褶皱臂尾轮虫低温保存技术的研究

研究了不同温度、时间组合的过渡驯化对褶皱臂尾轮虫低温保存存活率的影响。将25℃下培养的轮虫预先在10℃或15℃下分别经过24、48、96h驯化后,在4℃或0℃保存10d,观察轮虫存活率的变化状况。试验结果表明,轮虫在25℃培养温度下,经24h驯化比48h或96h驯化,其在低温保存下(4℃或0℃)最终存活率都高(P0.05);将轮虫由25℃降至15℃驯化24h后,再放入0℃保存10d,轮虫最终存活率最高,平均达42.7%,明显高于其他试验组(P0.05)。     

Nitrogen Budget for the Rotifer Brachionus plicatilis

Nitrogen ingested by the rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis (S type) is balanced by gain in body nitrogen (including reproduction), soluble excreted nitrogen, and nitrogen as egested feces. Every term in the budget was estimated independently, and measured as directly as possible. A comparison of the observed and calculated nitrogen as egested feces yielded a satisfactory result.
The nitrogen ingested by the rotifer was distributed as follows: 15.6% for growth and reproduction, 42.0% for metabolic excretion, and 42.4% as feces. From these results, it was concluded that a large proportion (84%) of the nitrogen ingested by the rotifer is transferred to water in various forms and may cause deterioration of the water quality.     

Production and Nutritional Quality of Two Small-Sized Strains of the Rotifer Brachionus plicatilis1

The rotifer Brachionus glicatilis, strain-S (from Japan) and strain-S1 (Pozuelo 1975) were mass cultured using Chlorella and bakers' yeast. Under the same feed regime, a significant increase (P < 0.001) in rotifer strain-S production (44.19 ± 8.50 individuals/mL/d) was observed compared with strain-S1 (29.64 ± 9.38 individuals/mL/d). The population growth rate was significantly higher (P> 0.001), and doubling time was significantly lower (P> 0.0001) in rotifer strain-S than in strain-S1. There was a significant decline (P> 0.001) in birth rate of strain-S rotifers in the culture system compared with strain-S1, suggesting short longevity and deterioration of the culture system while using strain-S. In general, no significant difference (P< 0.05) in the presence of ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 PUFA) in different strains of rotifers was observed.     

鸡粪浆及5种微藻对轮虫脂肪酸组成的影响

采用投喂鸡粪浆的方法培养轮虫,并与5种微藻培养轮虫的脂肪酸组成进行了比较。结果表明:鸡粪轮虫具有较高的营养价值,HUFA含量达25.9%,仅次于小球藻轮虫和新月菱形藻轮虫,EPA和DHA的含量分别为11.2%和4.4%;在5种微藻培养的轮虫中,用小球藻、新月菱形藻和球等鞭金藻培养的轮虫营养价值较高,而用微绿球藻和衣藻培养的轮虫营养价值相对较低;轮虫的脂肪酸组成受饵料影响显著,但又不完全取决于饵料。     

海洋酵母培养褶皱臂尾轮虫的脂肪酸组成研究

以两株海洋酵母（Saccharomyces sp.和Rhodotorula sp.）培养褶皱臂尾轮虫（Brachionus plicatilis）,测定其脂肪酸组成。结果表明：轮虫具有一定的合成高度不饱和脂肪酸（HUFA）的能力,但其体内HUFA含量不足1％,仍需用富含HUFA的饵粒强化,才能满足海水仔稚鱼对HUFA的需要。     

Optimum Feeding Rate of the Rotifer Brachionus plicatilis on the Marine Alga Nannochloropsis sp.

The optimum feeding rate of the rotifer Bruchionus plicutilis was investigated to determine the best conditions for growth of the rotifer, and also in order to maintain good water quality of the culture. Fifty rotifers of a large size strain were cultured individually at five food density levels of Nannoehloropsis sp. (0.5 ± 10⁶, 1.5 ± 10⁶, 3 ± 10⁶, 5 ± 10⁶, and 8 ± 10⁶ cells/ml). At each level, daily survival and offspring production were recorded until the death of the final individual. The data obtained were analyzed by the life table method. The maximum value of three growth indices (the net reproduction rate, mean life expectancy at age 0, and intrinsic rate of increase) was obtdned at the food density of 1.5 ± 10⁶ cells/ml. The ration size was calculated to be 325% (dry weight)/ day, which is equivalent to about 70% of the saturated feeding rate. It was suggested that the feeding rate should be controlled to lower than the saturated value for an efficient mass culture.     

几种单胞藻对褶皱臂尾轮虫的营养强化研究

利用气相色谱法测定了小球藻、牟氏角毛藻、球等鞭金藻和投喂不同藻类后12h的褶皱臂尾轮虫的脂肪酸含量。试验结果表明,不论是投喂单种藻类还是2种混合藻类,强化后的轮虫其体内的脂肪酸含量均发生了明显变化,其中单链脂肪酸及低度不饱和脂肪酸的含量在投喂前后没有变化,各种脂肪酸的含量界于未强化的轮虫和所投喂的单胞藻饵料含量之间。3种高度不饱和脂肪酸的含量,除了二十二碳六烯酸因在牟氏角毛藻中含量较低,在单独投喂牟氏角毛藻后的轮虫中未检测出外,其余均与其所投喂的单胞藻的脂肪酸一致;轮虫中被检出的3种高度不饱和脂肪酸的含量,在单种藻类试验组中均低于所投喂藻类的含量;在2种藻类混合试验组中界于2种单胞藻含量之间。混合藻类比单种藻类强化轮虫具有更加全面的营养效果。     

Comparison of Growth and Fatty Acids Composition of Freshwater Rotifer, Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas, Fed with Two Types of Microalgae at Different Concentrations

As algae and their concentrations are important factors for mass culture of rotifer, two experiments were conducted to find the effects of two types of algae, Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus obliquus, and three concentration of chosen algae (0.1 × 10⁶, 1 × 10⁶, and 10 × 10⁶ cells/mL) on growth and fatty acid composition of freshwater rotifer, Brachionus calyciflorus. The result of the first experiment showed that the maximum density of rotifer was significantly higher when fed with Chlorella sp. (478 individuals/mL) than fed with S. obliquus (328 individuals/mL). Mean population growth rate (r) was 0.61 and 0.44 for rotifer fed with Chlorella sp. and S. obliquus, respectively. The amount of highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) in rotifer fed with Chlorella sp. (3.32%) was relatively more than those fed with S. obliquus (2.65%). Then, Chlorella sp. was selected based on better performance. In the second experiment, the maximum rotifer density of 108 ± 8, 489 ± 47, and 493 ± 51 individuals/mL was reached after 5 d for the respective Chlorella sp. concentrations; at concentration of 10 × 10⁶ cells/mL, the maximum density of 1820 ± 47 individuals/mL was obtained. Mean growth rate at mentioned concentrations was 0.18, 0.42, and 0.51/d, respectively. Increase in algal concentration was associated with a relative increase in HUFA and decrease in monounsaturated fatty acid.     

用酵母高密度培养褶皱臂尾轮虫

用面包酵母室内高密度培养褶皱臂尾轮虫,结果发现,1.5 g/(106·d)的较高投饵量.适合于接种密度约为50个/ml的褶皱臂尾轮虫培养,而投饵量为1.0～1.2 g/(106·d)时.适合于200个/ml以上较高密度的褶皱臂尾轮虫培养.投饵量为1.5 g/(106·d)时.不适于500个/ml以上接种密度的褶皱臂尾轮虫培养.若褶皱臂尾轮虫密度继续高至1000个/ml以上,投喂量则需进一步降低至1 0 g/(106·d)以下.褶皱臂尾轮虫接种密度低至30个/ml以下时,除酵母外,适当添加一定量(1/3以上体积)的单胞藻.可提高褶皱臂尾轮虫的增殖速度,降低褶皱臂尾轮虫培育的风险.     

褶皱臂尾轮虫培养若干问题探讨

本文就轮虫生产性培养过程中接种密度、投饵量、水质、轮虫生长和营养强化等方面的问题进行探讨,认为:接种密度在用单胞藻培养时应为10～30个/ml,用酵母培养时20～50个/ml;酵母投喂量0 3～0 35g/百万,投喂量不宜过大;酵母投喂的轮虫使用前2d最好用单细胞藻类强化。     

铜锌离子对褶皱臂尾轮虫的急性毒性试验

研究了Ｃｕ＋＋、Ｚｎ＋＋对褶皱臂尾轮虫（Ｂｒａｃｈｉｏｎｕｓｐｌｉｃａｔｉｌｉｓ）的急性毒性影响。实验温度２５±１℃,轮虫对Ｃｕ＋＋的污染相当敏感,Ｃｕ＋＋２４ｈ半致死浓度为２４ｈＬＣ５０＝１４．４７μｇ／Ｌ～２１．９３μｇ／Ｌ;Ｚｎ＋＋２４ｈ半致死浓度为２４ｈＬＣ５０＝３．４０４ｍｇ／Ｌ～４．５４９ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

营口地区轮虫资源调查

通过实地调查,指出了营口地区轮虫自然资源发生的区位优势,分析了营口地区独特的生态条件,同时对轮虫的种类、产生轮虫水域的水质情况、饵料组成及其轮虫的商品特点等进行了探讨。     

养虾池排污水褶皱臂尾轮虫培养技术研究

为实现养虾污水的综合利用,结合单胞藻、褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilisO.F.Muller)(以下简称轮虫)等饵料生物增养殖特性,在污水处理的同时,又能在南方批量生产水产苗种优质开口饵料,实现增收节支,课题组在2004年养虾过程中,进行了本项研究。1条件与方法1.1池塘条件与配套     

光照、pH及盐度对褶皱臂尾轮虫培养效果的影响

研究了在不同光照周期,pH和盐度突变条件下褶皱臂尾轮虫的存活和增殖率.试验结果表明,光照对褶皱臂尾轮虫种群增殖的促进作用明显,持续光照条件下轮虫种群增殖率为持续黑暗状态的3.5倍;pH存活上限9.5,下限5.5;种群增殖最适pH为7.5～8.5;种群繁殖的最适盐度为30～35,存活的下限为15,上限为40.研究结果显示,光照对于褶皱臂尾轮虫的增殖是必要的;pH的不同对褶皱臂尾轮虫带卵量、孵化率和孵化时间均有影响.盐度突变盐差越大,褶皱臂尾轮虫的适应能力(适应所需时间和存活率)越弱.     

酵母及藻类对褶皱臂尾轮虫培养效果的比较研究

采用种群累积培养法研究了两种酵母、两种藻类对褶皱臂尾轮虫的最适投喂密度。结果表明 ,这四种饵料对褶皱臂尾轮虫的最适投喂密度 (× 10 6cell·ml-1)分别是 :干酵母 ,15 ;鲜酵母 ,5 ;微绿球藻 ,4 5 ;三角褐指藻 ,2 0。同时 ,在最适密度下比较了这四种饵料对轮虫的培养效果。结果表明 ,四种饵料对轮虫的培养效果以微绿球藻为最优 ,其它依次为三角褐指藻 ,鲜酵母 ,干酵母。实验结果显示 ,褶皱臂尾轮虫批量培养及至工厂化培养的首选饵料是微绿球藻和三角褐指藻     

褶皱臂尾轮虫室内培养及在牙鲆育苗中的应用

研究了褶皱臂尾轮虫在不同的接种密度下的生长情况,以及轮虫强化在牙鲆早苗培育中的作用。结果表明:较高的轮虫接种密度可产生高增值数,最高培育密度2380个/ml;是否添加小球藻对轮虫生长具有明显作用;在牙鲆早苗培育中,轮虫投喂前须用乳化油强化,投喂未强化轮虫组白化率达78%,成活率仅12%。     

Mass Production of Freshwater Rotifer,Brachionus calyciflorus,Under Different Diets and Regimes

ABSTRACT

The production ability of freshwater rotifer, Brachionus calyciflorus, cultured with two algal species, Chlorella vulgaris, and Spirulina platensis, and a baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, were studied using semicontinuous culture method. B. calyciflorus was fed with the above three types of food at five different concentrations (125, 250, 500,750, and 1,000 μg/mL). Among the three different types of diet, maximum production of B. calyciflorus (489.20 ±10.91 individuals/mL; P < 0.05) was obtained with C. vulgaris, followed by S. cerevisiae, and S. platensis. Moreover, in each of the three diets, the maximum rotifer production was obtained at a particular concentration (C. vulgaris, 750 μg/mL; S. cerevisiae, 750 μg/mL; and S. platensis, 500 μg/mL) beyond which the rotifer production decreased. The peak production due to C. vulgaris (489 individuals/mL) was better than S. cerevisiae (321 individuals/mL) when the number of rotifers was considered. The present study indicates that the quantity and quality of food have a significant role on the rotifer production and that C. vulgaris at 750 μg/mL appears suitable to feed to rotifers for maximal production.     

两品系褶皱臂尾轮虫种群增长及投喂河蟹苗效果的研究

采用实验生态学方法对两品系褶皱臂尾轮虫(内蒙品系和盘锦品系)的种群增长和投喂蟹苗的效果进行了比较研究。结果表明,两品系轮虫的种群增长差异不显著,两者平均瞬时增长率分别为0.42 d-1和0.40 d-1。在投喂蟹苗的效果方面,褶皱臂尾轮虫内蒙品系好于盘锦品系。用内蒙品系轮虫投喂的蟹苗,幼体变态至大眼幼体的存活率为71.65%,用盘锦品系轮虫投喂的蟹苗,变态至大眼幼体的存活率为62.50%。     

六株海洋微藻强化的酵母轮虫对中华绒螯蟹溞状幼体的影响

实验用6株海洋微藻来强化用酵母预培养的褶皱臂尾轮虫,并将强化后的轮虫投喂中华绒螯蟹的溞状幼体,以研究使用经不同食物强化后的轮虫投喂溞状幼体对溞状幼体变态时间及成活率的影响。结果表明：经过直链藻强化的轮虫投喂的溞状幼体的成活率及变态时间均优于其他海洋微藻强化的褶皱臂尾轮虫,海水蒜头藻与海水小球藻次之,酵母轮虫最差。