Functional,antioxidant and rheological properties of meal from immature durum wheat

Mixtures obtained by the addition to semolina of wholemeal flour derived from durum wheat kernels harvested at the milky phase were analysed for their levels of fructans, vitamin C, glutathione and for their rheological characteristics to evaluate the possibility of obtaining wholemeal with increased nutritional value for preparing functional foods, without addition of exogenous additives or antioxidants. Wholemeal from immature kernels (WIK) contained almost three times more fructans than semolina from mature kernels (SMK). Moreover, wholemeal from immature kernels contained much higher amounts of ascorbate and glutathione than SMK. Consistently, wholemeal from immature kernels also had higher total antioxidant capability than SMK. The addition of a certain percentage of WIK to SMK conferred an increased tenacity to the dough. The role of the different biochemical properties, mainly related to the ascorbate redox enzymes, of WIK versus SMK in determining the rheological properties of the mixtures is discussed.     

花后不同强度遮光对糯小麦和非糯小麦干物质积累和产量的影响

为了解糯小麦和非糯小麦对遮光的生理反应差异,在大田条件下,以非糯小麦轮选987和糯小麦农大糯50206为材料,设置3个遮光处理(不遮光、花后遮光30％和60％),研究了花后不同强度遮光对糯小麦和非糯小麦干物质积累和产量的影响.结果表明,遮光后,轮选987和农大糯50206的生物产量、籽粒产量和经济系数均显著下降.花后光照强度降低导致小麦花前营养器官干物质在花后向籽粒的转运量及其贡献率发生明显变化,同时影响籽粒灌浆进程,最终表现为粒重显著下降,且此影响存在明显的基因型差异.轮选987在遮光30％后营养器官干物质在花后向籽粒的转运量降低,遮光60％后转运量恢复至对照(不遮光)水平,转运物质对籽粒的贡献率随遮光强度的提高而增加.花后遮光抑制了农大糯50206花前营养器官干物质在花后向籽粒的转运,但未改变转运物质对籽粒的贡献率.花后弱光降低了小麦籽粒的平均灌浆速率和最大灌浆速率,轮选987的灌浆进程不受影响,却改变了农大糯50206的灌浆进程,延长了其渐增期和快增期的天数,推迟了灌浆高峰期的来临.遮光后小麦败育小穗数增多,穗粒数下降.花后遮光致使小麦产量降低的程度存在基因型差异,农大糯50206产量的降幅明显小于轮选987.     

冬小麦叶茎粒可溶性糖含量变化及其与籽粒淀粉积累的关系

在池栽条件下研究了鲁麦22和鲁麦14两个冬小麦品种旗中、倒二茎、籽粒糖含量及籽粒淀粉积累速率的变化。结果表明，小麦叶片可溶性糖和蔗糖含量在开花后15－20d出现高峰；茎可溶性总糖、蔗糖和果聚糖含量变化呈单峰曲线，最高含量亦出现在花后15－20d，而籽粒可溶性总糖和蔗糖含量在灌浆期呈下降趋势，花后20d至成熟期各器官糖含量与籽粒淀粉积累密切相关。     

灌浆期不同阶段高温胁迫对春小麦籽粒生长的影响

灌浆期短暂高温胁迫严重影响小麦产量。为了明确灌浆期不同阶段短暂高温胁迫对春小麦籽粒生长的影响,以强筋春小麦品种龙麦26和龙麦30为试材,在人工气候室(25℃/15℃)精确控温和人工温室形成绝对高温胁迫的条件下,分析了灌浆期不同阶段5d短暂高温胁迫对粒重的影响。结果表明,在灌浆期不同阶段短暂高温胁迫处理中,两个小麦品种均表现为:前期高温胁迫对粒重影响最大,达极显著水平(P0.01);随着高温胁迫处理时期的后移,粒重降低幅度逐渐减小;后期(花后25d)高温胁迫对粒重影响不显著。灌浆期缩短是导致粒重降低的主要原因。     

LC-MS analysis reveals the presence of graminan- and neo-type fructans in wheat grains

This is the first study describing the fine structure of the main, individual fructan oligosaccharides present in wheat grains. Wheat grain fructan structure was investigated in developing wheat grains and in different tissues of mature grains with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fructan oligosaccharides with a low degree of polymerization (<5) were mainly of the graminan- and inulin-type in developing wheat grains during the first week after anthesis. Starting from 14 days after anthesis, neo-type fructans, fructans with an internal glucose, were observed for the first time. Several neo-type fructan structures were identified and their portion in the total fructan pool gradually increased during grain development. In the mature kernel, almost no differences were noted between the fructan distributions of wheat flour and two wheat bran fractions enriched in either pericarp or aleurone tissue. Results are related to wheat fructan metabolizing enzymes and the nutritional implications are discussed.     

花后弱光对江汉平原稻茬小麦的产量及碳、氮分配效应的影响

为了探究连阴雨天气弱光逆境导致小麦减产的机理,于2017-2018年度对长江中下游流域适宜推广的48个小麦品种开展了灌浆期全程遮光试验（遮去自然光强的45%）,初步筛选出两个弱光敏感品种（扶麦1228和生选6号）和两个弱光钝感品种（襄麦55和扬麦158）,2018-2019年以此4个品种和江汉平原主推品种郑麦9023为供试材料,研究了开花期至成熟期遮光对小麦干物质积累与分配、植株氮素转运及籽粒产量的影响。结果表明：（1）花后遮光后小麦籽粒产量显著降低,两年度5个品种平均减产49.1%～61.1%,千粒重平均下降34.4%～42.5%,遮光对穗数和穗粒数的影响两年度均未达0.05显著水平。（2）花后遮光抑制了小麦干物质的积累,显著减少各营养器官干物质积累量,使成熟期干物质积累总量较CK平均下降23.4%,降低籽粒灌浆速率。花后遮光增大了营养器官花前同化物的转运量及其对籽粒产量的贡献率,而减少了花后光合同化物量及其贡献率,降低收获指数。（3）花后遮光后营养器官中氮素向籽粒的再分配受抑,较多的氮素滞留在营养器官中,茎鞘氮素积累量平均增加了88.0%,穗轴与颖壳次之,叶片增加了32.8%。遮光导致各营养器官花前贮存氮素向籽粒的转运量和转运效率均显著下降,使籽粒氮素积累对花后吸收氮素的依赖加大。总之,花后遮光会导致小麦显著减产,其主要原因是粒重大幅度下降;遮光加大了籽粒干物质积累对花前碳水化合物再分配的依赖,以及籽粒氮素积累对花后氮素吸收的依赖。襄麦55和扬麦158遮光条件下籽粒产量下降幅度较小,是稻麦周年高产适宜推广品种。     

施氮量对强筋小麦氮素积累和氮肥农学利用效率的影响

为探究冀东平原强筋小麦高产优质高效的最佳施氮量,在大田选用石优20号和中麦998两个强筋小麦品种,设置施氮量0 (N_0)、180 (N_1)和240 (N_2)kg·hm~(-2),研究了施氮量对强筋小麦氮素积累、转运和氮肥农学利用效率的效应。结果表明,小麦花前氮素积累量占成熟期植株地上部总氮素积累量的59%～66%,花后占34%～41%。随施氮量增加,小麦植株花前氮素积累量和转运量均提高,叶是花前氮素积累和转运的主要器官。小麦籽粒灌浆过程中,营养器官的氮素积累量逐渐下降,籽粒氮素积累量逐渐提高,营养器官氮素转运高峰与籽粒氮素积累高峰一致,石优20号为花后14～21d,中麦998为花后7～21d。施氮量从180 kg·hm~(-2)增加到240kg·hm~(-2),石优20号和中麦998的产量分别提高了6.10%和7.58%,籽粒蛋白质含量分别提高了3.68%和3.73%,而氮肥农学利用效率分别降低了25.68%和23.93%。综上所述,促进花前氮素的积累和转运可提高强筋小麦蛋白质含量;适当减少施氮量可实现强筋小麦的提质增效。本试验条件下,冀东平原强筋小麦生产的适宜施氮量为180kg·hm~(-2)。     

花后低温对小麦胚形态发育的影响

为探明花后低温对小麦胚形态发育的影响,以半冬性小麦品种烟农19和春性小麦品种扬麦15为材料,人工模拟花后低温,采用树脂切片、显微结构观察及Image-Pro Plus软件图像分析等技术,研究小麦胚在花后低温下的形态变化。结果发现：（1）低温处理后两小麦品种胚的脱氢酶活性均降低,扬麦15的降幅大于烟农19;（2）低温延迟了小麦胚的发育进程,影响胚面积的增长和结构的分化;（3）低温影响盾片细胞发育,抑制盾片上皮细胞的伸长和底部上皮细胞层数的增加,同时使薄壁细胞贮藏物质增多;（4）低温对小麦胚分化过程影响较大,对小麦胚芽分化的抑制作用较明显,对胚根分化影响不明显,同时低温还抑制胚轴细胞数目的增加、体积的增长和贮藏物质的积累;（5）低温影响胚乳输导细胞的发育,减慢输导细胞解体进程。以上结果表明,花后低温使小麦胚结构分化延迟、体积增加减慢;春性小麦胚发育进程对花后低温的响应程度大于冬性小麦。     

Poor grain filling induced by waterlogging is similar to that in abnormal early ripening in wheat in Western Japan

Abnormal early ripening (AER), a major constraint on wheat production in Western Japan, manifests as sudden leaf senescence shortly after anthesis and results in poor grain filling; this leads to smaller grains and reduced grain yield. It is suggested that overwetting of the soil may be related to AER. We conducted field experiments over 2 seasons (2008-2009 and 2009-2010) in Yamaguchi, Western Japan, with waterlogging treatment using 2 Japanese wheat cultivars, Daichinominori (Western Japanese cultivar) and Haruyutaka (Hokkaido cultivar), which differ in terms of grain growth in the environment of Western Japan. We imposed pre-anthesis waterlogging for 2 weeks in 2008-2009 and post-anthesis waterlogging throughout the grain-filling period in 2009-2010. Pre-anthesis waterlogging had no significant effect on grain yield or grain filling irrespective of cultivar. Post-anthesis waterlogging severely reduced the grain yield by 44% and 36% in Haruyutaka and Daichinominori, respectively. The yield loss was attributable to the smaller grain weight that was a result of slower grain growth rate later in the shortened grain-filling period. Post-anthesis waterlogging induced sudden leaf senescence 1 and 2 weeks after anthesis in Haruyutaka and Daichinominori, respectively, and drastically reduced the photosynthesis and ultimately dry mass accumulation. It also depressed the remobilization of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) from culms to grains leaving more residual WSCs in the culms at harvest (149 and 65 mg g⁻¹ DW in waterlogging and controls, respectively). The results indicate that the reduced grain growth due to waterlogging was attributable to decreased current assimilation and poor remobilization of culm WSCs to grain similar to that in AER plants. These results suggest that injured root function after anthesis might induce early leaf senescence and poor grain filling similar to AER wheat.     

小麦谷蛋白溶涨指数的动态变化及其净遗传增量的动态变化规律

以普通小麦京771和Pm97034及其175个重组自交系RIL（F2：8）群体为试验材料,对小麦谷蛋白溶涨指数（SIG）及其净遗传增量在籽粒灌浆到成熟的动态变化规律进行了研究。结果表明,大多数RIL后代家系SIG值的变化规律与两亲的变化规律相一致,呈现出“低～高～低～高～低”的变化趋势,即通常在花后17d和花后27d达到高峰,在花后22d左右达最低值,在成熟期SIG值略低于其最大值。不同发育阶段的SIG条件遗传分析表明,控制SIG值的基因在整个籽粒灌浆时期都有表达,大多数后代家系在花后17和27d左右是基因表达最为活跃的时期,而花后22d左右是基因表达的低谷期,各阶段基因净表达量的变化与SIG观测值的变化基本一致。     

Salinity effects on compatible solutes, antioxidants enzymes and ion content in three wheat cultivars

In order to study effects of different salinity levels on antioxidant enzyme activities, catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) associated with compatible solutes, proline and carbohydrate and mineral nutrient content in shoots, sodium and potassium, in three wheat cultivars an experiment was conducted as completely randomized 3 x 4 factorial design with three replicates in a greenhouse. Three wheat cultivars (Pishtaz, Kavir and Hamon), that differ in their salt tolerances, were grown in four different salinity levels (S0 = control, S1 = 100, S2 = 200 and S3 = 300 mM NaCl). Twenty days after wheat cultivars subjected to salt stress, data showed salinity stress induced increase in the antioxidant enzyme activities. Among the cultivars, salinity stress decreased leaf-APX but increased the activities of leaf-GPX in Pishtaz cultivar. Our results showed a positive correlation between praline accumulation and Leaf-APX (r2 = 0.56), Leaf-GPX (r2 = 0.63) and Leaf-CAT (r2 = 0.73). In these cultivars, in their shoots Na+ showed an increase in concentration with salinity that approximately matches a decrease in K+ concentration. It seems that Na+ concentrations in the shoot may have had a more significant effect on plant antioxidant enzyme activities and compatible solutes such as proline and carbohydrates. These results indicated which in wheat under salinity stress antioxidant enzymes and compatible solutes help to plant adaptation. In this study we found a positive correlation between Na+ concentration in the shoots and the antioxidant enzyme activities and compatible solutes in the leaves.     

施氮量对两个粒型小麦品种籽粒胚乳细胞增殖及糖含量的影响

为了解小麦胚乳细胞增殖、糖代谢在粒型间的差异及氮营养的调控效应,2009-2010年度以大粒型品种郑育麦9987和小粒型品种郑麦004为材料,研究了施氮量对小麦籽粒胚乳细胞增殖、细胞壁转化酶活性及糖含量的影响。结果表明,郑育麦9987胚乳细胞数(11.92×105)较郑麦004(10.73×105)多11.1%。施氮量影响籽粒胚乳细胞数,其中郑育麦9987低氮处理(150kg·hm-2)的胚乳细胞数目较高氮处理(300kg·hm-2)增加29.1%,而郑麦004则表现为高氮处理较低氮处理增加44.7%。两品种籽粒细胞壁转化酶活性均于花后5~8d达到峰值,花后20d则降到较低水平;籽粒可溶性糖和蔗糖含量均随灌浆进程整体呈先上升后下降趋势,在花后25d有一个小波峰。增施氮肥可增加籽粒细胞壁转化酶活性,提高后期籽粒可溶性糖和蔗糖含量。表明增施氮肥有利于小麦籽粒胚乳细胞增殖、光合产物的积累与运转,从而提高了粒重。     

Storage and Remobilization of Soluble Carbohydrates after Heading in Different Plant Parts of a Winter Wheat Cultivar

Abstract

Several types of water soluble carbohydrates (WSG) were traced into plant parts of a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar from heading to physiological maturity. Field grown plants were harvested at intervals of a few days and divided into grain, chaff, leaf blades, leaf sheaths, rachis + peduncle and culm internodes. Leaf blades and sheath showed the peak of WSC contents at about anthesis. Culm internodes accumulated fructan and sucrose during the early grain-filling phase, from a week after anthesis until the milk-ripe stage, then remobilized them during late and final grain filling phases, from the milk-ripe stage until maturity. The amount of sucrose known as short-term storage WSC was higher than fructan known as long-term storage WSC in each internode throughout the grain-filling phase. Chaff showed a large amount of fructan and fructose before anthesis, although it did very little sucrose. A pattern of sucrose accumulation in chaff was very different from that of fructan, unlike the other parts. These patterns of changes in WSC contents in plant organs roughly corresponded with four grain-filling phases, the initial, early, late and final phases.     

播期对四川小麦分蘖发生、消亡及成穗特性的影响

为探讨四川小麦分蘖发生、消亡与成穗规律,了解穗数形成的制约因子,在四川两个典型小麦生态区(川西平原区和川中丘陵区),以主推品种川麦104(春性)和半冬性品种川农30为材料,通过定点调查茎蘖动态,以及定株调查分蘖发生、消亡时间和叶位,研究过早播(10月16日)、早播(10月23日)、适播(10月30日)、晚播(11月6日)下小麦的分蘖成穗特性。结果表明,四川小麦分蘖发生一般持续50d左右,分蘖发生数量少且低位分蘖缺位多。平原区(温江点)小麦第1叶位分蘖发生率为61%~80%,丘陵区(仁寿点)为13%~60%;第2叶位分蘖发生率在两生态点分别为63%~98%和45%~83%;第3、第4叶位以及二级分蘖很少发生。川麦104单株分蘖数(1.4~2.4个)显著低于川农30(1.6~2.9个)。四川小麦分蘖消亡持续时间长,从拔节一直持续到开花,分蘖消亡率高达50%以上,花后也还有8.0%~19.4%的分蘖消亡,其中川麦104分蘖消亡各期(拔节-孕穗、孕穗-抽穗、抽穗-开花)比较均衡,川农30分蘖消亡集中在孕穗-抽穗阶段(占总消亡率的43.9%)。四川小麦分蘖成穗率低,平原区和丘陵区分别为27.7%~48.8%和9.0%~19.4%,其中平原区第1、2叶位分蘖成穗率分别为65.0%和50.2%,丘陵区分别34.8%和24.4%。10月23日左右是利于丘陵区小麦分蘖成穗、高产的适宜播期,平原区还可提前到10月16日左右。     

渍前和渍后喷施外源调节物质对花期渍水小麦生长和产量减损效应的差异

为明确渍前和渍后施用外源物对长江中下游地区渍水小麦生长和产量减损效应的差异,以当地主栽品种扬辐麦4号为供试材料,对渍前和渍后喷施外源调节物质(DDTC、GA、肥料元素和复配外源物)后花期渍水胁迫下小麦光合与叶绿素荧光特性、干物质积累与转运及籽粒产量进行了比较分析。结果表明,花期渍水胁迫后小麦光合性能减弱,光能利用和电子传递受阻,花后光合同化物积累减少,籽粒灌浆速率降低,粒重和产量下降。渍前和渍后喷施外源调节物质均可提高花期渍水小麦的叶片光合性能,增强叶片光能利用和电子传递能力,促进籽粒中花后光合同化物积累,提升籽粒灌浆速率以及粒重,从而增加籽粒产量。与渍后喷施相比,渍前喷施外源物能够有效提高花期渍水小麦的叶片光合速率、光化学效率和叶绿素含量以及降低热耗散;渍前喷施外源物能够有效促进花期渍水小麦的花后光合同化物积累,降低花前营养器官贮藏物转运;渍前喷施外源物能够有效提升花期渍水小麦的籽粒灌浆速率,促进粒重和籽粒产量增加。综上所述,与渍后喷施相比,渍前喷施外源调节物质能够有效提升花期渍水小麦光合性能,促进干物质积累与转运以及降低籽粒产量损失,从而减少渍水胁迫对小麦生长和产量的不利影响,其中...     

Photoperiod-sensitive development phases in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

Effects of photoperiod on phasic development, leaf appearance and seed growth in two cultivars of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), and of photoperiod × temperature interactions on seed growth in one cultivar, were examined. The cultivars were Kanckolla (an early-flowering cultivar from the Andean plateau in Southern Peru) and Blanca de Junín (an intermediate flowering cultivar from the tropical valleys of central Peru). The main objectives were to establish which developmental phases are sensitive to photoperiod and whether conditions during a particular phase had delayed effects on subsequent development. Plants were grown in naturally lit growth cabinets and photoperiods were given as 10 h of natural daylight followed by extensions with low intensity artificial light giving either a short (SD, 10.25 h) or long (LD, 14 or 16 h) photoperiod. Treatments were constant (SD or LD) photoperiods or involved transfers between photoperiods at different developmental stages. A quantitative SD response was observed for time to anthesis and total number of leaves, and more than 50% of leaf primordia were formed after floral initiation. With transfers effected during the reproductive phase, the maximum number of leaf primordia, total number of leaves and time to anthesis varied by up to 9%, 33% and 24%, respectively, in relation to controls under constant SD; and by up to 8%, 39% and 12%, respectively, in relation to controls under constant LD. Photoperiods applied after leaf primordia initiation had ceased affected duration of the reproductive phase and total number of leaves through effects on the proportion of primordia that remained unexpanded (range 7–33%). Plants grown in SD until anthesis produced seed, measured 66 days after anthesis, four-fold larger in diameter than seed on plants always grown in LD. Seed diameter was also reduced by 24% by LD applied after anthesis, and by 14% by high temperature (28°C cf. 21°C), but the combination of high temperature with LD gave the greatest inhibition of seed growth (73%). Clearly, photoperiod had strong effects on all stages of plant reproduction and often acted indirectly, as shown by delayed responses expressed in later phases of development.     

Relationship between leaf gas exchange characteristics and productivity of potato clones grown at different temperatures

The rate of dark respiration (Rd) and net photosynthesis (Pn) at various leaf temperatures was examined in three potato clones (Solatium tuberosum L.) differing in heat tolerance. Plants were grown at low (25/12 C, day/night) and high (35/25 C) greenhouse air temperatures for five weeks, beginning two weeks after tuberization. Gas exchange characteristics were measured by manometric and infrared gas analyzer techniques. Respiration:photosynthesis ratios were calculated as indicators of leaf carbon balance. High greenhouse temperature reduced whole plant and tuber growth rate of all clones, however, the reduction was highest in the cultivar Russet Burbank (heat sensitive). Gas exchange characteristics did not explain differences in heat tolerance. The heat tolerant cultivar Desiree had Rd similar to Russet Burbank, while the clone DTO-28, also heat tolerant, had lower Rd of mature leaves than Russet Burbank or Desiree. However, all clones had similar Rd of immature leaves. There was no apparent relationship between heat tolerance and Pn for the three clones. DTO-28 had lower respirationrphotosynthesis ratios of immature and mature leaves than Russet Burbank 4 weeks after the start of the high temperature treatment. Desiree had respiration:photosynthesis ratios as high as Russet Burbank. At different sampling times, Rd increased in a linear and curvilinear manner with increasing leaf temperature up to 40 C. Heat tolerant and sensitive clones had similar rates of increase in Rd with increasing leaf temperature. Simultaneous measurement of Rd and Pn did not help explain differences in heat tolerance among clones. However, determination of respirationrphotosynthesis ratios may help explain the physiological basis for heat tolerance of some clones.     

Prediction of grain protein content in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using plant pigment ratio (PPR)

The applicability of the hyperspectral data from the canopy to the prediction of wheat grain quality was assessed for winter wheat. A training experiment and a validation experiment with contrasting nitrogen (N) levels and different cultivars were conducted, respectively, at different locations in Beijing, China. The wheat canopy spectral reflectance over 350–2500 nm, leaf N concentration and chlorophyll (Chl) concentration were measured at different growth stages, and the grain protein content was also determined after harvest. Eight vegetation indices (VIs) were compared relating to leaf N concentration, and the result indicated that the plant pigment ratio (PPR, (R550−R450)/(R550+R450)), a Chl-based index, was most applicable to predict wheat grain protein due to its significant correlation with leaf N concentration at the post-anthesis stage. Based on the relationships among PPR, leaf Chl concentration, leaf N concentration, and grain protein content, the statistical prediction models of grain protein content for Zhongyou9507 (a hard winter wheat) and Jingdong8 (a semi-hard winter wheat) were developed. The root mean square error (RMSE) of the 18 DAA (days after anthesis) model of Zhongyou9507 was 0.175; those of the anthesis model and the 11 DAA model of Jingdong8 were 0.238 and 0.982, respectively. Taking both the precision and accuracy into account, the 18 DAA model of Zhongyou9507 and the anthesis model of Jingdong8 were recommended to predict grain protein content for each cultivar. The result demonstrated that PPR could be used to assess grain quality of winter wheat.     

小麦籽粒淀粉合成动态及糊化特性的基因型差异

为了明确不同基因型小麦品种籽粒灌浆过程中的淀粉合成动态,为小麦的高产优质栽培提供参考信息,对6个不同基因型小麦籽粒形成过程中淀粉组分的变化及淀粉糊化特性进行了分析。结果表明,非糯性小麦的直链淀粉含量随着花后天数的增加呈上升的趋势,糯性小麦则呈先上升后下降的趋势,所有品种的支链淀粉含量均呈上升的趋势;不同基因型小麦直链、支链淀粉积累速率均呈单峰曲线图,不同品种直链淀粉最大积累速率出现的时间不同,而支链淀粉最大积累速率出现的时间均在花后21d;不同小麦品种的峰值粘度、低谷粘度、最终粘度均随着花后天数的增加而上升;不同品种淀粉糊化特性不同:糯性小麦之间在糊化时间、反弹值上无差异,而在峰值粘度、低谷粘度、最终粘度、稀懈值上的差异达显著水平;对于非糯性小麦,豫麦50和其他品种的多数糊化参数差异达显著水平;糯小麦和非糯小麦在糊化参数上的差异达1%显著水平。     

开花期喷施水杨酸对不同类型专用小麦品种籽粒淀粉及产量的影响

为给水杨酸（SA）在小麦高产和淀粉品质调优栽培中的应用提供理论依据,2003～2004年度在大田试验条件下以强、中、弱筋三种类型冬小麦品种豫麦34、豫麦49和豫麦50为供试材料,在开花前3d和开花后7d喷施浓度分别为0、0．5、1．0和1．5g／L的SA,研究其对三种类型专用小麦品种籽粒淀粉组成、特性与产量的影响。结果表明,开花期喷施适宜浓度的SA可以提高淀粉含量、淀粉的支／直比例、粘度参数和强筋小麦的膨胀势,有利于小麦淀粉品质的改善,但对不同类型专用小麦的千粒重、籽粒产量和总淀粉产量的调节效应明显不同,即开花期喷施SA可以提高强筋小麦的千粒重、籽粒产量和总淀粉产量,但1．5g／LSA处理对中筋小麦表现出负效应,与对照相比差异均达极显著水平,对弱筋小麦则无显著调节作用。在本试验条件下,从保证产量和改善小麦淀粉品质的角度来看,对于强筋和弱筋小麦而言,以1．5g／LSA处理效果最好;而中筋小麦以1．0g／LSA处理效果最好。