A lignified-layer bridge controlled by a single recessive gene is associated with high pod-shatter resistance in Brassica napus L.

Pod shattering causes severe yield loss in rapeseed(Brassica napus L.) under modern agricultural practice.Identification of highly shatter-resistant germplasm is desirable for the development of rapeseed cultivars for mechanical harvesting. In the present study, an elite line OR88 with strong shatter resistance and a lignified-layer bridge(LLB) structure was identified. The LLB structure was unique to OR88 and co-segregated with high pod-shatter resistance. The LLB structure is differentiated at...     

甘蓝型油菜DH群体抗裂角性的遗传分析

提高抗裂角性是培育适合机械化收获油菜品种的基本要求。为了明确油菜抗裂角性的遗传规律,本研究利用抗裂角性差异显著的两个甘蓝型油菜品系配制杂交组合,通过小孢子培养构建了一个双单倍体(doubled haploid,DH)群体。采用随机碰撞法对该群体进行连续两年的抗裂角性鉴定,并利用植物数量性状的主基因+多基因混合遗传模型及偏度和峰度分析对抗裂角性进行遗传分析。结果表明,甘蓝型油菜的抗裂角性受3对主基因+多基因控制,涉及的基因数目为8~10对,存在基因的加性效应及基因间的互补作用;两年试验中抗裂角性的主基因遗传率均大于85.00%,主基因遗传率较高,表明该性状主要受主基因控制,受其它微效多基因及环境的影响有限。因此,在油菜抗裂角性遗传改良中,应通过杂交聚合不同抗性等级材料中的主效抗裂角基因,在早期世代加强对抗性的选择,并可以忽略环境因素的影响。     

甘蓝型油菜远缘杂交新品系某些酶的活性与抗菌核病的关系

以中抗品种中油８２１和感病品系Ｓ—８９为对照,研究了甘蓝型油菜远缘杂交新品系９６２９和ＹＤ１６接种菌核病菌前后叶片中多酚氧化酶（ＰＰＯ）和过氧化物酶（ＰＯ）的活性变化。结果表明：４个材料接种菌核菌后的酶活性均较对照组高。ＰＰＯ的活性,抗病品系９６２９＞中抗品种（系）８２１和ＹＤ１６＞感病品系Ｓ—８９。抗病和中抗病品种（系）的ＰＯ活性高于感病品种。     

甘蓝型油菜显性核不育橙黄花纯合两型系的选育

以甘蓝型油菜显性核不育杂合两型系的不育株沪油15A为母本,与恢复系HF03杂交,F1群体全部表现为可育。在该杂交组合的6个F3群体中有5个群体发生育性分离。其中区号为04-4307的F3群体发生育性和花瓣色泽的分离,表现为70株鲜黄花可育、22株鲜黄花不育、30株橙黄花可育、9株橙黄花不育。根据油菜显性核不育和橙黄花的遗传规律,04-4307出现3:1育性分离,说明该群体由基因型为MsMsRfrf的单株自交获得。从04-4307群体中选橙黄花可育株自交,并与橙黄花不育株作兄妹交,后代全部表现为橙黄花(y1y1y2y2)。其中区号为05-4356的兄妹交组合出现1:1育性分离;其父本的可育株自交出现3:1育性分离。由此推断,05-4356的兄妹交组合就是显性核不育橙黄花纯合两型系,其不育株基因型为MsMsrfrfy1y1y2y2,可育株基因型为MsMsRfrfy1y1y2y2。     

Identification of QTLs underlying resistance to a virulent strain of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in rice cultivar DV85

Bacterial blight (BB), caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), is one of the most devastating diseases of rice in China. A strongly virulent Xoo strain, designated Z-173, is widely distributed across China and Southeast Asia. Indica rice DV85 is known to carry the two resistance genes, xa5 and Xa7. However, their effectiveness against Z-173 is unknown. Using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between DV85 and the susceptible cultivar Kinmaze, we have identified the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) responsible for the resistance of DV85 to Z-173. Following 2 years of phenotyping, three QTLs associated with the resistance were detected. These were linked to RFLP markers X362, X292 and G1091 on chromosomes 3, 5, and 6, respectively. Qxa-5 and Qxa-6 probably correspond to xa5 and Xa7, respectively. Both the xa5 and Xa7 resistances are stable over different years, and act independently of one another in determining resistance. The effect of xa5 was larger than that of Xa7. Efficient ways to improve the resistance to Z-173 are discussed.     

Identification of a candidate QTG for seed number per silique by integrating QTL mapping and RNA-seq in Brassica napus L.

Seed number per silique(SNPS) is one of seed yield components in rapeseed, but its genetic mechanism remains elusive. Here a double haploid(DH) population derived from a hybrid between female 6Q006with 35–40 SNPS and male 6W26 with 10–15 SNPS was investigated for SNPS in the year 2017, 2018,2019 and 2021, and genotyped with Brassica 60K Illumina Infinium SNP array. An overlapping major QTL(qSNPS.C09) explaining 51.50% of phenotypic variance on average was narrowed to a 0.90 Mb region from 44.87 ...