Atypical cholinesterase gene E1a: rarity in Negroes and most Orientals

Development of a rapid screening test for atypical cholinesterase in serum enabled large-scale surveys of populations. The frequency of the heterozygous trait among Greeks, Yugoslavs, and East Indians was similar to that among United States Caucasians (2.8 to 3.3 percent). In trait frequency, U.S. Negroes were intermediate (1.05 percent) between Congolese Africans (0.29 percent) and U.S. Whites (3.3 percent). The gene was absent from or very rare in populations originating in East Asia (Taiwanese, Japanese, Filipinos, and Eskimos). Prolonged apnea during anesthesia from administration of succinylcholine caused by homozygosity for this gene, is expected to be extremely rare among populations of Negroes and East Asians.     

Catalase abnormality in a Caucasian family in the United States

An erythrocyte catalase with atypical electromigration velocity was discovered in three generations of a family of Scandinavian-British extraction. Six members are heterozygous for the hereditary autosomal character; no abnormal homozygotes were found. The condition is associated with normal erythrocyte catalase activity and with no clinical or subclinical disease.     

Gene differences between Caucasian, Negro, and Japanese populations

The numbers of gene (codon) differences per locus between two randomly chosen genomes within and between Caucasian, Negro, and Japanese populations have been estimated from gene frequency data for protein loci. The estimated number of gene differences between individuals from different populations is only slightly greater than the number between individuals from the same population.     

Hemoglobin patterns in American Indians

Two populations of North Carolina have been analyzed for hemoglobin patterns by paper electrophoresis. Of 534 Cherokee Indians, both mixed and full bloods, all showed normal hemoglobin. Lumbee Indians of less certain ethnic status had 1.7 percent of hemoglobin S, an equal amount of hemoglobin C, and one possible hemoglobin D trait among 1332 bloods studied.     

日本市场北美木材价格持续上涨供应略紧

北美锯材产品的价格大幅上涨,1月份和2月份均涨了3000日元,可以肯定的是木材价格在3月还会上涨。在3月12日举行的“日本-北美木材会议（Japan North American LumberCon ference）”在京滨的月会上获悉,铁杉（hemlock）和北美黄衫（Douglas fir,花旗松）的价格上涨了2000日元／m^3。     

美国英语与美国人的时间观

语言作为文化的一部分，是文化的重要表达形式，透过一个民族的语言层面，可以窥见这个民族的文化形态。本文试图通过分析美国英语与时间有关的用语，来探讨美国人支配、利用时间的方式，以及时间这一无声的语言在美国文化中所蕴含的意义     

美利坚民族精神与美语词汇

通过对美国外来词汇引进的描述和分析,主要论述了美利坚民族精神对美语词汇的影响。这一研究旨在进一步揭示美国文化与美国英语之间的关系,在美国英语较为盛行的全球化时代,对该问题的研究有助于加深对美国语言文化的了解。美利坚民族的包容精神使美国人能从其它语言中引进大量词汇,从而极大地增加了美国英语的词汇量并丰富了美国人的表达方式;而美利坚民族的创新精神又使美语词汇得到极大的革新,从而使其新颖、特别,有别于英式英语。     

Regulated genes in transgenic plants

Transgenic plants are an effective system for the study of regulated gene expression. Developmental control of expression can be monitored by assaying different tissues or by assaying a plant at different developmental stages. Analysis of the petunia 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene, which is highly expressed in flowers, allowed identification of an upstream region that confers tissue-specific and developmentally regulated expression. The cell specificity of expression in floral tissues has been defined by histochemical localization. This expression is contrasted to that of the 35S promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus, a nominally constitutive promoter that shows a definite specificity of expression in floral tissues. Moreover, this expression differs in transgenic hosts of different species.     

Organic Food Demand: A Focus Group Study Involving Caucasian and African-American Shoppers

A focus group study using four groups of food shoppers provides insights into consumers’ knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors regarding organic foods. Two focus groups consisted of shoppers who regularly bought organic foods and two focus groups of shoppers who predominantly purchased conventional foods. Participants in one of the conventional groups were all Caucasian; in the other they were all African-American. While familiarity with organic foods was much lower in the African-American group, its members were more receptive and positive towards organic foods. Likewise, the African-American shoppers were more accepting of price premiums for organics foods. In comparing the two organic shopper groups with the two conventional shopper groups, it was found that the former were generally more knowledgeable about organic foods. They were also more likely to follow a special diet than conventional Caucasian shoppers. However, the behavior of organic shoppers varied widely. The research supports examining social justice and access as motivations for changing policies to support organic agriculture. Lydia Zepeda is a Professor of Consumer Science at University of Wisconsin and Senior Fellow of the Center for World Affairs and the Global Economy. Her research focuses on agricultural technology adoption, farm household decision making, and consumer perceptions and behavior towards agricultural technology and food. Hui-Shung Chang is a Senior Lecturer in the School of Economics at the University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia. Her research focuses on demand analysis and agribusiness marketing. Catherine Leviten-Reid is a research assistant and graduate student in the Department of Consumer Science at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. She is interested in household behavior and sustainable community development.