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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2016,(17)
为了研究夏秋季节放牧绵羊的营养状况,试验采用饱和链烷烃法,测定了新疆昭苏牧区夏秋季节放牧的新疆细毛羊牧草采食量和消化率。结果表明:夏季育成母羊和成年母羊牧草干物质采食量显著低于秋季(P0.05),牧草干物质消化率显著高于秋季(P0.05);夏季育成母羊粗蛋白消化率极显著高于秋季(P0.01),中性洗涤纤维消化率显著高于秋季(P0.05),酸性洗涤纤维和钙、磷消化率夏秋季间差异不显著(P0.05)。说明在新疆昭苏牧区,新疆细毛羊的秋季牧草干物质采食量高于夏季,夏秋两季的干物质采食量均能满足母羊对干物质的需要;由于夏秋两季牧草品质不同,羊只对秋季牧草的干物质消化率低于夏季。 相似文献
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此试验采用饱和链烷烃技术研究了2018年西藏那曲市尼玛县放牧绒山羊四季的采食组成、牧草采食量和牧草消化率。结果表明:尼玛县绒山羊春季采食的主要牧草是西藏嵩草(Kobresia tibetica Maxim)、紫花针茅(Stipa purpurea),夏季是二裂委陵菜(Potentilla bifurca Linn)、弱小火绒草(Leontopodium pusillum),秋季是青藏狗娃花(Heteropappus bowerii(Hemsl.)Griers),冬季则是青藏苔草(Carex moorcroftii Falc.Ex Boott)。育成绒山羊春、夏、秋、冬牧草干物质采食量分别为450 g、850 g、950 g、420 g,成年绒山羊分别为685 g、1 280 g、1 350 g、650 g,四季之间差异显著(P0.05),冬季牧草采食量最低。育成绒山羊春、夏、秋、冬牧草干物质消化率分别为45.85%、56.50%、50.44%、39.05%,成年绒山羊分别为50.50%、60.94%、55.52%、45.76%,四季之间差异显著(P0.05),冬季牧草消化率最低。 相似文献
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《中国草食动物科学》2015,(4)
为了探讨藏绵羊后备母羊四季放牧干物质采食情况,试验采用饱和烷烃法对藏绵羊后备母羊四季放牧采食量进行了测定。结果表明:藏绵羊后备母羊春、夏、秋、冬四季放牧干物质日采食量分别为1.27 kg±0.29 kg、1.09 kg±0.18 kg、1.24 kg±0.24 kg和0.20 kg±0.03 kg,相对放牧干物质采食量分别为4.13%、3.77%、3.41%和0.89%。其中,春季干物质采食量最高,显著高于夏季(P0.05),极显著高于冬季(P0.01),与秋季的采食量接近(P0.05);冬季干物质采食量最低,与春、夏、秋三季采食量比较,差异极显著(P0.01)。提示冬季应该对羊群进行有效补饲。 相似文献
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藏北高寒牧区放牧藏绵羊采食与消化率的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在藏北高寒牧区的不同季节对放牧藏绵羊采用人工观测法、模拟采集牧草标样法及全收粪法,观测藏绵羊的放牧行为、采食行为,并进行采食量、采食牧草营养成分和消化率测定分析。结果表明:放牧藏绵羊冬春季较夏秋季游走、采食和彷徨时间明显延长,休息时间缩短;夏季采食速度和每口采食量均高于其他两季,三季中每只日均采食量分别为(1887.2±196.4)g、(1108.3±157.6)g和(526.2±98.2)g,三季间差异极显著(P0.01);夏季牧草的粗蛋白含量极显著(P0.01)高于冬春季和秋季,粗脂肪含量冬春季牧草明显均低于夏秋季(P0.01);酸性洗涤纤维含量冬春季极显著(P0.01)高于夏秋季;三季有机物和粗蛋白质消化率均差异不显著(P0.05),中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维消化率夏季与冬春季、秋季差异显著(P0.01)。 相似文献
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甘南玛曲不同年龄欧拉型藏羊放牧采食量季节动态研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为确立高寒地区天然草地欧拉型藏羊放牧采食量的季节动态变化,本试验采用TiO2外源指示剂法和瘤胃尼龙袋法分别测定欧拉型藏羊不同季节排粪量和牧草消化率从而计算放牧采食量。结果表明:玛曲高寒草地牧草干物质消化率(DMD)和粗蛋白(CP)含量夏季显著(P < 0.05)高于冬春季与秋季;欧拉型藏羊各年龄段排粪量3季差异显著(P < 0.05)且秋季 > 夏季 > 冬春季;随着年龄增长,欧拉型藏羊三季牧草采食量均有增大的趋势,同年龄段不同季节的藏羊采食量和代谢采食量(除4岁母羊)差异显著(P < 0.05)且秋季 > 夏季 > 冬春季;各年龄段藏羊累计牧草消耗量(AFC)差异显著(P < 0.05)分别为339.37,757.58,1185.93和1655.61 kg。由此可见,牧草干机物质消化率、排粪量和采食量夏秋季较高、冬春季较低,随着年龄增大排粪量和采食量有增高的趋势。因此,在高寒牧区应提倡草地季节性畜牧业,充分考虑牧草营养与动物营养需求之间的耦合性来提高经济和生态效益。 相似文献
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放牧条件下鄂尔多斯细毛羊成年母羊四季牧草采食量测定 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了探讨鄂尔多斯细毛羊成年母羊四季放牧采食情况,实现鄂尔多斯细毛羊精准饲喂模式,采用饱和烷烃法对鄂尔多斯细毛羊成年母羊四季放牧采食量进行了测定。结果显示:鄂尔多斯细毛羊成年母羊春、夏、秋、冬四季放牧采食量分别为(2.24±0.15)kg、(3.32±0.23)kg、(1.60±0.21)kg、(0.93±0.14)kg;其中成年母羊以夏季采食量最高,显著高于(P0.05)春季和秋季,春、夏、秋3季均极显著高于冬季(P0.01)。提示:在放牧条件下,成年母羊应根据草场营养供给情况在冬季进行适当补饲。 相似文献
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不同季节藏北高寒牧区放牧藏绵羊采食与消化率的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在藏北高寒牧区不同季节对放牧藏绵羊采用人工观测法、模拟采集牧草标样法及全收粪法,观测藏绵羊的放牧行为、采食行为以及进行采食量、采食牧草营养成分和消化率测定分析。结果表明:放牧藏绵羊冬春季较夏秋季游走、采食和彷徨时间延长,休息时间缩短;夏季采食速度和每口采食量均高于其它两季,三季中每只日均采食量分别为1887.2±196.4g、1108.3±157.6g和526.2±98.2g,三季间差异极显著(P〈0.01);夏季牧草的粗蛋白(CP)含量极显著(P〈0.01)高于冬春季和秋季,粗脂肪(EE)含量冬春季牧草明显低于夏秋季(P〈0.01);酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量冬春季极显著(P〈0.01)高于夏秋季;三季表观消化率(OM)和CP消化率均差异不显著(P〉0.05),表观消化量(NDF)和ADF消化率夏季与冬春季、秋季差异显著(P〈0.01)。 相似文献
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Beran GW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,86(3-4):198-207
When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures. 相似文献
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Dekker A Dercksen D Snoep J van Wuyjckhuise L 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2007,132(18):695-701
On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures. 相似文献
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在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。 相似文献
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近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2%的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。 相似文献
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