温度与稀释液pH对猪精液常温保存效果的影响

 为提高猪精液常温保存的效果,研究不同温度和稀释液pH对猪精液常温保存效果的影响。结果表明：（1）当精子活力分别为50％和30％时,配方Ⅰ与Ⅱ稀释液保存的精液,在温度为15~20 ℃条件下的精子存活时间均显著高于21~25 ℃（P<0.05）;在pH为6.5~6.9条件下的精子存活时间均显著高于6.0~6.4（P<0.05）;（2）精子顶体染色结果表明,适宜温度与pH条件下,精液保存48 h后,顶体完整率达到96%以上。研究结果表明,猪精液常温保存适宜温度为15~20 ℃,适宜PH为6.5~6.9。     

马人工授精技术试验

为加快本地马品种改良采用马人工授精技术(AI)。结果表明,Selle Francais公马射精量为118.2±14.53ml,精子密度2.01±0.06亿/ml;常温下,精液稀释液A在1、2h内存活率分别为0.75±0.02、0.4±0.04,与进口的INRA96精液稀差异不显著(P>0.05);保鲜精液低温(0~5℃)保存48h,受精成功率为61.53%,保鲜精液48h后效果较差。鲜精、保鲜精液和冷冻精液的人工授精成功率分别为80.95%、61.5%、45.5%,差异均极显著(P<0.01)。     

鸡精液稀释液缓冲能力与4℃保存鸡精子活力和畸形率的关系

为了建立可应用于生产实践的精液稀释液缓冲容量测量方法,研究不同缓冲容量的稀释液对4℃保存的鸡精液精子活力和畸形率的影响,设计渗透压和pH值接近、缓冲指数(BI)为119.6~1 147.6的10个稀释液配方进行精液保存试验。结果表明:在4℃条件下保存鸡精液时,稀释液的缓冲容量对精子活力无显著影响(P0.05)。鸡精子畸形率与稀释液的BI密切相关,3号稀释液精子畸形率极显著低于其他9个稀释液(P0.01);8号稀释液的精子畸形率极显著低于1号和10号稀释液(P0.01),显著低于2号稀释液(P0.05);4号稀释液的精子畸形率显著低于10号稀释液(P0.05),其他各稀释液间精子畸形率差异不显著(P0.05)。BI过高或过低均不利于鸡精液的低温保存。     

不同精液稀释液对微胶囊化保存的猪精子质量的影响

为了提高微胶囊化保存的猪精子质量,筛选适宜微胶囊化保存的猪精子稀释液,试验将猪精液用A、B 2种稀释液稀释为1×108个/m L浓度,利用海藻酸钠和钡离子反应制成猪精子微胶囊,测定其对微胶囊化保存猪精子质量及精子缓释率的影响。结果表明:在17℃条件下保存48小时和72小时稀释液B组的精子活率显著高于稀释液A组(P0.05),而且在保存1~72 h的各阶段,稀释液B组的精子畸形率显著低于稀释液A组(P0.05);精子在37℃条件下培养6小时和24小时稀释液B组的精子缓释率显著低于稀释液A组(P0.05)。说明稀释液B较适宜作为猪精子微胶囊化保存的稀释液。     

阿拉善型绒山羊精液稀释液配方的筛选与优化

为了提高阿拉善型绒山羊优质种公羊利用率,首先对生产中常规精液稀释液配方进行比较试验,分别用4种常用稀释液对3只配种公羊的精液4倍稀释后进行常温稀释保存试验,对精子活率进行检测,从中筛选出最优配方,再进行不同pH及不同蔗糖浓度的优化试验。结果表明,在4种常用精液稀释液中,A2组效果明显优于其他各组(P0.05),保存时间为60h;保存精液的最适pH为B3组的6.3,在12h~24h之间及48h~60h之间B3组精子活率显著(P0.05)高于其他两组;在改进后的精液稀释液配方中,最适蔗糖浓度为C2组的12mg/mL和C3组的18mg/mL,两组精子活率差异不显著(P0.05),保存时间为78h。这有利于在内蒙古草原上长距离进行精液运输,有利于优质种公羊的利用率提高。     

不同常温保存稀释液对猪精液保存效果的影响

本研究利用3种不同的常温保存稀释液对猪精液进行常温保存,测定了精子活率、有效存活时间、生存指数、pH值以及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和丙二醛(MDA)活性。结果表明:3号稀释液稀释后精子活率在第3天和第5天均显著高于其他2种稀释液(P<0.05);精子有效存活时间和生存指数显著高于2号稀释液(P<0.05);pH值在精液稀释后的第4天显著高于2号稀释液(P<0.05)。精子T-AOC在第3天和第4天显著高于1号稀释液(P<0.05),但与2号稀释液差异不显著(P>0.05);3种稀释液之间精子MDA变化差异不显著(P>0.05)。因此,3号稀释液对精子的保存效果最好,有利于猪精液的常温保存。     

火鸡精液液态低温保存

本文研究了3种稀释液在0～5℃下保存火鸡精液的效果及稀释液pH值、稀释比例和卵黄浓度对精子存活力的影响。原精及稀释精液Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ不保存时,受精率分别为71.7％,64.03％,63.29％和63.77％(P<0.05);在0～5℃下保存48h后,原精完全丧失受精率(0％),而稀释精液Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的受精率分别为52.40％,45.30％和20.33％(P<0.01)。火鸡精液在0～5℃保存过程中,pH值降低,原精比稀释精液降低程度大。在本研究条件下,pH6.5和1:3稀释最适合于火鸡精子的存活,稀释液中添加5％或10％卵黄可提高火鸡精子的存活力。     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对绵羊精液低温保存效果的影响

为研究精液稀释液中不同浓度N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)对绵羊精液低温保存效果的影响,试验用含有不同浓度(0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0 mmol/L)NAC的绵羊精液稀释液在4℃条件下保存绵羊精液,并对精子活率、有效存活时间以及48小时的精子畸形率和顶体完整率进行了检测。结果表明:在稀释液中添加1.0 mmol/L的NAC能显著提高精子有效存活时间、总存活时间和48小时精子的顶体完整率(P0.05)。说明添加1.0 mmol/L NAC的精液稀释液能显著改善绵羊精液的低温保存效果。     

不同稀释液对猪精液常温保存效果的影响

试验利用北京信邦稀释液(试验Ⅰ组)和台湾精旺稀释液(试验Ⅱ组)对猪精液进行常温保存,测定精子活率、有效存活时间、生存指数、pH值。试验结果:试验Ⅱ组稀释后第4天,精液的pH值显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P0.05),试验Ⅱ组的精液p H值始终高于试验Ⅰ组;试验Ⅱ组稀释后精子活率在第4天显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P0.05),试验Ⅱ组精子的有效存活时间与试验Ⅰ组差异不显著(P0.05)。试验结果表明,试验Ⅱ组采用的台湾精旺稀释液更有利于精液的保存,适宜大规模推广应用。     

精清浓度对马精子低温及冷冻保存效果的影响

本研究旨在比较不同精清浓度对马精子低温保存效果的影响。选取4匹4~12岁英纯血种公马,收集精液用含有不同浓度精清的稀释液进行精液低温保存或冷冻,检测保存和解冻后精液质量,评价精清浓度对马精子低温和冷冻保存效果的影响。结果表明:30%和40%浓度精清组低温保存后精液TM、PM、RAP及VAP值均显著低于0%、10%和20%精清浓度组(P0.05),10%精清浓度组低温保存24 h后TM值显著高于0%和20%精清浓度组,但保存至96 h后精液TM显著低于0%精清浓度组。不同浓度精清对精液冷冻效果的研究结果表明,含0%浓度精清组冻融后精液质量最优,随着精清浓度的增加冻融后活力及质膜完整性逐级递减。综上数据认为,进行马精液低温或冷冻保存时不添加精清可获得最理想的保存结果。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.