水合氯醛和静松灵对家兔心电图的影响

水合氯醛和静松灵麻醉后测定家兔心电图,将其与正常状态下的心电图进行分析和对比。结果表明,注射水合氯醛后心率加快,心电图中S-T段消失,T-P段上升,部分家兔出现角弓反张、呼吸困难,其安全性差;注射静松灵对心电图的影响较大,心率明显减慢,出现锯齿型F波和冠状T波,T波电压升高到0.118~0.231 mV,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联的Q波消失。     

阻抗心动图法评价不同麻醉方法对马心功能的影响

以无损伤性阻抗技术,对10匹实验马应用静松灵、水合氯醛、激光麻醉后的心血管状态进行了监测。结果表明,在应用静松灵后实验马的HR、CO、Cl、dz/dt几项指标显著下降,LVET、TEMS显著延长。应用水合氯醛后,实验马SV、LVET、TEMS显著减少。心电图有时可见到传导阻滞和异位兴奋点,个别马心音图也有一定变化,说明这两种药物对马的心脏功能有不良影响。激光照射后,以上各项参数没有显著变化,说明激光麻醉对马的心功能没有明显影响。该实验也证明了采用生物阻抗技术定量计算心输出量是临床麻醉监测较为行之有效的方法和手段。     

马的水合氯醛麻醉脑电图观察

本文叙述了马的不同剂量水合氯醛静脉注射麻醉脑电图。水合氯醛剂量为4—6克/每100公斤体重,脑电图呈现口节律减弱,水合氯醛剂量为8克/每100公斤体重,脑电图呈现高波幅、长周期、混合型慢节律α——δ节律,有时呈现典型睡眠波形——Sigma节律;水合氯醛剂量为12克/每100公斤体重,脑电图呈现节律好、波形规律、波幅较低慢节律——θ节律。水合氯醛麻醉脑电图能够成功地提供客观控制麻醉深度的指标。     

Mean Lifetime of Free Radical Chains Determined by a Flow Technique

When radiolysis is induced in chloral hydrate solution flowing through a glass coil wound around a lead brick and irradiated from one side only, the rate of reaction depends on the flow rate. The effect resembles that for intermittent irradiation and makes it possible to estimate the mean lifetime of the free radical chain.     

烟台百里香的生药学研究

[目的]对烟台百里香进行生药鉴定,为进一步开发利用烟台百里香植物资源提供依据。[方法]采用石蜡切片法观察茎、叶的解剖结构;用水合氯醛透化法观察烟台百里香茎叶粉末的显微特征。[结果]烟台百里香在原植物、性状和显微等方面具有专属性特征。[结论]该试验描述了烟台百里香的性状、显微和理化特征,为烟台百里香的鉴别和进一步开发利用提供科学依据。     

Memory: modification of anisomycin-induced amnesia by stimulants and depressants

Mice were trained in a passive (foot shock)avoidance task. When administered after training, the stimulants caffeine or nicotine blocked amnesia for the task that had been produced by injections of the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin given prior to training. With foot shock at a higher intensity, anisomycin did not produce amnesia by itself, but the administration of the depressants chloral hydrate or sodium phenobarbital after training did cause amnesia. Stimulants and depressants did not have an appreciable influence on the overall degree of protein synthesis inhibition produced by anisomycin. The results support the hypothesis that arousal after training is an important factor in the conversion of short-term to long-term memory.     

天然气水合物储运技术研究

针对水合物的4种结构,对其性质的各个方面进行了分析,结果表明,H型水合物在4种结构水合物中最有利于储存.通过对比在合成试验中对温度、压力、水合物生成促进剂和活性剂等条件的研究,认为目前H成H型水合物的最佳促进剂为甲基环己胺,还可以找到更合适的促进剂来生成H型水合物.研究表明,在甲烷中加入环戊烷时温压条件最易达到,但生成的是Ⅱ型水合物,储气量较小.     

多相混输管道水合物流动的LedaFlow软件模拟

为了深入探讨多相管道混输体系水合物浆液输送技术,采用LedaFlow软件进行抑制剂注入和水合物浆液多相混输的模拟计算。利用软件的参数优化模块计算最佳抑制剂注入量;利用软件水合物输送模块进行水合物浆液输送模拟计算。根据模拟计算结果,分析管内水合物浆液流动规律,初步探索LedaFlow软件在水合物浆液流动安全保障中的应用,以期为天然气凝析液管道的水合物流动安全保障提供参考。     

耐溶剂复合纳滤膜的研究进展

综述了复合纳滤膜的材料和结构,重点概述了复合纳滤膜的溶涨和膜性能下降的机制,并进一步介绍了近年来耐溶剂复合纳滤膜的研究进展。     

反胶束技术及其应用

反胶束是表面活性剂是非极性溶剂中形成的与正常胶束结构相反的含水聚合体。反胶束技术可用于非极性体系中极性物质的分离，也可用于酶的固定化，目前主要用于生物大分子物质的分离，是一种新型的生物分离技术。就该技术的原理、方法、应用及最新研究进展进行了介质。     

Ultrafast viscous permeation of organic solvents through diamond-like carbon nanosheets

Chemical, petrochemical, energy, and environment-related industries strongly require high-performance nanofiltration membranes applicable to organic solvents. To achieve high solvent permeability, filtration membranes must be as thin as possible, while retaining mechanical strength and solvent resistance. Here, we report on the preparation of ultrathin free-standing amorphous carbon membranes with Young's moduli of 90 to 170 gigapascals. The membranes can separate organic dyes at a rate three orders of magnitude greater than that of commercially available membranes. Permeation experiments revealed that the hard carbon layer has hydrophobic pores of ~1 nanometer, which allow the ultrafast viscous permeation of organic solvents through the membrane.     

Intramembrane proteolysis: theme and variations

Proteases that reside in cellular membranes apparently wield water to hydrolyze the peptide bonds of substrates despite their water-excluding environment. Although these intramembrane proteases bear little or no sequence resemblance to classical water-soluble proteases, they have ostensibly converged on similar hydrolytic mechanisms. Identification of essential amino acid residues of these proteases suggests that they use residue combinations for catalysis in the same way as their soluble cousins. In contrast to classical proteases, however, the catalytic residues of intramembrane proteases lie within predicted hydrophobic transmembrane domains. Elucidating the biological functions of intramembrane proteases, identifying their substrates, and understanding how they hydrolyze peptide bonds within membranes will shed light on the ways these proteases regulate crucial biological processes and contribute to disease.     

涩宁兰输气管道水合物事故及其预防

涩宁兰输气管道沿线经过我国西北高原寒冷地区,因输送气质含水量较大、管道投运过程干燥不彻底,导致管道中存留液态水,在高压、低温条件下极易发生水合物冻堵。针对2010年冬季涩宁兰输气管道兰州末站发生的水合物堵塞事故,对管道中天然气气质的水露点和运行参数进行分析。将天然气的水露点值换算成含水量值,并将分析得到的含水量值和工艺运行参数范围与水合物生成条件参数进行对比,根据对比结果控制管道的运行参数,以防止水合物的生成。介绍了通过添加抑制剂防止水合物生成的方法及其添加量的计算方法。涩宁兰输气管道水合物事故分析与预防技术实践表明:与添加抑制剂方法相比,采用检测气质参数和监测管道工艺运行参数防止输气管道系统中生成水合物的方法,更能满足生产要求,且经济性与安全性更高。     

辫根七杀虫活性研究

以辫根七为原料,经过回流提取、系统溶剂萃取,采用小叶碟添加法对各供试样品进行检测.结果表明：辫根七中极性成分和非极性成分均有较强的生物活性,但以极性成分稍强.杀虫活性物质主要是生物碱.经柱层析获得5种物质,有2种物质对3龄粘虫具有较高的拒食活性,1种物质对粘虫具有诱食活性.这种既具有高拒食活性成分,又含有诱食活性成分的物质尚不多见.     

Perturbation of red cell membrane structure during intracellular maturation of Plasmodium falciparum

An experimental approach, which in this study was applied to the malarial system, can be used to analyze the molecular structure and organization of individual phospholipids in a wide variety of biological membranes. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy was used to investigate the structural modifications of the major red cell phospholipids that occur in erythrocyte membranes infected with the human malarial parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. These modifications were correlated with the intracellular developmental stage of the parasite. Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylserine were increasingly disordered (fluidized) as infection progressed. This disordering occurred at different rates and to varying extents.     

蒌蒿杀虫成分的微波辅助提取及生物活性测定

[目的]研究蒌蒿杀虫成分对菜粉蝶的生物学活性。[方法]在微波辅助加热条件下,以乙醇、乙醚、水、甲苯为溶剂对蒌蒿进行浸提,测定各溶剂提取物对菜粉蝶幼虫的拒食、胃毒、触杀和熏蒸活性。[结果]各溶剂提取物对菜粉蝶幼虫均表现出一定的拒食、胃毒、触杀和熏蒸活性,其中,以乙醇提取物的生物活性最强。[结论]该研究结果可为开发利用蒌蒿植物源杀虫剂提供参考。     

Dimethyl sulfoxide protects tightly coupled mitochondria from freezing damage

Dimethyl sulfoxide prevented loss of respiratory control and decrease in efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation when plant mitochondria were stored in liquid nitrogen. Respiration was severely inhibited and was not stimulated by adenosine diphosphate when mitochondria were frozen in liquid nitrogen without dimethyl sulfoxide. Thus, isolated mitochondria provide a model system for the study of the effects of freezing on biological membranes and of the prevention, by dimethyl sulfoxide, of freezing damage.     

水合物热力学抑制剂临界最低加剂量的计算方法

在油气管道输送过程中,低温高压工况易生成水合物从而影响管道输送效率,严重时会引起管道堵塞。在实际工程应用中,通常采用添加热力学抑制剂的方式防止水合物的生成,常用的热力学抑制剂有甲醇、乙二醇等。确定合理的热力学抑制剂加剂量,对于保证管道的安全经济运行具有重要意义。在Chen-Guo双过程水合物热力学模型的基础上,应用Wilson模型确定水-醇溶液中水的活度,建立了含抑制剂体系水合物生成平衡条件的计算方法,并提出采用预估-试算-调整的思路确定管道运行工况点所需抑制剂的临界最低加剂量。实例验证表明,所提方法计算简单,精度高,能够满足实际工程需要。(图6,表6,参23)     

Stress and fold localization in thin elastic membranes

Thin elastic membranes supported on a much softer elastic solid or a fluid deviate from their flat geometries upon compression. We demonstrate that periodic wrinkling is only one possible solution for such strained membranes. Folds, which involve highly localized curvature, appear whenever the membrane is compressed beyond a third of its initial wrinkle wavelength. Eventually the surface transforms into a symmetry-broken state with flat regions of membrane coexisting with locally folded points, reminiscent of a crumpled, unsupported membrane. We provide general scaling laws for the wrinkled and folded states and proved the transition with numerical and experimental supported membranes. Our work provides insight into the interfacial stability of such diverse systems as biological membranes such as lung surfactant and nanoparticle thin films.     

水合物浆液流动特性研究

采用水合物循环管路装置,添加比例为水量2%(质量比)的防聚剂Span80,在压力为1.6MPa、温度为280.2K的条件下,测定了(柴油 甲烷 四氢呋喃 水)体系在不同水油体积比时生成水合物浆液的流体力学行为。将(水合物 液体)的非均相体系当作拟流体处理,建立了水合物浆液的流动模型,计算了各实验体系的表观粘度,分析了不同水油比时气体消耗量、流量、表观粘度随时间的变化趋势。