RNA (LncRNA) is a class of RNA molecules,which is more than 200 nt in length and not capable of encoding proteins.It mainly participates in various biological processes including lipid metabolism,muscle development,embryonic development,sex determination,differentiation and diseases control.The establishment and application of research methods plays a critical role in the research on LncRNA.The review introduces the biological characteristics and biological function of LncRNA in livestock and poultry,focusing on the research methods of LncRNA.Currently used methods in LncRNA research include gene chip,RNA-seq,Northern blotting,fluorescence in situ hybridization,Real-time quantitative PCR,parallel analysis of RNA structure (PARS) and fast predictions of RNA and protein interactions and domains (CatRAPID).In addition,the methods for analyzing the interaction of LncRNA with DNA,RNA,and protein including RNA-pulldown,RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP),photoactivatable ribonucleoside enhanced cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (PAR-CLIP),RNA antisense purifyication (RAP),chromatin isolation by RNA purification (ChIRP),capture hybridization analysis of RNA targets (CHART) and crosslinking,ligation and sequencing of hybrids (CLASH) are highlighted in order to provide a reference for research of LncRNA in livestock and poultry.