棉盲蝽发生规律与综合防治技术研究

棉盲蝽主要以绿盲蝽、苜蓿盲蝽、三点盲蝽、中黑盲蝽等发生危害.近几年来,由于抗虫棉的普及,对棉铃虫起到了很好的防治效果,棉田的用药次数和用药量大大减少,其生态环境发生了很大变化,使棉盲蝽由以前的次要害虫上升为主要害虫,发生危害逐年加重.     

梨网蝽危害棉花

梨网蝽(stephanitis ambigua Horva-th)(半翅目,网蝽科)又名梨军配虫。 从1978年以来,发现梨园附近的棉田有梨网蝽危害,此虫与棉盲蝽同时发生,在为害习性和棉株被害状上与棉盲蝽有5点区别:1.蝽网为害是在棉株成叶的背面,而盲蝽则在棉株的嫩头嫩尖。     

棉盲蝽种群动态及生态分布的研究

我国棉田常见的音给有11种，具有经济意义的棉盲蝽主要有6种，即绿盲蝽、中黑盲蝽、三点言蝽、苜蓿盲蝽、牧草盲蝽和赣棉盲蝽。但对棉花构成威胁的，在我县则主要是中黑盲蝽和绿育蝽。近年来，由于栽培制度等原因，致使棉田育蝽种群发生了明显变化，为有效地进行防治，笔者1991～1994年对棉田盲蝽的种群动态及生态分布进行了较详细调查研究，结果如下：一、种群发生动态1．优势种的变化自50年代末期，棉盲蝽开始上升为棉花的主要害虫之一，当时主要是绿盲蝽（LyguslucorumMeyer—Dur）为棉田优势种，约占盲蝽混合种群的90％以上。80年代中…     

彭泽棉区棉盲蝽加重发生与分析

棉盲蝽是彭泽棉区棉花上一主要叶面害虫,发生的主要种类有中黑盲蝽、绿盲蝽等。在抗虫棉推广种植以前,该虫仅在棉花的生长前期发生较重,随着抗虫棉的推广与普及,该虫在棉田内的发生明显上升,为害日趋严重,已成为当前影响棉花生产的一类重要害虫。     

Bt棉田中绿盲蝽防治技术的研究

通过设置转Bt棉综防田(种植诱集作物和适当使用农药控制害虫)、对照田(依靠自然天敌控制害虫)和化防田(使用农药控制害虫)3种处理,研究了冀南棉区绿盲蝽与捕食性天敌种群关系及绿盲蝽对棉花生长的影响。结果表明,在Bt棉田,绿盲蝽分别于6月29日、8月14日和9月4日出现了3个发生高峰。其中6月29日综防田、对照田和化防田百株发生量差异不显著(p>0.05);8月14日,对照田的百株虫量显著多于化防田和综防田。差异极显著(p<0.01);9月4日,对照田的虫量达到60头/100株,且不同类型田差异显著(p<0.05)。Bt棉生长前期和中后期,捕食性天敌在综防田的百株天敌量明显高于化防田和对照田,其中6月29日、8月29日和9月9日综防田的天敌量达65、70、75头/100株。分析3种不同类型田绿盲蝽对棉花叶危害株率、落蕾率、落铃率和成铃量影响顺序均为对照田>化防田>综防田,除化防田与综防田的落铃率无显著差异,其余均表现差异显著。     

棉花盲蝽象的发生及防治

棉花盲蝽象的发生及防治我场地处洪湖市东南的长江之畔，常年种植棉花面积１７００ｈｍ２。棉田危害的盲路象以绿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽为主。其成若虫刺吸棉株营养液，造成破头破叶和蕾铃脱落。近年来，随着耕作制度的改变，棉田中以前不被重视的盲蝽象，为害不断加重，目前已打...     

苏云金杆菌乳剂防治棉铃虫

棉绿盲蝽寄主多,活动范围广,全年发生5代。越冬卵孵化后先在棉田外取食、活动,三代起陆续迁入棉田繁殖危害。近两年,我地湖桑面积扩大,并套种蚕豆、黄花作物等,4月中下旬一代盲绿蝽若虫盛期,湖桑田内虫量极大,为绿盲蝽的主要虫源田。据观察,湖桑枝上若虫自二龄起向套种作物上转移。因此建议: 1.提倡湖桑田套种绿肥等作物,次年在一代绿盲蝽三至四龄若虫盛期埋青,不仅增加土壤肥力,并可减少虫量。要注意从四周     

赣北棉区棉盲蝽加重发生原因浅析

棉盲蝽是赣北棉区棉花的主要叶面害虫,发生的主要种类有中黑盲蝽、绿盲蝽等.在抗虫棉推广种植以前,该虫仅在棉花生长前期发生较重,对棉花产量影响较小.随着抗虫棉的大面积种植,该虫在棉田内的发生为害日趋严重,已成为当前影响棉花生产的重要害虫.     

棉盲蝽生态学特性的研究Ⅱ.棉株化学成分的含量与盲蝽为害的关系

本文根据棉盲蝽对棉株的为害特性,结合棉株不同部位化学成分含量的分析,提出盲蝽对棉株的为害程度与棉株内含氮量成正相关,即含氮量愈高,为害愈重。而与棉株内的含糖量、含水量和 pH 值的变动无关。根据上述结果,为利用合理施肥、灌溉和及时进行棉田管理等一系列农业措施,提出可以控制棉盲蝽为害的依据。     

绿盲蝽性信息素盒在棉田绿盲蝽测报与防治中的应用研究

应用绿盲蝽性信息素盒,对棉田中绿盲蝽的种群变化进行了研究.结果表明,在棉田绿盲蝽预测预报中,绿盲蝽性信息素盒是替代黑光灯或频振式测报灯的理想工具,并且可以在棉田绿盲蝽综合防治中的一种辅助措施.     

Roles of flavoproteins in degradation of mexacarbate in rats

The nature of a reductive system which actively degrades mexacarbate in the rat intestine and liver was investigated. The system is characterized by its stability against heat and protease treatments and its requirements for a flavin cofactor and an acidic pH for a maximum activity. As a result of purification and spectroscopic identification attempts the system responsible for the above reductive activity was identified to be flavoprotein. Under anerobic conditions such flavoproteinflavin cofactor systems degrade mexacarbate first to 4-N-desmethylmexacarbate and then to polar water-soluble metabolites.     

祁连山老虎沟地区高寒草甸蒸散发估算

利用祁连山老虎沟地区海拔4200m气象观测站2010年的观测资料,采用FAO Penman-Monteith公式,再利用作物系数法,对高寒草甸生长季(5月22-9月22)的蒸散发量进行估算和分析。结果发现:研究期共有124天,蒸散发总量为238.3mm,日均为1.87mm·d-1。生长初期、生长中期、生长末期的蒸散发总量依次为22.6mm,179.1mm,36.6mm,依次占研究期总量的8.4%,75.2%,15.3%。5月下旬至6月中旬,日均蒸散发量以较低水平缓慢上升;6月下旬迅速增加;6月末至7月中旬猛然回落;7月中旬至8月末,日均蒸散发量迅速上升且维持在较高水平;此后直到9月22日,缓慢减少。5-9月月蒸散发总量依次为6.6mm,46.4mm,74.5mm,77.6mm,33.1mm。     

Aetiology of Rhizoctonia in sheath blight of maize in Sichuan

Rhizoctonia isolates obtained from maize grown in commercial fields in 33 representative counties (or cities) in Sichuan province in China were characterized according to colony morphology, hyphal anastomosis and pathogenicity. Of 141 isolates, 116 were identified as R. solani , 23 as R. zeae and two as binucleate Rhizoctonia . The isolates of R. solani were assigned to four anastomosis groups (AG): AG-1-IA (101 isolates, accounting for 71.6% of the total), AG-1-IB (2, 1.4%), AG-4 (9, 6.4%) and AG-5 (4, 2.8%). The two isolates of binucleate Rhizoctonia belonged to AG-K. On maize, isolates of AG-1-IA caused typical sheath blight symptoms. Lesions produced by isolates of AG-4, AG-5, AG-1-IB and AG-K were darker than those of AG-1-IA. Rhizoctonia zeae usually caused discontinuous lesions with a dark brown margin and a brown centre on the leaf sheaths, as well as ear rot. Isolates of AG-1-IA were the most virulent to maize, with an average lesion length of approximately 15 cm. Isolates of R. zeae produced lesions approximately 12 cm long, while those of AG-4, AG-5, AG-1-IB and AG-K were progressively shorter. On potato dextrose agar (PDA; pH 6.4), the minimum temperature for mycelial growth of R. zeae isolates was 14–18°C, the maximum 38–40°C and optimum 30°C. Isolates of R. zeae did not grow on PDA (28°C) at pH 2.0, the optimum for growth being pH 6.4.     

西北地区冬季室内三种常绿植物的光合特性比较

使用Li-6400XT便携式气体交换系统的红蓝光源和液化CO_2钢瓶注入系统,模拟冬季室内较密闭环境下存在较高CO_2浓度且为弱光环境,设置CO_2浓度为600μmol·mol~(-1),并以400μmol·mol~(-1)作为对照组(CK),对绿萝(Scindapsus aureus)、鹅掌柴(Scheffera octophlla(Lour).Harins)和燕子掌(Crassula agenten Thunb.)进行光响应(Pn-PAR)曲线的测定。结果显示:在CO_2浓度600μmol·mol~(-1)下,三种植物的光饱和点(LSP)均比(CK)更早出现,绿萝和鹅掌柴总体的净光合速率(Pn)比(CK)高,燕子掌比(CK)低;绿萝的最大光合速率(Pmax)、光饱和点(LSP)和表观量子效率(YAQ)均最高,分别为5.62±0.145μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)、373.51±24.15μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)和0.041±0.003μmol·μmol~(-1),但暗呼吸速率(Rd)较低(-0.51±0.14μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1));鹅掌柴和绿萝的水分利用率(WUE)和蒸腾速率(Tr),极显著高于燕子掌(P<0.01);绿萝的叶绿素SPAD值最高(70.03±4.18),极显著高于其余两种(P<0.01)。研究表明,绿萝对光照具有最强的利用能力,且能在高CO_2浓度且干旱的环境里健康生长,并能对室内环境起到较强的增湿效应,是西北地区冬季较为理想的室内植物。     

山西省2012年蔬菜农药残留监测结果分析

本文通过对2012年山西省蔬菜农药残留监测结果的分析,找出造成山西蔬菜农药残留问题原因,并针对性的提出了解决问题的对策,为蔬菜生产提供依据。     

环流特征量指数在新疆汛期降水趋势预测中的应用

利用中国气象局气候中心下发的74类环流特征量值,通过相关分析,建立了新疆10个区域的汛期降水预测模型。结果表明:预测模型对新疆汛期降水趋势有一定的预报能力,尤其是在新疆洪涝灾害多发的伊犁及博尔塔拉蒙古自治州、北疆沿天山一带、天山山区,建立的3个区域预测模型可以作为汛期降水预测的主要工具。     

Incidence of benomyl and iprodione resistance in isolates of Botrytis cinerea in tomato crops in England and Wales in 1986

In 1986, mass-mycelial isolates of Botrytis cinerea from 67 tomato crops in England and Wales were examined for benomyl and iprodione resistance. Of the 706 isolates obtained, 62.7% were resistant to benomyl at 2μg/ml and 43.2% were resistant to iprodione at 2 μg/ml. Iprodione resistance persisted in the absence of a dicarboximide spray programme. The incidence of benomyl resistance has not decreased since the last survey in 1984 in spite of a considerable reduction in the use of benzimidazole fungicides. There were no clear indications that the use of dichlofluanid influenced the incidence of benomyl or iprodione resistance. Disease control was poorer in crops with a higher incidence of iprodione resistance.     

Viruses of pepper in plastic houses in Crete

During a survey of virus diseases affecting pepper grown in plastic houses in Crete, during 1984–1986, tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were detected. The most common virus was TMV, being present in samples of alle pepper cultivars carrying the L₁ resistance gene, while ToMV was isolated only from susceptible pepper cultivars. According to responses ofCapsicum spp. the isolates from 640 samples checked were classified into three pathotypes: P₀, P_1.2 and P_1.2.3. Results of this study show that P_1.2 represents at present the major threat to the Cretan pepper industry.Samenvatting Bij een in de jaren 1984–1986 gehouden inventarisatie van virusziekten in paprika in plastic-foliekassen op Kreta werd zowel het tabaksmozaïekvirus (TMV) als het tomatemozaïekvirus (ToMV) aangetoond. TMV kwam zeer algemeen voor: het werd aangetroffen in alle monsters van de paprikarassen met het resistentiegen L₁. ToMV werd alleen geïsoleerd uit planten van vatbare paprikarassen. Volgens de waargenomen symptomen die de isolaten van 640 monsters opCapsicum spp. vertoonden, konden de isolaten in drie pathotypen, nl. P₁, P_1,2 en P_1,2,3, worden geklassificeerd. Uit het onderzoek is gebleken dat P_1,2 de belangrijkste bedreiging vormt voor de teelt van paprika op Kreta.     

Viruses of tomato in plastic houses in Crete

Tomatoes grown in plastic houses in Crete have been inspected since 1980 for virus diseases. Plants with virus-like symptoms were checked by sap inoculation to test plants and the isolated viruses were identified by host reaction and serology. The most common viruses were, in order of frequency, tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), potato virus X, tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV), potato virus Y and cucumber mosaic virus. The large use of ToMV-resistant cultivars reduces gradually the importance of ToMV while TBSV tends to become a serious problem of tomato in Crete.Samenvatting Van 1980–1984 werden op Kreta de in plasticfolie-kassen geteelde tomaten geïnventariseerd op de aanwezigheid van virussen. Verdachte plante werden door sapinoculatie op toetsplanten onderzocht. De daarbij geïsoleerde virussen werden daarna via de symptomen op de waardplanten en serologisch geïdentificeerd. In volgorde van belangrijkheid werden de volgende virussen het meest aangetroffen: tomatemozaïekvirus, aardappelvirus X, tomatedwerggroeivirus, aardappel Y virus en komkommermozaïekvirus, De laatste jaren is door de toenemende teelt van tomaterassen met resistentie tegen tomatemozaïekvirus het belang van dit virus sterk verminderd, terwijl het tomatedwerggroeivirus een steeds ernstiger probleem lijkt te worden.     

2013年我国黏虫发生特点分析

2013年黏虫维持了2012年以来的重发态势。二代黏虫在东北、华北、黄淮局部、江南局部、西南地区普遍发生,多种作物受害严重,总体发生程度重于2012年同期,山西、河北等局部地区大发生。三代黏虫在东北、华北和黄淮局部等地偏重发生,虽然发生面积、发生程度整体上不如2012年严重,但是仍显著重于常年,并且在辽宁、山西、山东的局部地区造成严重危害。分析提出,监测防控及时到位、关键时期气象条件不利,是2013年三代黏虫发生程度轻于2012年的主要原因。