天祝县奶牛多发乳房炎病因分析及预防

笔者在临床上经过多年的跟踪调查、分析和治疗,总结出了我县小规模奶牛养殖中引起乳房炎的发病原因,提出了预防和治疗的有效方法,取得了较好的效果,使得农户和新建奶牛养殖场奶牛乳房炎发病得到了有效治疗和预防,取得了很好的经济效益和社会效益.     

雌性激素类物质对食品安全影响研究

雌性激素和环境类激素会严重威胁人们的身体健康,阐述了雌性激素和环境类激素的分类和来源,简述了雌性激素和环境类激素对食品安全和人类身体健康的影响,并介绍了现阶段对其检测和分析的方法。     

制剂新技术提高药物溶解性和渗透性的研究进展

本文就近年来制剂新技术在提高药物溶解性和渗透性的研究进行了回顾,介绍了各种制剂新技术改善药物溶解性和渗透性的原理,分析了各种制剂新技术的利弊和其运用到兽药领域的可行性,剖析了制剂新技术在提高药物溶解性和渗透性面临的挑战,展望了制剂新技术在提高药物溶解性和渗透性的发展方向和策略。     

柱塞泵故障分析与维修的研究

以斜盘式轴向柱塞泵和阀配流径向柱塞泵为例,分别介绍了轴向柱塞泵和径向柱塞泵的结构和工作原理,描述了柱塞泵的损坏现象,分析了损坏原因,提出了维修措施和在实用中的注意事项。     

广南壮族铜鼓文化传承和保护对策探析

少数民族文化是人类非物质文化遗产的表现形式之一,不仅传承和发展了中华民族优秀文化,还增强了民族团结和凝聚力。本文从实证角度出发,阐释了广南壮族文化的内涵以及传承和保护的必要性,分析了广南县传承和保护壮族铜鼓文化的现状和面临的问题,进而从管护职责、文化激励和教育机制等方面提出了相关对策。     

饲料企业原料采购模式创新——期现市场结合运用

饲料、养殖企业的原料成本占饲料和养殖生产成本的80%左右,做好了原料采购的工作,控制了原料来源,降低了原料成本,就相当于做好了饲料和养殖企业的经营,确保了企业的收益。近年来随饲料、养殖行业的发展,也出现和产生了一些产能和规模都较大的饲料加工和养殖生产企业。随需求和采购数量不断增大,对原料采购的重视程度越来越高,也运用和实行一些采购创新。     

喷施氨基酸硒叶面肥对梨的果实硒含量及品质的影响

以秋白梨和花盖梨为试材,研究了喷施氨基酸硒叶面肥对梨硒含量及果实品质的影响,以期为富硒梨的生产提供理论依据。结果表明,喷施氨基酸硒叶面肥600倍液极显著提高了秋白梨和花盖梨的果实硒含量,花盖梨的果实硒含量显著高于秋白梨。喷施氨基酸硒叶面肥600倍液显著提高了秋白梨和花盖梨的单果重及果实纵横径,增大了果个;显著提高了果实的总糖含量、维生素C含量,降低了可滴定酸含量和石细胞含量,改善了果实品质;显著降低了秋白梨和花盖梨的果皮强度、果皮斜率脆性、果皮韧性和果肉平均硬度,显著降低了秋白梨的果皮破裂距离,提高了果肉细度,增加了秋白梨和花盖梨的成熟度及可食性。     

广南壮族铜鼓文化传承和保护对策探析

少数民族文化是人类非物质文化遗产的表现形式之一,不仅传承和发展了中华民族优秀文化,还增强了民族团结和凝聚力.本文从实证角度出发,阐释了广南壮族文化的内涵以及传承和保护的必要性,分析了广南县传承和保护壮族铜鼓文化的现状和面临的问题,进而从管护职责、文化激励和教育机制等方面提出了相关对策.     

微型计算机软硬件维护浅谈

21世纪已经进去了数字化时代,微型计算机的应用渗透到各个领域,对微型计算机的维护和维修成为了迫切的需要。微型计算机是由软件和硬件两部分组成,本文从微型计算机的软件和硬件两方面进行了探讨,结合用例,给出了软硬件故障检测及维护方法的一般步骤和方法。     

硫酸锰生产中的成本控制

用成本控制理论作指导,全面了解企业背景、生产工艺和环境保护环节,找准各环节对成本控制的影响因素,研究和分析硫酸锰生产过程中成本控制的问题,采取相应的措施直接应用于硫酸锰生产成本控制实践。帮助企业提高了产品质量,降低了生产成本,完善了企业成本控制体系和制度,保证了成本控制体系持续、深入、有效的运行与改进,改善了环境状况,完善了生产工艺,推动了企业成本目标的实现,促进了经济效益和社会效益的全面提高。     

The effect of various flooring materials on performance and foot health of early-weaned pigs

The effects of various flooring materials on the performance and foot health of early-weaned piglets were evaluated in seven trials using 728 pigs. Pigs housed on galvanized flattened expanded metal, plastic-coated expanded metal, perforated galvanized panels, galvanized woven wire and plastic-coated woven wire had similar average daily gains, average daily feed intakes and feed/gain ratios. Foot pad scores were lower (less cuts, cracks and abrasions) for plastic-coated expanded metal, plastic-coated woven wire and perforated galvanized panels than for galvanized expanded metal and galvanized woven wire. While foot pad scores varied among flooring materials, none of the flooring materials produced lesions that resulted in any visible discomfort or inhibition of locomotion of the pigs. Correlation coefficients between individual pig body weight and foot pad scores were positively related indicating that body weight may be a factor contributing to lesion severity. Although foot pad lesions were common in the weanling pigs, with some variation due to flooring materials, there were no differential effects among the flooring materials evaluated on performance or visible comfort of the pigs.     

亚洲49个牛群体体尺性状的多元统计分析

根据亚洲４９个牛群体成年母牛８项体尺性状进行主成分分析分析与聚类，结果表明，家牛体尺性状的第一主成份的体型大小因子，占总信息量的８６．１％，同时依据主成份值特亚洲４９个捉群（Ｄ＝２．０）分为大、中、小三种类型体格。     

热研4号王草和桂闽引象草的核型分析

采用常规压片法,对热研4号王草(Pennisetum purpureum×P.americanum cv.Reyan No.4)和桂闽引象草(P.purpureumcv.Guiminyin)的染色体数目和核型进行分析,以期为狼尾草属种质资源多样性保护利用和遗传育种研究提供理论依据。结果表明,两者染色体基数均为x=7。其中,热研4号王草为三倍体,有21条染色体,核型公式2n=3x=21=21m(3SAT),染色体相对组成I.R.L=9S+3M1+3M2+6L,3条染色体含有随体;桂闽引象草为四倍体,有28条染色体,核型公式2n=4x=28=18m(2SAT)+10sm(2SAT),染色体相对组成I.R.L=10S+6M1+4M2+8L,4条染色体含有随体。热研4号王草和桂闽引象草核型不对称系数分别为60.15%和62.19%,属于1B型和1C型,其核型都属于比较原始的类型。     

Enzootic bovine leukosis application of E.L.I.S.A. technique for the detection of antibodies

A simple microplate method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (E.L.I.S.A.) for detecting antibodies to bovine leukosis virus (B.L.V.) is described. The antigen consisted of a solution containing the two major antigens of the B.L.V. (gp 51 and p 24) obtained by a technique of purification using CN-Br activated Sepharose 4B. This E.L.I.S.A. was compared with the agar gel immunodiffusion test (A.G.I.D.T.) in a study of 545 bovine sera. The total discrepancy rate between the two tests was 11% with a better sensitivity for E.L.I.S.A.     

水牛体内两种新的锡叶吸虫

1981～1983年在浙江水牛瘤胃内发现了两种新的锡叶吸虫(Ceylonocotyle)。(1)钱江锡叶吸虫(Ceylonocotyle qianjiangense se.nov.):发现于钱塘江沿岸的富阳、萧山、余姚和鄞县等地,其主要特征为两枚睾丸小而呈圆形,边缘光滑而无缺刻,前后排列并有相当间距;劳氏管和排泄管不交叉;肠支长而无扭曲;根据这些特点可与短肠锡叶吸虫(C.br-vicaeca Waug,1966)、弯肠锡叶吸虫(C.sinuccoelium Waug,1959)和侧肠锡叶吸虫(C.scolicoelium Fischoeder,1901)等相区别。(2)台州锡叶吸虫(Ceylonocotyle taizho-uense sp·nov):发现于黄岩县,其主要特征是虫体椭圆形,宽而短,体宽与体长比为1:1.87,食道甚短,肠管粗而直,肠支分叉处很细而呈肩状,可与其他锡叶吸虫相区别。     

Effects of tobacco smoke inhaltion on the tracheo-bronchial microflora of ratsEffets de l'inhalation de fumée de tabac sur la flore tracheo-bronchiale de rats

The purpose of work was to study the effects of tobacco smoke on the airway flora in rats. A study on the regional distribution, total numbers and composition of the flora suggested the following: (a) Subacute smoke exposure intensified the penetration of the flora into deeper, normally sterile portions of the airways. (b) On smoking, the predominantly D. pneumoniae type flora of normal rats was found to shift to a form in which Hemophilus sp. was most frequent. (c) Exposure to low or high nicotine content cigarettes did not particularly modify these results.     

牡荆总黄酮提取工艺优化及其对产气荚膜梭菌抑菌活性研究

【目的】 探究牡荆总黄酮的提取工艺，并探讨牡荆提取物对产气荚膜梭菌的抑菌活性。【方法】 以芦丁作为对照品，采用分光光度法对牡荆中的总黄酮含量进行测定；以总黄酮含量为考察指标，先通过单因素试验研究乙醇浓度、提取时间、提取温度、料液比4个单因素对牡荆总黄酮提取量的影响，确定单因素情况下最佳工艺的水平范围；在单因素试验基础上，通过设计L9（3⁴）正交试验，利用NaNO₂-AL （NO₃）₃-NaOH显色法对牡荆总黄酮含量进行测定，绘制标准曲线，计算回归方程，通过精密度、稳定性、重复性、加样回收率进行方法学考察，验证标准曲线。通过将试验所得数据代入标准曲线，比较得出牡荆总黄酮的最佳制备工艺，并在此基础上通过微量二倍稀释法考察其提取物对产气荚膜梭菌的抗菌活性。【结果】 牡荆总黄酮最佳提取工艺条件为：乙醇浓度60%、提取温度50 ℃、提取时间2.5 h、料液比1：35。在此最优提取条件下，牡荆总黄酮含量最高（43.17 mg/g）。其因素影响顺序为料液比>提取时间>乙醇浓度>提取温度，料液比对牡荆总黄酮含量影响最大。最佳工艺下的牡荆提取物对产气荚膜梭菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）值为7.81 μg/mL。【结论】 在乙醇浓度60%、提取温度50 ℃、提取时间2.5 h、料液比1：35的条件下提取的牡荆总黄酮含量最高，所制备提取物对产气荚膜梭菌具有较强的抑菌作用，为生产高质量的牡荆提取物提供了理论依据。     

中华血吸虫和土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫结节变种扫描电镜观察及与其它血吸虫的比较

中华血吸虫和土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫结节变种分别收集于四川和黑龙江省,按常规电镜方法处理后,以日立JSM-800扫描电镜观察并摄片.观察显示中华血吸虫体表无结节,其雄性成虫体表结构近似于日本血吸虫等亚洲血吸虫,与文献描述的采集于泰国的中华血吸虫也无明显差异.观察同时表明土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫结节变种与程氏东毕吸虫基本无差别,二者的感觉球种类与土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫一致,但数目较后者为多.同时结合已发表的有关裂体属血吸虫SEM研究结果,对裂体属血吸虫SEM超微结构特点列表进行了比较.按照Rollinson的分组方法,中华血吸虫属于无结节组,而东毕吸虫属于不带棘的有结节组.     

Suppression of immune response to sheep red blood cells in rats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

A direct haemagglutination assay for antibodies to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was used to assess the response of rats infected with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. Whereas uninfected rats showed an efficient primary and secondary immune response to SRBC, trypanosome-infected rats displayed depressed antibody response starting about six days after infection. Infected rats failed to respond to a challenge dose of SRBC given 14 days after infection while uninfected control animals responded with an increased level of antibody production. These observations showed that T. b. gambiense infection inhibited both primary and secondary immune response to SRBC in rats. The result of this experiment is very important with regard to serological methods used to detect increasing levels of antibody production for diagnosis of diseases caused by bacterial and viral pathogens. In a concurrent trypanosome infection such increasing antibody levels would not be observed, leading to inaccurate diagnosis. Thus trypanosomiasis infection should be excluded under field conditions before the value of a serological diagnosis can be fully utilized.     

Sarcocystis hardangeri and Sarcocystis rangi n. sp. from the domestic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in northern Norway

Fresh preparations of microisolated sarcocysts from striated muscle of several domestic reindeer from northern Norway were examined by light microscopy. In cardiac muscle, cysts of S. grueneri were found. In skeletal muscle, cysts of S. rangiferi, S. tarandi and S. tarandivulpes were found in all samples examined. In the abdominal muscles of some reindeer, one or two other types of cysts were found.Cysts of one type were macroscopic in size, and ovoid to cylindrical in shape. The cysts were surrounded by a 8–12 µm thick layer of fibrous material, and measured 1682×910 µm. The cysts had relatively few and irregularly distributed, 20–35 µm long, and 3–5 µm wide, linguiform cyst wall protrusions, which could only be seen after removal of the fibrous layer. These cysts were classified as cysts of S. hardangeri, a species previously described from wild reindeer in southern Norway.Cysts of the other type were long and slender, measuring 5460–12700 (8994 ± 2575) × 95–280 (180 ± 50) µm. The cysts had numerous very fine, flexible, hair-like cyst wall protrusions, which were 8–10 [xm long and less than 0.5 µm thick. These cysts are considered to belong to a new Sarcocystis species of reindeer, for which the name Sarcocystis rangi n, sp. is proposed. The reindeer is recorded as the intermediate host for 6 different species of Sarcocystis.