中草药对乌蒙乌骨鸡生长性能的影响

采用单因子随机设计,将320只14日龄的健康乌蒙乌骨鸡随机分成4组,即Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组,每组设5个重复,每重复16只鸡。Ⅰ组为对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组为试验组,日粮中分别添加0.5%、1%和1.5%中草药添加剂,试验期35 d,研究中草药添加剂对乌蒙乌骨鸡生长性能的影响,并筛选出中草药添加剂效果最佳剂量。试验结果表明:3种不同剂量的中草药添加剂均能不同程度地提高乌蒙乌骨鸡的平均体质量和平均日增质量,降低料肉比,以添加1%中草药添加剂的经济效益最高。     

饲料中添加甘草药渣对肉鸡生产性能的影响

试验选用90只1日龄(平均体重42克)的健康白羽肉仔鸡,完全随机分为4组(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ),每个组设3个重复,试验组每个重复7只鸡(公母混群)。Ⅰ为对照组(每个重复9只鸡),饲喂基础日粮;Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ为试验组,分别饲喂基础日粮+甘草药渣,甘草药渣的添加量分别为3%、4%、5%,进行饲养试验。结果表明,与对照组相比,添加量为3%的甘草药渣组能显著提高肉鸡的日增重,降低料肉比(P<0.05);能显著提高饲粮中粗蛋白质的表观代谢率(P<0.05),而添加不同水平的甘草渣各组都降低了饲粮中粗脂肪的表观代谢率(P<0.05)。     

肉仔鸡应用香型中草药添加剂的饲养试验

270羽艾维菌肉仔鸡随机分为6组,每组3个重复,试验期42d,第Ⅰ组为基础对照组;第Ⅱ组在基础日粮中添加50mg/kg杆菌肽锌,第Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组在基础日粮基础上分别添加0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%香型中草药添加剂。结果表明,香型中草药添加剂能提高肉仔鸡日增重,效果与抗生素组相近,其中以1.5%添加量效果最佳。     

不同中草药饲料添加剂对三穗鸭生长性能的影响

为研究不同中草药饲料添加剂对三穗鸭生长性能的影响,选取300只三穗鸭随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复20只鸭。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试Ⅰ组添加基础日粮1%的中草药配方Ⅰ,试Ⅱ组添加基础日粮1.5%的中草药配方Ⅰ,试Ⅲ组添加基础日粮1%的中草药配方Ⅱ,试Ⅳ组添加基础日粮1.5%的中草药配方Ⅱ。试验期56d。结果显示:在3~11周龄时,试Ⅰ、Ⅱ组在增重方面显著高于对照组(P0.05);试Ⅲ、Ⅳ组和对照组相比,增重有差异但不显著。绝对周增重各组在各个阶段都略有差异,相对周增重各组间都呈下降趋势。试Ⅱ组的平均日增重显著高于对照组(P0.05),试Ⅰ、Ⅳ组也有所提高但差异不显著(P0.05),Ⅲ组有所降低。平均日采食量与对照组相比,试Ⅰ、Ⅳ组显著提高(P0.05),试Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的日采食量也略有提高,但差异不显著(P0.05)。与对照组相比料肉比有所降低,但差异不显著(P0.05)。研究表明,添加1.5%基础日粮的中草药配方Ⅰ,能同时有效的提高三穗鸭3~11周龄的平均日增重和日采食量。     

日粮中添加腐植酸钠对肉仔鸡成活率及生长性能的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平腐植酸钠对肉仔鸡成活率及生长性能的影响。选用1000只健康科宝商品肉仔鸡,随机分为5组,每组5个重复,每个重复40只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅰ～Ⅳ组在基础日粮中分别添加黄霉素、1.0%腐植酸钠、2.0%腐植酸钠、1.0%腐植酸钠＋黄霉素。试验期49 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,各组肉仔鸡成活率均有明显提高,Ⅲ组平均日采食量显著提高（P＜0.05）,Ⅱ、Ⅳ组平均日增重显著提高（P＜0.05）,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组料重比显著降低（P＜0.05）。综上所述,日粮中添加腐植酸钠可提高肉仔鸡的成活率,改善其生长性能,其中以添加1.0%腐植酸钠效果最佳,同时与黄霉素具有较好的配伍作用。     

中草药饲料添加剂对肉仔鸡生长性能和免疫器官指数的影响

为了研究日粮中添加不同剂量的中草药饲料添加剂对肉仔鸡生长性能和免疫器官指数的影响,选取体重接近的健康1日龄AA肉仔鸡288只,按体重均匀分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡,即每组72只鸡。设对照组：日粮中不添加中草药饲料添加剂;试验Ⅰ组：日粮中添加0.5%中草药饲料添加剂;试验Ⅱ组：日粮中添加1%中草药饲料添加剂;试验Ⅲ组：日粮中添加2%中草药饲料添加剂。进行为期42d的饲养试验,测定各组的采食量、日增重、料重比以及脾脏指数和法氏囊指数。结果表明,肉仔鸡日粮中添加复方中草药制剂能够显著提高生长性能及免疫器官指数,日粮中添加1%复方中草药制剂效果最好。     

单宁酸和牛至油组合对肉仔鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和抗氧化指标的影响

试验旨在研究单宁酸和牛至油混合饲喂对肉仔鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和抗氧化指标的影响。选取240只体重相近的1日龄肉仔鸡随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复15只鸡。对照组肉仔鸡饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组肉仔鸡饲喂基础日粮+1 500 mg/kg的单宁酸,试验Ⅱ组肉仔鸡饲喂基础日粮+1 500 mg/kg的单宁酸+300 mg/kg牛至油,试验Ⅲ组肉仔鸡饲喂基础日粮+1 500 mg/kg单宁酸+500 mg/kg牛至油。预试期7 d,正式试验期21 d。结果显示：与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组肉仔鸡的末重、平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),各试验组肉仔鸡料重比均显著降低(P<0.05);各试验组肉仔鸡的全净膛率均显著升高(P<0.05),试验Ⅲ组肉仔鸡的半净膛率显著升高(P<0.05);各试验组肉仔鸡的腿肌和胸肌的pH_{45 min}值均显著提高(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组肉仔鸡的胸肌pH_{24 h}值显著升高(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组肉仔鸡的剪切力显著降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比...     

不同中草药添加剂对珍珠鸡饲喂效果的研究

为了研究不同中草药添加剂对珍珠鸡的饲喂效果,试验选取800只珍珠鸡,随机均分成4个处理组,即Ⅰ组(对照组,饲喂基础日粮)、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组(按基础日粮分别添加2.5%的不同中草药),试验期为63d。结果表明:中草药添加剂组显著提高了珍珠鸡的平均日增重,料重比极显著降低,以Ⅱ组效果最为明显;Ⅱ组平均日增重比Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组分别提高出了24.20%、2.96%和1.61%,料重比比Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组分别降低了23.36%、2.87%、1.23%。说明用Ⅱ组中草药添加剂饲喂珍珠鸡效果最佳。     

不同浓度中草药添加剂对蛋用雏鸡生产性能及经济效益的影响

本试验选取1日龄健康、体重相近的海兰褐蛋用雏鸡500只,随机分成5组,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组为试验组,Ⅴ组为对照组,每组4个重复,每个重复25只。其中Ⅴ组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.05%、0.1%、0.2%、0.3%的不同浓度中草药复合添加剂。中草药复合添加剂的主要成分为桑叶、女贞子、麦冬、蒲公英及马齿苋。试验结果表明：与Ⅴ组相比,饲料中添加中草药复合添加剂能够提高Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组雏鸡的生长性能,且随着添加浓度的变化呈现出一定的增长趋势;Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组雏鸡存栏率上升,体重变异系数降低,优化鸡群整体的发育水平。综合分析各组试验数据可知,Ⅲ组效果最佳。经济效益方面,Ⅲ组雏鸡相较于Ⅴ组平均每只饲料成本下降0.29元,利润提高了0.61元。可见在日粮中添加不同浓度的中草药复合添加剂,能够不同程度的提高雏鸡体重,日均增重以及存栏率,降低料重比,提高养殖的经济效益。其中,添加浓度为0.2%的试验Ⅲ组效果最佳。     

丁酸梭菌对肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫机能及血液生理生化指标的影响

试验研究日粮中添加不同水平丁酸梭菌(Clostridium butyricum,CB)对肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫机能和血液生理生化指标的影响.选用1日龄健康状况良好、体重相近的肉仔鸡1600只,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复100只.对照组(Ⅰ组)肉仔鸡饲喂基础日粮,3个试验组(Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组)分别在基础日粮中添加50...     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …